Funda ukuba yiyiphi enye into efanelekileyo ye-basal cell, cell cell squamous, kunye ne-melanoma
Ukuba unesigxina kwesikhumba sakho, ugqirha wakho unokuncoma i-biopsy ukujonga umhlaza wesikhumba . Oku kunokusikhumbuza engqondweni imibuzo emininzi. Ziziphi na iinkqubo zokwenziwa komhlaza we-skin biopsy, kwaye kutheni iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zinconywa kwizilonda ezahlukeneyo? Ngaba kuya kubangela ubuhlungu? Nguwuphi ulwazi oya kugqirha ugqirha wakho kwi-pathologist kwaye kuya kuthini na amanyathelo alandelayo?
Fumana iinkcukacha ezongezelelweyo malunga nomdlavuza wesikhumba se-biopsy, ngezantsi.
Yintoni I-Cancer Biopsy?
Umdlavuza wesikhumba we-biopsy wenziwe ukuze ubone ukuba indawo engavumelekanga esikhumbeni sakho ingaba ngumhlaza. Umhlaza wesikhumba ngumntu oqhelekileyo, ochaphazela abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ngonyaka eMelika.
Iintlobo zeCancer Cancer
Kukho iintlobo eziphambili zengqondo yomhlaza, kwaye luhlobo luni lomhlaza wesikhumba oya kuwufumana ukuba luhlobo luni lomhlaza we-skin biopsy.
- Umdlavuza wesikhumba se-Squamous cell : I- squamous cell carcinoma yesikhumba ngezinye izihlandlo iqala njenge- actinic keratosis , i-scaly lesion kunye nesiseko esibomvu esinxulumene nokukhanya kwelanga. Olu luhlobo lwesibini oluqhelekileyo lomhlaza wesikhumba.
- I-Basal cell carcinoma yesikhumba: I- Basal cell carcinoma yindlela eqhelekileyo yomhlaza wesikhumba, ojongene nama-80 ekhulwini lala mathambo. Ukubonakala kwe-basal cell carcinoma ngokuqhelekileyo i-pearly kwaye i-tumor ivame ukuqala njengesikhumba esikhumbeni ekugqibeleni ixineke kwiziko (njenge-volcano.)
- I-Melanoma : I- Melanoma yona hlobo olubi kakhulu lomhlaza wesikhumba kwaye unoxanduva lokufa kwabantu abaninzi kwisifo. Ekubeni i-melanoma (echaphazela isicwangciso sonyango kunye nesigxina sakho) kuxhomekeke ekumiseni ngokuchanekileyo ubunzulu be-tumor, uhlobo lomhlaza wesikhumba ogqithisiweyo ugqirha lwakho luya kuba lugcina i-tumor ngokuchanekileyo ngokunokwenzeka.
Iselmous cell kunye ne-basal cell carcinomas zibhekwa njenge-non-melanoma yesikhumba somhlaza kwaye asasazeka. Uninzi lweenkqubo ze-biopsy zingasetyenziselwa ukuxilonga ezi ngqayi, kodwa okufanayo akunjalo ne-melanoma.
Iindidi zeCopter Cancer Biopsies
- Shave biopsy: i-biopsy ye-shave iyinomdlavuza yomhlaza wesikhumba esilula ngokucacileyo ngendlela efana neendlela ozoyihlamba ngayo ubuso bakho okanye imilenze yakho, nangona unzulu. Yilona hlobo oluqhelekileyo olwenziweyo lwe-biopsy, kwaye lusebenza kakuhle ngezilonda eziphakanyisiweyo. Olu hlobo lwe-biopsy lususa umgca we- epidermal wesikhumba kunye nxalenye ephezulu yederm . I-biopsy ye-shave ayifanele ukuba yenziwe xa i-melanoma ikhunjulwa (ezinye iindlela zobugcisa ze-biopsy kufuneka ziqwalaselwe izilonda ezinemibala). Ngokuqhelekileyo indlela ekhethiweyo yokuvavanya izilonda zesikhumba kwinqanaba kuba ingenawo umngcipheko wokuhlukana nokulapha emva kwenkqubo. Emva kokuba i-biopsy ithatyathwe, indawo apho isikhumba sikhutshwa khona sinokukhutshwa kwimeko yokukhupha ukuphuma kwegazi kunye nesisombululo se-aluminium hydroxide okanye i-nitrate yesilivere (nangona le nto ingalimaza ulusu). Ummandla kufuneka ugcinwe ucocekile kwaye unomsindo ngeveki ukwenzela ukunciphisa ubunqamlezo.
- Punch biopsy: I-biopsy ye-punch yenziwa ngendlela efana nepop punki okanye i-cookie cutter, kwaye isusa icandelo le-cylindrical tissue. Izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zepopp biopsy zikhoyo kwaye ugqirha wakho uya kukhetha ubungakanani obukwazi ukususa isampula esona siphumo esincinci. Indawo ekufuneka ikhethiweyo ikhethwe kwaye isampuli ifunyenwe ngokujikeleza isixhobo. I-biopsy ye-punch ingasetyenziselwa ukuthatha isampuli ye-lesion esicangayo (okanye ngamanye amaxesha isuse isihlunu sonke ukuba sincinci). I-punp biopsy ithatha isampuli esicacileyo kune-biopsy shave, isusa i-epidermis, i-dermis, kunye nexabiso elincinci le- tissue (okanye i-subcutis). Ummandla uvame ukuvalwa nge-suture. Uhlobo oluthile lwe-biops kufuneka luqwalaselwe ukuba kukho i-melanoma.
- I-biopsies engabonakaliyo kunye neengxowankulu : i-biopsies engabonakaliyo kunye neyobuxhakaxhaka bobabini bayenziwa ngejezi yokucoca. Ukwahlukana kukuba i-biopsy (iyanconywa ukuba i- melanoma iyalitshutshiswa) yenziwa ukuba isuse lonke i-lesion, kanti i-biopsy engacacanga isusa isahlulo nje. I-elliptical incision isenziwa rhoqo ukwenzela ukukunceda ngokuvala isicatshulwa emva kokuba izicubu zisuswe.
Ukukhetha i-Biopsy efanelekileyo
I-biopsy shave okanye i-punch biopsy inokucingwa ukuba isilonda sikhankqalaza kwi-celal basal okanye umdlavuza wesikhumba sesikhumba se-squamous, kodwa i-biopsy ekhethekileyo (ngokukhethekileyo i-biopsy enkulu) kufuneka iyenze ukuba i-melanoma ikhunjulwe.
Nangona izikhokelo ezibekwe ngu-American Academy of Dermatology, ezi ngcebiso azilandelwa ngokuthe ngqo. Ngo-2016, kwafunyaniswa ukuba kukho ukungafani okwakubonakala kwindlela ama-dermatologists ase-US alandela ngayo izi khokelo. Ngokomzekelo, xa kufike kwi-melanomas kwisifundo esinye:
- Iipesenti ezingama-35 zafunyanwa nge-biopsy shave
- Iipesenti ezili-11 zafunyanwa yi-punch biopsy
- Kwi-melanomas efanelekileyo ngokuchaneka nge-biopsy, i-31 ekhulwini yayisuswe ngokuchithwa okuncinci, kunokuba i-excisional excision
Nangona uphando lwangoku alufumananga ukuba uhlobo lwe-biopsy yomhlaza wesikhumba lwenza umehluko omkhulu ekusindeni njengoko bekucingelwe ngaphambili, i-biopsy efanelekileyo yandisa ukuchaneka kokuxilongwa kunye nesifo somhlaza, esichaphazela ukhetho lwakho lwezonyango kunye nokuxela.
I-crux yezi ziphumo kukuba kufuneka ube ngummeli onolwazi xa kuziwa kunyango lwakho. Buza imibuzo, khetha ngokucophelela ababoneleli bakho, kwaye unganqikazi ukufumana umbono wesibini.
Ngaba Kuya Kubuhlungu I-Biopsy?
Ngaphambi kokuba i-biopsy yesikhumba iqhutywe, ugqirha wakho uya kuphazamisa isikhumba, ngokuqhelekileyo ngokujoba i-lidocaine kuyo yonke indawo ukuba ibe yi-biopsied. Kulabo abanomdla kakhulu kwiintlungu, ummandla ungabalwa kuqala kunye ne-lidocaine yama-topical esetyenziselwa i-20 okanye imizuzu engama-30 phambi kokujova kwe-lidocaine. Ukulandela i-biopsy, kufuneka ube neentlungu ezincinci.
Ku philisa
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba luhlobo luni lomhlaza wesikhumba owenziwe ngayo, kubalulekile ukugcina isicatshulwa sakho okanye indawo ye-biopsy ihlambulukile. Ayikho indlela yokuthintela ukukhawuleza xa i-biopsy yenziwe, kodwa unako ukunciphisa ukutshabalalisa ngokugcina indawo ecocekileyo ukukhusela izifo (ezinokunyusa ukonakala) kunye nokuphepha ukugxininisa indawo leyo.
Iingxaki
Iingxaki aziqhelekanga nge-biopsy yolusu kodwa ingaquka ukuphuma kwegazi kunye nosulelo. Ukuba unesifo sokuphaphaka okanye unamaphi amayeza anyukisayo ukuphuma kwegazi, xela ugqirha wakho. Gcina ukhumbule ukuba ezinye izongezo zengqolowa zinokunyusa igazi.
KuPathology
Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthatha iintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba ugqirha wakho athenge ingxelo ye-pathology evela kwibhabhi. Oku kugqiba ukuba ingaba indawo yesikhumba isifo somhlaza. Buza ugqirha wakho xa ulindele ukufumana ingxelo kwaye ufumanise ukuba uya kukubiza ngokuba neziphumo okanye ukuba ufuna ukucwangcisa ukuqokwa kokulandelwa.
Ukuba i-biopsy yakho iveza i-melanoma, i-biopsies eyongezelelweyo ingenziwa ukwenzela ukuvavanya i-lymph nodes kwindawo ekufutshane ne-tumor. Funda kabanzi malunga neenzuzo kunye neengxaki ze- lymph node dissection nge-melanoma.
Ngaphantsi
Ukuba unomdlavuza wesikhumba nge-biopsy ngenxa yesilonda esingavamile esikhumbeni sakho, mhlawumbi uziva uxhalabile. Akuncedi xa abantu bethetha ukuba "kunokuphela" ngumhlaza wesikhumba. Naluphina uhlobo lomhlaza luloyiko kwaye luqhelekile ukuba luve neentloni. Iindaba ezilungileyo kukuba xa umdlavuza wesikhumba ubanjwe kwaye unyangwa ngephambilana, uyaphiliswa, ngoko rhoqo ukubona i-dermatologist yokukhangela ihlale ilungileyo.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba iziphumo zakho zichaza umhlaza, okanye uthathe umzuzu ukuba ufunde ngokukhusela umdlavuza wesikhumba . Ukubhinqa i-sun-screen yelanga elibanzi-ikakhulukazi xa kufuneka ube ngaphandle kwexesha elide-kubalulekile, kunye nokuhlala ngaphakathi kwimizuzu emini, ufune umthunzi, kwaye ugqoke iimpahla ezikhuselekileyo zelanga ezifana nezilonda , iikhati kunye nezibuko zelanga.
> Imithombo:
> Farber, A., noD. Rigel. Uthelekiso lweeNkqubo zangoku Iimpawu zee-Dermatologists zase-US ezichasene nezikhokelo ezipapashwe kwi-Biopsy, Management Management, kunye nokulandelwa kwezigulane zeMelanoma eziPrayimari eziPrayimari. Umbhalo we-American Academy of Dermatology . 2016. 75 (6): 1193-1197.
> Kasper, uDennis, Anthony Fauci, uStephen Hauser, uDan Longo, noJameson. Iinqununu zeHarrison zeMithi yoPhakathi. ENew York: iMacGraw-Hill Education, 2015. Phrinta.
> Madu, F., Wouters, M, noA van Akkooi. I-Sentinel Node Biopsy kwi-Melanoma: Iingxabano zangoku ezixhaswe. I-European Journal ye-Oncology yokugulisa . 2016 Aug 24. (Epub ngaphambi kokuprinta).
> Ilayibrari yeSizwe ka-US yamayeza. I-Skin lesion Biopsy. Updated 12/02/14. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003840.htm