I- dermis yinkalo yesibini kunye nelona lugqityileyo lwezinto ezintathu eziphezulu eziphezulu zesikhumba , eziphakathi kwe- epidermis kunye nezicubu ezincinci , ezibizwa ngokuba yi-subcutis kunye ne-hypodermis.
Nangona siye sabona isikhumba nje njengendlela yokukhusela kwimimandla, sifunda ukuba iziqulatho zesikhumba zinzima kakhulu kwaye zinemisebenzi ebalulekileyo.
Ukususela kwi-goosebumps kunye nokupholisa kwi-sauna ukuvumela ukuba ingqondo yakho yazi ukuba isandla sakho sisesitshisi, masifunde kabanzi malunga nendlela olu luhlu lwakhiwe ngayo kwaye lwenza ntoni.
I-Anatomy kunye nesakhiwo
I-dermis inamacala amabini: isalathisi esincinci, esinqununu esaziwa njenge- papillary dermis , kunye ne-thickness, engqinileyo ebizwa ngokuba yidermular dermis . Ubungakanani balo buhluka ngoxhomekeke kwendawo yesikhumba. Ngokomzekelo, i-dermis kwiinkophe i-0.6 millimeters thick; ngasemva, iintendelezo zezandla kunye neengcambu zeenyawo zi-3 millimeters thick.
I-dermis iqulethe amanzi amaninzi kwaye inendima ebalulekileyo ekuhambeni kokushisa okufanelekileyo nokunikezela ngegazi kwi-epidermis. Izakhiwo ezifunyenwe kwiiderm ziquka:
- Izicubu ezinxibelelwano - Ngokukodwa i-collagen kunye ne-elastin
- I-blood capillaries (encinci yemithambo yegazi) kunye nezinye iinqanawa ezincinci
- Imikhumbi yeLymph
- I-sweat glands
- Iingqungquthela ezinobulunga ( iifumba zeoli) - Eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuba zixutywe kwaye zibangele iintloko ezimhlophe ze-acne, iingqungquthela ezihlambulukileyo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni umzimba
- Iziphelo zomlomo
- Ubunzima bezinwele - Umzimba uqulethe izigidi ezininzi zeentloko zeenwele
Uluhlu lweTiscu
I-dermis iqulethwe iintlobo ezintathu zeetyhubhu ezikhoyo kwi -dermis, kungekho kwiindawo:
- Collagen
- Iishubhu ezinomzimba
- Iimpawu zoqhagamshelwano
Uluhlu lwamaphepha, umgca ophezulu we-dermis, luqulethe ilungiselelo elincinci le-collagen fibers.
Uluhlu oluphantsi, olubalaseleyo lulokhudlwana kwaye lwenziwa ngamagqabi e-collagen azinzileyo ahlelwe ngokubhekiselele kumphezulu wesikhumba.
Imisebenzi edlala
I-dermis yindawo engqongqo yesikhumba kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ibaluleke kakhulu. Idlala indima ebalulekileyo, kuquka:
- Ukuvelisa ukujuluka nokulawula ukushisa komzimba. Ngaphakathi kwidermisi ziqubuzela izigulane ezivelisa izithukuthezi eziphuma kwizibonda. Umzimba uphupha njengendlela yokuzipholisa, ulawule ubushushu kwaye uphuphe ngaphandle kweesxibisi. Kukho izigulane ezingaphezulu kwezigidi ezi-2,5 zomzimba zomzimba, kwaye kukho iintlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo: i-apocrine kunye ne-eccrine. I-Apocrine sweat glands ifunyenwe kwiindawo ezivuthayo kakhulu zomzimba, kubandakanywa izibophezelo, isalathisi kunye nommandla wesisu. Izithobezi ezikhukhulayo, ezisebenza ngethuba lokukhulelwa, zithumela izinto zazo kwiintlobo zezinwele. Umshumo ofihliweyo ngokwenene ungenasiphelo ekuqaleni; iqala kuphela ukuvumba xa ifikeleleka kumabhaktheriya esikhumba. I-Eccrine sweat glands ikhona kulo lonke umzimba: ezintendeni, kwiintendelezo zeenyawo, izibopho kunye nebunzi. Ezi zihlunu zikhupha izinto zazo ngqo ebusweni besikhumba.
- Ukuvelisa ioli. Iingqungquthela ezixhambileyo zivelisa i- sebum okanye ioli. I-Sebum ikhusela ukukhula kwebhaktheriya elukhumbeni kunye neemeko iinwele kunye nesikhumba. Ukuba i-follicle apho izilwanyana ezinqabileyo zitholakala zivaliwe ngamafutha angaphezulu okanye iiseli zesikhumba efile, i-pimple iyaqhubeka.
- Izinwele ezikhulayo. Izintlu zezinwele zifumaneka kwi-dermis. Zonke iingcambu zengxowanxu zixhomekeke kwiimisipha ezincinci, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-arrector second muscles, ezivumelwano xa umzimba ubanda okanye usaba, kubangela i-goosebumps.
- Uvakalelwa. I-dermis igcwele ukuphela kwezibilini ezithumela iingcamango kwingqondo malunga nendlela izinto ezivakalelwa ngayo: ukuba into ethile iyabuhlungu, iyayifaka okanye ivakale.
- Ukuhambisa igazi. Iimitha zegazi zifumaneka kwi-dermis, ezondla isikhumba, zisusa iibisi. kwaye unikeze i-epidermis ngegazi.
- Ukukhusela wonke umzimba. I-dermis iqukethe i- phagocytes , eziyi-cells ezitya i-toxins ezinobungozi kunye nokungcola, kubandakanywa neebhaktheriya. I-dermis sele ikhusele umzimba, kodwa i-phagocyte inikezela ulongezo olongezelelweyo kwinto enobungozi engena kwi-epidermis.
- Ukunika isakhiwo sesikhumba ukuze sibe nesimo sayo - Uluhlu lobuncwane lujongene ne-turgor yesikhumba, esenza ngendlela efanayo njengoko isiseko sesakhiwo.
Ukusebenzisana Ne-Epidermis
Ngokungafani nemibandela yakudala eyayijonga iindawo zesikhumba nje nje njengesithintelo ngaphandle kwehlabathi, kungekhona nje ukuba idemisi inezinto ezinzima, kodwa i-dermis kunye ne-epidermis zihlala zidibanisa kunye noqhagamshelwano olulawula iinkqubo ezibalulekileyo zomzimba.
Iiseli kwi-epidermis zichaphazela i-dermis, kwaye kwakhona, (ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi efana neeseli zesisitragram ezikhupha ii-cytokines) zichaphazela ukubuyiswa kweeseli kwi-epidermis. Ngukusebenzisana kwezi zibini ezimbini, eqinisweni, ziphazamisekile kwezinye iimeko ezifana ne- psoriasis .
Inkqubo yokuguga
Xa ucinga malunga nesakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi wesikhumba unokuba uzibuza ukuba yini ebangela ukuba isikhumba sibe seminyaka-oko kubangelwa ukuphoqa. Kukho utshintsho olubalulekileyo kwesikhumba kunye nokuguga kuzo zonke iintlobo ezintathu zesikhumba sethu njengoko sikhula.
Uluhlu lwesigxina luba luncinci kunye nobudala kunye ne-collagen engaphantsi. U-Elastin uyaphuma-azincipha kangako njengoko i-stuck elastic in i-short shorts ingahle ilahleke. Yilokho ekhokelela ekubhakeni nasekugqibeleni.
Iingqungqungquthela ezixhambileyo zivelisa i-sebum encinci ngelixa iigulane zithukuthela zivelisa umqubuzana omncinci, zombini unomdla kwi-skin dryness.
Ummandla okanye umlinganiselo woqhagamshelwano phakathi kwedermisi kunye ne-epidermis nayo iyancipha. Oku kubangela ukuba igazi elingaphantsi lifumaneke kwi-dermis ukuya kwi-epidermis kunye nezondlo ezincinci ezenza oku kuluhlu lwangaphandle lwesikhumba. Ukuqhawulwa kwendawo edibeneyo kwenza ukuba ulusu lube lukhuni.
Izidumbu
Njengoko ukukhula okungavamile kwi-epidermis kunika i-cancer-ye-common-common-common-cancer, i-tumors ivela kumqolo wecala lonxweme. Olunye uhlobo lwesisu esiqala kwi-dermis kuthiwa yi- dermatofibroma (okanye i-histiocytoma ye-fibrous.) Ezi zicubu eziqhelekileyo zidla rhoqo kwimilenze yabasetyhini abaphakathi. Ayaziwa ukuba zeziphi izibilini, kodwa zivame ukulandela uhlobo oluthile lwexinzelelo.
Khuselo
Njengoko kubalulekile ukukhusela i-epidermis yakho ilanga elincinci, kubalulekile ukukhusela i-dermis yakho. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwelanga kwingozi ye-collagen (kwaye ibangela utshintsho kwi-elastin) engabangela ukugqabhuka kwangaphambili.
Imithombo:
Kumar, Vinay, Abul K. Abbas, uJon C. Aster, noJames A. Perkins. IiRobbins kunye neCotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier / Saunders, 2015. Print.