Ngaba inkqubela phambili kwisayensi yenza loo nto inokwenzeka?
Nsuku zonke ndibona izigulana ezilwa imfazwe ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuguga . Sifuna ukuhlala sisebenza kwaye sempilweni, kwaye ngokubaluleke kakhulu, singenakho intlungu. Sifuna ukuqhubeka nokwenza izinto esizithandayo ukuzenza, ezininzi zazo zifuna amalunga aphilileyo, kodwa silwa nomonakalo kunye nokuchithwa kwe-cartilage kumalungu ethu.
Ezo zonke izijikelezo kuthi, sibona imizekelo yabantu abenza imisebenzi engafanelekanga kude kube sekupheleni kwexesha lobomi.
Siyabona abantu beqhubela i-marathons, okanye bahamba ngekhosi yegalufa, kodwa amalunga ethu asiyi kusenza siqhubeke. Ndiyabona abaninzi abadlali abaneminyaka emancinci nabasemgangathweni abagcina umonakalo kumalungu abo, kwaye bakhathazeke ngefuthe elide lexesha elide lomonakalo kwaye ukuba kuthetha ukuba bakwazi ukuqhubeka le mi sebenzi iyancipha.
Umbuzo oza kuthi: yintoni esinokuyenza? I-cartilage iyancipha kwikhono layo lokuphulukisa okanye lokuvuselela, kodwa sidinga ixesha elide kunokuba lihlala njalo. Ngaba sinokuyenza nayiphi na into yokuvuselela ukuphilisa i-cartilage , okanye ukubuyisela umgca omtsha wokudibanisa amajoyina ethu? Ingaba iiseli zeempembelelo impendulo yokuguqula inkqubo yokuguga okanye ukulimala?
Iyintoni i-Cartilage kwaye Yenzakalisa njani?
I-cartilage luhlobo lweethambo ezixhamlayo emzimbeni. Kwamalungu ethu, sinemihlathi embalwa ye-cartilage, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo abantu babhekisela kumgca odibeneyo womnxeba obizwa ngokuba yi-articular okanye i-hyaline cartilage.
Olu hlobo lwe-cartilage lubeka uhla lwe-cushion ekupheleni kwethambo edibeneyo. Ezi zicubu zinamandla kakhulu, kodwa unako ukunyanzelisa nokufumana amandla. Kubuye kube lula kwaye kuthoba kwaye kuvumela ukudibanisa ukuba udibanise ngaphandle kokuhamba ngokubanzi.
Xa i-cartilage edibeneyo ibonakalisiwe, lo mgca wokuhlambulula umzimba ogqithisileyo ungadala.
Kwimeko yokulimala koluhlungu, ngamanye amaxesha amandla angamahlandla angabangela ukuba i-cartilage ichithe okanye iwonakalise, ibonise i-bone yangaphakathi. Kwimeko ye-osteoarthritis (ebizwa ngokuba yi-degenerative okanye i-arthritis). Ekugqibeleni, njengoko loo mkhumbi ubhinqa, ukunyakaza okuhlangeneyo kunokuba lukhuni kwaye lubuhlungu. Iimbumbano zinokutsha kwaye zivuvuke . Yaye njengoko le miqondiso ibuhlungu, ngokuqhelekileyo ubuhlungu kunye nokunciphisa kwintsebenzo kuba yingxaki.
Kukho unyango lomonakalo we-cartilage kunye ne-arthritis, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ezi zonyango zijoliswe ekukhuliseni iimpawu ngokucoca i-cartilage eyonakalisiweyo, okanye ukufaka endaweni yokubambisana kunye nokufakelwa okufakelwayo, ezifana nokuguqulwa kwamadolo okanye ukutyunjwa kwe- hip esikhundleni .
Unokwenza njani Amaseli ancedise Uncedo lwePilitile eyonakalisiweyo?
Iiseli zesitembu ziseli ezikhethekileyo ezinokukwazi ukuphindaphinda nokukhula zibe ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezicubu. Kwinqanaba lokuphuhliswa komntwana, iiseli ze-stem zininzi. Nangona kunjalo, ekukhuleni, iiseli ze-stem zikhawulelwe kwimisebenzi ethile yokuvuselela iintlobo ezimbalwa zeeseli, ezifana neeseli zegazi. Akunjalo ngokuqhelekileyo ukutshabalalisa iiseli ezitholakala kwiimpawu ze-cartilage, kwaye ngoko kukho amandla amancinci okuphilisa okanye ukubuyisela i-cartilage entsha.
Ngokuqhelekileyo ekusetyenzisweni kweengcali ze-orthopedic kunye neengxaki ezidibeneyo, iistim ze-stem zifumaneka kwimithombo yamaseli omdala ase- stem . Imithombo ephambili ngumongo wethambo kunye nezicubu ezinamafutha. La maseli avela anokukwazi ukuhlakulela kwiiseltilage zeeseli, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-chondrocytes. Bakubonisa ezinye iimpawu ezincedo ngokukhuthaza umzimba ukuba unciphise ukuvuvukala, ukuvuselela ukulungiswa kweseli kunye nokuphucula ukuhamba kwegazi. Le nkqubo ibangelwa ukuvalwa kwempawu zamaselula kunye nezinto zokukhula zokukhuthaza umzimba ukuba uqalise iinkqubo zokuphilisa.
Xa sele sele ifunyenwe iiseli, kufuneka zihanjiswe kwindawo yomonakalo we-cartilage.
Enye inketho kukuba ujobe iiseli ze-stem kwidibeneyo. Kuye kubekho uphando oluthile oluphanda ngoku oku, kwaye enye idatha ibonisa ukuphucula kwiimpawu. Ubuninzi bolu phuculo luyiphumo lokukhula kwe-cartilage kunye nezinye iziphumo zeeseli ezinama-stem (izakhiwo zokuphilisa ezibalwe apha ngasentla, kubandakanywa nemiphumo echasayo) ayiyazi.
Ingxaki ngokufaka ii-cell stem nje nje kuphela yilezi zicubu eziyinkimbinkimbi ezibandakanya ngaphezu kweeseli. Ukuze kulungiswe kwakhona i-cartilage, isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi se-cartilage kufuneka sakhiwe kwakhona. I-cartilage ivame ukuchazwa njengento ene-scaffold efana ne-collagen, i-proteoglycans, amanzi kunye neeseli. Injecting nje iistim ze-stem kucatshangelwa ukuba ayinakusebenza ekukhuthazeni ukubunjwa kwendawo yonke ye-cartilage.
Kukho uphando malunga neentlobo zee-3-dimensional scaffolds zenzelwe ukuba zibe ne-cartilage-like structure. Iiseli ezinamaqhina zinokuthi zijojowe kwi-scaffold, inethemba lokwenza ngcono kwakhona uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-cartilage. Ukushicilelwa kwe-three-dimensional ngokukhawuleza kube yinxalenye enomdla wololu hlobo lophando.
Ingaba i-Stem Cell Treatment Work Work Term-Term?
Kukho izifundo eziliqela ekusebenziseni amaseli alamandla okunyanga umonakalo we-cartilage kunye ne-arthritis. Uninzi lwezi zifundo lubandakanya idolo, kodwa zikhona iinkalo ezijonge kwi-ankle, emagxeni kunye namanye amanxeba. Uninzi lwalezi zifundo lisebenzisa iilenjini, njengoko i-scaffolds ezenziwe ngee-tissue zenziwe ziphuhliswa kwaye aziphandi kakuhle.
Kwinqaku elihle, ezi zihlandlo zivame ukubonisa ukuphuculwa kweempawu, ngeentlungu ezincinci kunye namanqaku asebenzayo aphuculweyo. Kwinqanaba elingaphantsi, ezininzi zezi zifundo zazincinci kwaye zaphela kuphela inyanga okanye iminyaka. Iimpembelelo zexesha elide zejoyi ze-cell sten aziphenywanga.
Oku kungenxa yokuba akukho mntu ukhangele kule miba, kodwa kunoko kuba ukuqokelela kwedatha yesikhathi eside kuthatha ixesha elide. Ngoko ke, mhlawumbi sishumi okanye ngaphezulu ukungazi ngokubanzi malunga nendlela oku kuchaphazela ngayo impilo yexesha elide lokubambisana.
Enye ingxaki enkulu ngeeninzi zezi zifundo kukuba azibonwanga ukuba zininzi, nokuba zikhona, zibhetele kunonyango olungapheliyo lwe-arthritis. Nangona abantu beba nophuculo olunezisele ze-stem, le nto ayinakuba yinto ehlukileyo kunezinye iindlela zokhathalelo ezinokuthi zikhuselekileyo kwaye zingabizi kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba i- cortisone idutshulwa okanye unyango lonyango lunempembelelo enobuncedo, ngaba kutheni inject yeyeza unyango olungakhange luboniswe ngcono?
Ekugqibeleni, kukho imibuzo ebalulekileyo malunga nokukhuselwa kwezonyango ze-stem cell. Kukho imibuzo evela kumsebenzi wokusebenza wamagciwane ukuguquka kakubi . Ingxenye yengxaki kukuba ezinye iintlobo zonyango lwama-stem ekhuselekile mhlawumbi zikhuselekile, ngelixa ezinye zibeka umngcipheko omkhulu, kodwa zonke zikwahlula njenge "stem cell treatments."
Kungaba nzima kubagulane ukuba bazi ukuba ukhusele kangakanani unyango abafumanayo. Ngaphambi kokuba siphucule ulwimi oluqhelekileyo malunga nokusetyenziswa kweeseli ezinamahlumela, kwaye siqonde ingozi kunye neenzuzo zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango lwe-stem cell, ngokukhawuleza ukuba la mayeza ahlolwayo acetyiswa ngokubanzi.
Ngaba Kufanelekile ukulindela?
Enye yeyona mibuzo eqhelekileyo ndiyayivela kubantu abaqwalasela amanyathelo alandelayo kunyango lwe-arthritis ukuba ngaba kulungile ukulinda unyango lwe-stem cell: ngaba kufuneka ndiyibeke endaweni yokubambisana kunye nethemba lokuba iiseli zijikeleze kwikona?
Oku akunakwenzeka. Mhlawumbi iiseli ziza kuba luncedo kuqala kubantu abalimalayo, kwaye bafuna ukukhusela ukubola kwe-cartilage kweso sidibaniso, kungekhona abantu abafuna ukubuyela kwi-cartilage entsha. Ngokomzekelo, umgijimi omncinci onomdla oqhelekileyo uncedisa ukulimala kwegilament kunye nomonakalo we-cartilage. Isakhiwo samadolo siqhelekileyo, kodwa i-cartilage yonakaliswe. Ithemba kukuba injecting cell cells zingabangela ukuba umzimba ulungise umonakalo phambi kokuba i-cartilage ingenakulungiswa.
Isi simo esivela kakhulu kumntu onokudibanisa kakubi okungahambisani nokulungelelanisa, engenazo i-cartilage, kwaye uye wavelisa ukukhubazeka okunjenge-spurs bone. Kule miba, ubuhle bama cell stem lunceda kakhulu nayiphi na ixesha elizayo kusondele. Sisekho indlela ende yokuhamba ngokwemiqathango yobunjineli beetyununu kunye nokunikezelwa kwee-cell stem ukwazi indlela yokubanceda abo bantu.
Okukwintsusa
Amaseli esitembu aqwalaselwa ngabaninzi ukuba yixesha elizayo lamathambo kunye nokuphilisa okuhlangeneyo. Sisaqala ukufunda indlela yokubambisa ubuchule beeselithi ze-stem ukulungisa nokubuyela kwi-cartilage. Nangona kukho uphando olukhuthazayo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuseneminyaka emininzi singakwazi ukuguqula umphumo we-arthritis kunye nomonakalo we-cartilage ngendlela eya kunceda abantu abaninzi.
Okwangoku, kukho ininzi esele ifundwe malunga neeseli ezinamabala. Asizi nje ngokwaneleyo malunga neengozi zonyango, inzuzo enokwenzeka, kwaye ukuba banikezela nayiphi na inzuzo ngaphezu kwezinye iindlela zonyango ezisetyenziswayo ngokulawulwa kweengxaki ze-cartilage kumalungu ethu. Okwangoku, yiyiphi umntu omnye ekubhekiselele kuyo ngokuthi "unyango lwe-cell stem" lungafani ngokupheleleyo nolunye. Ngoko ke, ukuthelekisa unyango, ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza nzima kunzima.
Ndiya kuncomela ukulumkisa okukhulu nomntu othembisa ukuphuculwa ngonyango usebenzisa iiseli ezinamafutha. Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuphathwa kweengxaki ze-stem zeengxaki ze-cartilage akubonakalwanga ukuguqula iziphumo ze-arthritis. Nangona uphando oluthile lubonisa ukuphuculwa kwekliniki, oku akukho ndawo ecaleni kwonyango kwimeko.
> Imithombo:
> LaPrade RF, Dragoo JL, Koh JL, Murray IR, Geeslin AG, Chu CR. "I-AAOS Research Symposium Updates kunye neMvumelwano: I-Biologic Treatment of Orthopedic Injuries" J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2016 Julayi; 24 (7): e62-78.
> ITuan RS, uKen AF, uKlatt BA. "I-cartilage kabusha" J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2013 ngoMeyi; 21 (5): 303-11.
> Saltzman BM, Kuhns BD, Weber AE, Yanke A, Nho SJ. "Iintsholongwane zee-Orthopediki: Isikhokelo esipheleleyo se-General Orthopedist" Am J Orthop. 2016 Julayi; 45 (5): 280-288, 326.