I-Anatomy neSebenzi yoLuhlu lwangaphandle lwePhumba
I-epidermis yindawo engaphezulu kwesikhumba. Ubungakanani be-epidermis buhluka ngoxhomekeke kwindawo apho emzimbeni. Kulo hlobo lwaso lwezintambo, olulinganisa isigamu semithamitha, kunye nendawo ephakamileyo kwiintende kunye neengqimba kwi-1.5 millimeters.
I-Anatomy Skin
I -anatomy yesikhumba inamalungu amathathu: i-epidermis, i-dermis, kunye nezicubu ezincinci.
Ezi ziqulatho zisekhaya zokukhupha izigulane, izilwanyana zeoli, izinwele zeentloko , umkhumbi wegazi kunye namanye amaseli omzimba omzimba.
Imisebenzi ye-Epidermis
I-epidermis yenza njengomqobo okhusela umzimba kwi-ultraviolet (UV) imisebe, imichiza eyingozi, kunye nezifo ezifana ne-bacteria, i-virus kunye ne-fungi.
Ngokomlando, kwacatshulwa ukuba umsebenzi we-epidermis kwakukulawula ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kunye nokukhusela umzimba kumonakalo owenzayo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, siyaqonda ukuba yinkqubo eyinkqubo ebalulekileyo indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenziseni indlela yokukhusela i-immune kwaye ijolise ekukhuseleni.
Kwi-epidermis kunamaqela amaninzi ahlukeneyo, aquka (ukusuka phezulu ukuya phezulu):
- Isiseko se-Stratum, esaziwa ngokuba yi-basal cell layer, yindawo ephakathi kwe-epidermis. Olu luhlu luqulethe iiseli ezisezantsi zeefom e-column ezihlala zihlukana kwaye ziqhutyelwa phezulu. I-basale ye-stratum ibuyele kwikhaya le- melanocytes elivelisa i-melanin (i-pigment ejongene nombala wesikhumba). Xa zibonakaliswe ilanga, i-melanocytes ivelisa i-melanin ngakumbi ukukhusela kangcono isikhumba kwi-UV exposure. Ukungavumelekanga ekuphuhlisweni kwezi seteli kunokukhokelela kwi- melanoma , uhlobo olufa kakhulu lomhlaza wesikhumba.
- I-Stratum spinosum ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-squamous cell layer, yindawo engqongqo ye-epidermis esecaleni kwinqanaba le-basal. Ezi ziqulethwe ngamaseli e-basal ayenzileyo kwiiseli ezinqambileyo, ezaziwa njengekeratinocytes. I-Keratinocytes inoxanduva lokuvelisa i-keratin, iprotheni ekhusela eyenza isikhumba, izipikili kunye neenwele. Uluhlu lwe-squam lubuyele kwiiseli zeLangerhans ezizibandakanya kwizinto zangaphandle njengoko zingene ngaphakathi kwesikhumba. Kukwaxanduva lokuqulunqa i- cytokines , uhlobo lweprotheni olukunceda ukulawula iimpendulo zomzimba.
- I-Stratum granulosum yenziwe ngama-keratinocytes ayenyuka kwi-squamous layer. Njengoko la maseli asondela kufuphi nesikhumba, aqala ukuthoba aze ahlangane kunye, ekugqibeleni omisa aze afe.
- I-Stratum corneum yindawo engaphezulu kwe-epidermis. Iqulethwe ngama-10 ukuya kuma-30 e-keratinocytes ezifile ezihlala zichithwa. Ukukhutshwa kwezi setye kuphungula kakhulu ngokudala. Intlawulo epheleleyo yee cell, ukusuka kwiseli ye-basal ukuya kwi-stratum corneum, ithatha iiveki ezine ukuya kweyesithupha kubantu abadala kunye neenyanga kunye nesiqingatha kubantu abadala.
- I-Stratum lucidum ikhona kuphela kwiintendelezo zezandla kunye neengcambu zeenyawo. Iqukethe ezine iindawo kuneendawo ezine eziqhelekileyo.
Iimeko ezibandakanya i-Epidermis
I-epidermis inokuchaphazeleka ngaphezu kokulimala. Olu luhlu lwangaphandle luxhomekeke kuzo zombini i-genetics kunye nemimoya yangaphandle efaka isandla ekuguga kwesi sikhumba. Ezi zinto zibandakanya ukutshaya, utywala kunye nokugqithisa okukhulu kwe-UV, konke okufaka isandla ekuphuhliseni imibimbi, i-sunspots kunye nokunganakali okwenziwe okanye ukunqunyulwa kwesikhumba.
I-epidermis yindawo apho kuvela khona i-rashes ne-blister, ebangelwa yiyo yonke into esuka kwiintsholongwane kunye nokunyuka kwezilwanyana kunye nezifo.
Kwakhona imvelaphi yezinto ezingekho ze-melanoma kunye ne-melanoma yesikhumba somhlaza, kwaye apho izifo ezithile ezifana nesifo sikashukela kunye ne- lupus zibonakalisa ngeempawu ze-dermatological.
Ukungena kwe-epidermis kunokubangela izifo ezo umzimba onokuzikhusela ngazo. Ezi ziquka izifo ezibangelwa zizilwanyana okanye izilwanyana, kunye nezo zifo ezifayo ezifaka umzimba ngenxa yezilonda ezivulekileyo, ukusika, ukuhlaselwa, okanye ukulimala kwesilingo.
> Umthombo
- > I-Tan, iS .; Roediger, B; kunye neWeninger, W. "Indima ye-Chemokines kwi-Cutaneous Immunosurveillance." Immunology kunye neBilo Biology . 2015; 93 (4): 337-46.