Ngaba Unokufumana I-Leukemia Kwi-Ionizing okanye engekho I-radiation Remote?
Ngaba ukutshatyalaliswa kwemisebe kungabangela i-leukemia? Ziziphi iintlobo zemisebe eziyingozi kwaye ungazi njani ukuba ukhuselekile?
Sibanzi
Izaphulo ziyakwazi kwaye zibangele i- leukemia , kodwa ngaphambi kokuba sitshwenyeke, siya kuthetha encinane malunga neentlobo zokutshatyalaliswa kwemisebe enokuba yingozi. Ezinye iintlobo zemizila eyaziwayo ziyaziwa ngumhlaza, ngelixa ezinye zingekho. Nsuku zonke imizimba yethu ivuleleke kwimisebe ye-ray-ray, izixhobo zokuxilonga ngeyeza, ii-microwaves, iifowuni zeefowuni, amaza emsakazo, kunye nemibala yelanga, kodwa kungekhona wonke umntu ozala i-leukemia.
Masiqale ngokuhlula iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemitha.
Iintlobo zeMitha
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zemizila:
- Imisebe engeyiyo ioniyo: - Olu hlobo lweemitha zomelelekile, kwaye yintoni ephuma kwifowuni yakho kunye nekhompyuter yakho. Nangona kukho iinkxalabo ezibangelwa yimisebe engeyiyo ioniyo, umzekelo, ingozi eyongeziweyo yeengxaki zeengqondo eziye zaphawulwa kubasebenzisi beefowuni ezisisindayo, umngcipheko we-leukemia uthathwa njengincinci kakhulu.
- I-radiation ye-ionizing: Olu hlobo lombane, ngakolunye uhlangothi, lunamandla amaninzi . Enyanisweni, unamandla okwaneleyo okuphula izibambane ezithile zeekhemikhali, ukususa i-electron kwi-athomu, kunye nokulimaza i-DNA kwiiseli zethu ezingakhokelela kumhlaza. Zonke iiseli emizimbeni yethu zenzakaliswa ngokubonakaliswa kwolu hlobo lwamayeza.
Imithombo yoLwazi oluHlangayo
Ukukhanya kwemisebe ijikeleze yonke indawo kwaye kungabangela umdlavuza. Imithombo ingaquka:
- Imisebe yonyango: ii-ray-ray, i-CT, i-PET i-scans, i-scans i-scans, i-mammograms kunye nokunye
- Imveliso yengcambu: ngokukodwa kwizinto ezinokusetyenziswa kwee-radioactive emhlabeni okhulayo
- Ukuqhekeka kwezinto ezichithwa ngama-radioactive edwaleni nasemhlabeni
- I-Radon: I-Radon yintsimbi engenabalabala, engenambala ekhutshwa yinto eqhelekileyo yokubola kwe-uranium emhlabathini phantsi kwezindlu zethu emakhaya ethu. I-Radon yimbangela yesibini yesikhokelo somdlavuza wamaphaphu emva kokutshaya, kodwa awaziwa ukuba yintoni inxaxheba yayo kwi-leukemia
- Ukuchithwa kwezemisebenzi ezifana nokumbiwa kwemigodi.
- Iingozi zenyukliya ezifana neChernobyl isityalo samandla enyukliya
- Iibhomu ze-atomic
Ukulinganisa Amanqanaba omlilo
Iingcali zenzululwazi zisebenzisa iimiqathango ezimbini eziphambili xa zixubusha amazinga okuchithwa kwemisebe ye-ionizing. Ezi zijongwa ngokulinganayo. I-millisievert (mSV) ne-milligray (mGy). Kulabo basebenzayo kwimisebenzi yokungena kwi-radiation, umda wokuchazwa ngu-50 mSv kunyaka o-1, okanye i-100 mSv ngaphezu kweminyaka emi-5 .
I-Leukemia kunye neNew radiation
I-leukemia yenye yezona ntlobo eziqhelekileyo zomhlaza ezikhula emva kokungena emzimbeni kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo zifunyanwe kwisithuba seminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwe-5. Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza, ezifana ne- myeloma , zingathabatha ixesha elide kwiminyaka eyi-15 ukuphuhlisa.
I-radiation ionizing ifunyenwe ibe ne-carcinogenic (okanye ibangela umdlavuza) kwiminyaka embalwa emva kokuba i-ray ray ifunyenwe. Oososayensi bokuqala baqala ukugcina ingqalelo yokugula phakathi kwabasebenzi be-radiation kwaye baqaphela ukuxhomekeka okucacileyo phakathi kokuchasana kwemitha kunye nomhlaza. Ngoku kutshanje, abantu abaninzi babonakaliswe kwimisebe ye-Hiroshima ne-Nagasaki ibhomu ye-athomu, abavukuzi base-uranium kunye nabantu abaye baphathwa kwiimeko zonyango basebenzisa i-radiotherapy baye bafundiswa ukuqinisekisa ukuxhamla.
I-Leukemia kunye neNyango yamayeza
Siyazi ukuba imitha yonyango ingakhokelela kumhlaza .
Uninzi lwexesha, nangona kunjalo, umngcipheko kakhulu kwaye uyamkeleka ngokupheleleyo xa kuthelekiswa neenzuzo.
Ininzi yolwazi lwethu luvela kulabo baye bafumana unyango lwe-radiation ngomhlaza . Ukunyangwa kwamayeza kwimeko enokuthi kunokwandisa umngcipheko we-leukemia ngaphantsi komgca, kodwa unokufumana uncedo olukhulu ekuphatheni umhlaza okwangoku.
Ukuxhalabisa xa kuthethwa ngeemvavanyo ezenziwa kubantu abaninzi - iimvavanyo ukuba kwezinye iimeko zinezinye iindlela (ezifana ne-ultrasound okanye i-MRI) ezingenayo ingozi yomhlaza wombane. Ukuboniswa kwimizila yonyango yonyango kuye kwanda kakhulu eMelika.
Ngomnyaka we-1982 umyinge waseMelika uboniswe kwi-0.5 mSv ngonyaka. Ngo-2006 oye wenyuka waba ngu-3.0 mSv ngonyaka - ukunyuka kwamaxesha angama-6 ekuchaseni kubangelwa ikakhulu kwimirhumo yonyango.
Okwamanje asikho ngokucacileyo indlela ukukhanya kweemitha ezivela kwiimvavanyo zokuxilongwa, kodwa uqikelelo lwenziwe ngokusekelwe kwiibhomu ze-bhomu. Ngokusekelwe kulolu hlalutyo, kucingelwa, ngokubhekiselele kwi-FDA, ukuba ukufikelela kwi-10 mSV kwandisa umngcipheko wokufa komdlavuza ngowama-1 ngo-2000 .
Kungekudala, kuye kwaba negalelo lokunciphisa inani leengxaki ezingekho mfuneko ze-CT, ngakumbi kubantwana, abathi ngenxa yobudala babo basemngciphekweni ophezulu ukusuka ekuvekeni. Qaphela le mibuzo ukuze ubuze ukuba umntwana wakho unokwenza i-CT scan . Ukuze ufumane ingcamango malunga nokukhanya kwemitha ungabonakaliswa kuwo, nantsi imizekelo:
- Indiza yendiza (imitha ye-cosmic radiation) - 0.005 mSV / iyure emoyeni
- I-xst ray yesihloko (2 imbono) - 0.10 mSV
- I-CT ye-Chest CT - 8.0 mSV
- I-CT yesisu ye-Abdominal - 10.0 mSv
- I-Mammogram - 0.7 mSV
Umgangatho okhuselekileyo wokubonakalisa?
Nangona iindawo ezinjengezo ezibonakaliswe kumazinga aphakamileyo emisebe ngexesha elincinci lifutshane, kulula ukulandelela nokufunda, izazinzulu ziyazi kakhulu ngengozi kubantu abavelele kumazinga aphantsi asemisebeni. Sonke sithotyelwe kumlinganiselo othile wemitha yonke imihla, kodwa sonke asifumani nomhlaza. Abaphandi abazi ukuba kuninzi kangakanani ukukhanya kweemitha kunye nawaphi amanqanaba acingelwa ukuba "ukhuselekile" ubuninzi bokungcola.
Imithombo:
American Cancer Society. Ngaba i-ray-ray ne-gamma ray zidala umhlaza? Ukuhlaziywa 02/24/15. http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancercauses/radiationexposureandcancer/xraysgammaraysandcancerrisk/x-rays-gamma-rays-and-cancer-risk-do-xrays-and-gamma-rays-cause-cancer
I-Djomina, E. kunye no-Barilyak, I. "Iziphumo zezoNyango kunye neeGenesis zeMiphumo yeMiphumo yamayeza" i- Cytology ne-Genetics 2010. (44) 186-193.
Arhente yo Khuselo. "Ukukhuselwa kwezizaziso" https://www.epa.gov/radiation#riskofcancer Ukuhlaziywa ngo-09/16/15.
Umbutho WezeMpilo Wehlabathi. (2006) "Iimpawu zeMpilo zeNkohlakalo yaseChernobyl kunye neNkqubo zoNonophelo lwezeMpilo ekhethekileyo" http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/43447/1/9241594179_eng.pdf Ifumaneka 03/05/16.
URarbro, J. Carcinogenesis. EYarbro, C., Frogge, M., Goodman, M. kunye no-Groenwald, i-eds (2000). Ubuncwane beCancer: Iimigaqo kunye ne-5 ed ed Jones kunye noBartlett: iSudbury: MA (iphe 48-59).