I-formaldehyde yinkomfa engenakubalabala, enefuthe elimachiza elingaqhelekanga elingaba nemifanekiso yokuchasana kwezikolo ze-frog kunye nezibilini, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwayo kwangaphambili njenge-agent agent. Xa zihlanganiswe emanzini, loo nto iya kuba yesikweni, i-chemical variation of formaldehyde.
I-Formalin yi-ejenti efunyenwe kwiibhubhoratri zonyango emhlabeni jikelele, njengoko "ilungisa" iisampuli zamathambo; iisampula ze-biologic zithi "i-formalin isigxina, iparafini ihlanganiswe" xa i-formalin yenza i-crossin links kwiiscupu ezigcina isampuli, kwaye i-parafini yokufakela izicubu isetyenziselwa ukunikezela ngokwaneleyo namandla kunye nokuvumela ukuba isampuli ibe lucwecwe kwaye lifakwe kwisilayidi sokubukela izinto ezincinci.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-formaldehyde kunye ne-formalin akukhawulelwanga kumachiza, nangona kunjalo, kwaye i-formaldehyde ixhaphake kakhulu kwimeko engaphezu komntu onokucinga. Uludwe olufutshane lweemveliso eziqulethwe okanye ezenziwe nge-formaldehyde zilandelayo:
- Ezinye izinto zokwakha, kuquka iimveliso ezikhuniweyo, ezifana ne-particleboard, plywood kunye ne-fiberboard
- Ezinye iiglues kunye ne-adhesives
- Izindwangu zokunyamezela ngonaphakade
- Iingubo zengubo zePhepha
- Ezinye izinto zokuqhawula
- I-fungicides ye-industrial, i-germicides, kunye ne-disinfectants
- Izindondolozo kwii-mortuaries kunye neebhubhoratri zonyango
I-formaldehyde nayo ivela ngokwemvelo kwimeko. Enyanisweni, iveliswa ngexabiso elincinci ngezinto eziphilayo njengenxalenye yesifo se-metabolism.
Kwakuqala Kuphi?
I-formaldehyde yaqala ukuthengiswa ngeJamani kuma-1880, emva koko eBelgium, eFransi nase-United States. Ngokomlando, i-formaldehyde yayisetyenziswa ngokuyinhloko njengendlela yokulondoloza unyango, okanye i-agent agent.
Namhlanje, ukusetyenziswa okunjalo kubonisa ngaphantsi kweepesenti enye yeepayi. Sebenzisa kwi-particleboard, eyaqala ngowe-1940 eJamani enye yeemfuno zamashishini zakuqala.
Yintoni Eyasetyenziswa Ngamhla?
Uqikelelo lokuba ngaphezu kwezigidi ezi-3.6 zezigidi zeetride ze-formaldehyde ngonyaka ziveliswa ngabakhiqizi baseYurophu bodwa, ukusetyenziswa kumashishini athile ahlukeneyo kubandakanya ukwakhiwa, imoto, iindiza kunye nokunakekelwa kwempilo.
Ngo-2012, i-China yayingumlimi omkhulu, olandelwa yi-US nakwamanye amazwe. Ukuveliswa kwe-formaldehyde yehlabathi kuqikelelwa ukuba kudlule ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-52 zeetrikri ngo-2017.
I-formaldehyde ine-abrasion ephezulu kunye neempawu ezinqande ukushisa, ngoko ke isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kweenxalenye ezininzi zeenqwelo zeenqwelo-moya eziquka izixhobo zokuhamba kweempahla, i-pake pads, i-door and windows window kunye nesithako kwi-injini yokucoca. Amanani amancinci ase-formaldehyde-based resins asetyenziswa kwishishini lokugaya iimpahla ukuze ancedise idayi efakwe kwiingubo kunye nokukhusela imibala ekusebenzeni xa iingubo zihlamba.
Abantu Bangabonakaliswa Njani Kwi-Ormaldehyde?
Ngokutsho kwe-American Cancer Society, indlela ebalulekileyo abantu abaye bayifumene ngayo kwi-formaldehyde ngukungcolisa, nangona kunjalo kunokwenzeka ukuba zivezwe ngesikhumba okanye ngokutya ukutya okanye ukusela utywala obuqulethe i-formaldehyde. I-formaldehyde edibana neyo kuthiwa yi-mucosa yokuphefumula, iiseli ezifaka emlonyeni, umphunga wempumlo kunye ne-airways, ingaqhekeka nge-enzymes ezinokuba ngaphantsi kweyesithathu zazo zingena kwigazi.
Umoya wangaphakathi kunye nomoya wangaphandle uqulethe ixabiso elincinane le-formaldehyde ngokuqhelekileyo. Ezi mali zivame ngaphantsi kwama-0.03 ngamalungu kwisigidi.
Ukukhishwa kweemoto ngumthombo omkhulu we-formaldehyde emoyeni wangaphandle, kanti amazinga ase-formaldehyde angaphandle afumana inkxaso evela kwizinto ezinjengeemveliso ezikhuniweyo zokhuni eziqukethe i-resine formaldehyde, izitofu zangaphakathi ezingenayo kunye nama-heaters heaters. Umsi wecuba ugqityiwe ngumthombo we-formaldehyde, kwaye ubuncinci olunye uphando lufumene amanqanaba aphezulu e-formaldehyde ebophelelwe kwi-DNA kumaseli amhlophe egazi abatshatshayo.
I-Formaldehyde ingabachaphazela njani i-General Health?
Abantu abaye bavezwa ngokungcoliswa kwamanqanaba kwi-0.0 ukuya ku-0.5 ppm baye bachazwa ukuba babe neengxaki zomlomo kunye neyesiso, iziphumo zegazi, kunye nomngcipheko ophezulu we-asthma kunye / okanye ukungabikho komzimba.
I-eczema kunye noshintsho kumsebenzi wamaphaphu liye lagcinwa kumanqanaba kwi-0.6 ukuya ku-1.9 iphem. Ubunzima bomzimba obuphantsi, izilonda zesisu, umonakalo wesibindi kunye neentliziyo zonakaliswe kwizilwanyana ezivezwe ngomlomo kwi-50-100 milligrams / kilogram / ngosuku (mg / kg / ngosuku) i-formaldehyde.
Ngaba I-Ormaldehyde Ingabangela I-Cancer?
Ngelishwa, impendulo yalo mbuzo ibonakala ibe "yebo" okwangoku. Okokuthi, amaqela ahlukeneyo ayaqaphela ukuba kunokukho umngcipheko othile wokuphuhliswa komhlaza ngenxa yokuchazwa kwe-formaldehyde, kodwa ubukhulu okanye ubungakanani balo mngcipheko awucacile. ISebe lezeMpilo kunye neeNkonzo zoLuntu (HHS) limiselwe ngo-2011 ukuba i-formaldehyde i- carcinogen yomntu eyaziwa ngokusekelwe kwizifundo zabantu.
Ngaba i-Formaldehyde Exposure exutywe kwiLukemia kunye namanye amaKhansela weGazi?
Nangona i-caveat efanayo ibonakala isebenza ngokuthe ngqo kwiisifo zomhlaza wegazi- ukuba umngcipheko wesifo somhlaza osuka kwi-formaldehyde ukuchaswa akungaziwa- i- leukemia , kwaye ngokukhethekileyo uluhlu lwe-leukemia ebizwa ngokuba yi- leukemia engumlonyeni , sele ikhankanywe ngaphezu kwemibutho embalwa ngokubambisana ne-formaldehyde exposure . Nantsi inkcazo yesishwankathelo malunga nomngcipheko ovela kwi-formaldehyde evela kwi-American Cancer Society:
Ukubonakaliswa kwe-formaldehyde kuboniswe ukuba kubangele umdlavuza kwizilwanyana zokuvavanya. Ukubonakaliswa kweemali eziphakamileyo ze-formaldehyde kwizicwangciso zonyango kunye nokusebenza kuye kwaxhunyaniswa kwezinye iintlobo zesifo somhlaza kubantu, kodwa isiphumo sokuchasana nemali encinci ayicacile.
I-ACS iphinda ithi iingxelo ezininzi ziye zafumanisa ukuba izigulane kunye nabaqeqeshi bezonyango abasebenzisa i-formaldehyde banomngcipheko ophezulu we-leukemia, kwaye ngokukodwa i-leukemia ye-myeloid: "Ezinye iziphumo zabasebenzi bezentengiselwano ezivelele kwi-formaldehyde zifumene ubungozi obuphezulu be-leukemia, kodwa azikho zonke izifundo ubonise ubungozi obandayo. "
Abaphandi beSizwe beCarcer Institute baye baphetha ngokuthi, ngokusekelwe kwidatha esuka kwizifundo kubantu nakwi-lebhu yophando, ukuvezwa kwe-formaldehyde kungabangela i-leukemia, ingakumbi i-leukemia ye-leememia, kubantu.
I-EPA yase-US ithi: "I-formaldehyde ingabangela ukucaphuka kwesikhumba, amehlo, impumlo, nomqala. Amanqanaba aphezulu okubhenca angabangela ezinye iindidi zeekresela. "I-arhente inika amazinga athile kunye nemilinganiselo malunga namazinga ase-formaldehyde kunye nobungozi:
- I-EPA yase-US inqume ukuba ukunyuswa kwe-formaldehyde ngamanzi okusela kwii-10 milligrams / litre (mg / L) kwi-1 ngosuku okanye 5 mg / L ngeentsuku ezili-10 alindeleke ukuba kubangelwe nayiphi na imiphumo emibi kubantwana.
- I-EPA iye yaqinisekisa ukuba ukunyanzeliswa kwexesha lokuphila kwi-1 mg / L ye-formaldehyde ngamanzi okusela akulindeleke ukuba kubangele nayiphi na imiphumo emibi yempilo.
Ezinye i-arhente zibuye zigwebe kwi-exposeddehyde ukuchasana:
- I-Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) inciphisa ukutyhila kwabasebenzi kumyinge we-0.75 iphem ngeentsuku eziyi-8 zomsebenzi, iiyure ezingama-40 zomsebenzi.
- Isebe leZindlu lezeMakhaya laseMelika kunye noPhuhliso lweMihlaba (HUD) libeke imigangatho yokukhishwa kwe-formaldehyde kwizindlu ezakhiweyo ezingaphantsi kwe-0.2 ppm yeplywood kunye ne-0.3 ppm yebhodi leendidi. Iimilinganiselo ze-HUD zenzelwe ukubonelela ngezinga eliphezulu lomoya elingu-0.4 iphem okanye ngaphantsi kwezindlu ezakhiweyo.
Izifundo Zama Ukuziphatha Kwimiba Yegalelo Igazi
Ukuba ngokwenene kunjalo ukuba i-formaldehyde inegalelo kumngcipheko we-leukemia, ngoko mhlawumbi kukho indlela eyenzeka ngayo izazinzulu. Leyo yayiyiyona nto ibangela ukuqhutyelwa kwiphononongo kwiphepha leMeyili ka-2017 leeMvavanyo eziPhambili kwi-Toxicology ehlolisise umphumo we-formaldehyde ukuchasana kwimpilo yabasebenzi abakhankanywe kwi-formaldehyde kwenye yeevenktri ezimbini basebenzisa okanye bakhiqiza i-formaldehyde-melamine resins eChina.
Iziphumo zangaphambili zifumene ukuba ukutyhila okunjalo kubangela ukulimala kwiiseli ezenza igazi kwi-bone lomnatha. Kwisifundo samanje, abaphandi bazama ukuseka ubukho beenguqu ezithile zamaseli egazi ezimhlophe ngokuphendula kwi-formaldehyde exposure. Akwazanga ukubonisa ukungafani kwiseli elimhlophe legazi, igranulocyte, iplatelet, kunye nobalo obomvu obuninzi obuxhomekeke kumanqanaba e-formaldehyde. Phakathi kwabasebenzi be-formaldehyde-exposed, akukho mbutho wawuboniswa phakathi kohlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-formaldehyde lokuqikelela ukuhlalutya kunye nokuphindaphinda kwenani le-chromosomes kwiiseli. Olu pho nonongo alubonakalisi ukuba i-formaldehyde ikhuselekile, kodwa kunokuba nayiphi na ingozi eyingozi ye-formaldehyde ayibonakali ibangelwa ngenguqu kwinombolo ye-chromosome, ubuncinane kungekho kwiiyovavanyo ezivivinywe.
ILizwi
Nangona izazinzulu ziqhubeka nokuzama ukuqonda ingozi echaphazelekayo ekuchaseni i-formaldehyde, kukho ezinye izinto ongayenza ekhaya ukuze uzame ukunciphisa ukukhanya kwakho. I-EPA icebisa ukusebenzisa "imveliso yangaphandle" kwimveliso yeenkuni ezikhuniweyo nakwii-house. Kubonakala ukuba le mveliso ikhupha i-formaldehyde encinane ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali asetyenzisiweyo.
Unokuphinda ubuze malunga nomxholo we-formaldehyde kwindawo yokuthenga-xa uthengisa iimveliso ezikhuniweyo ezibandakanya izinto zokwakha, ikhabhinethi, kunye nefenitshala, njl njl.
Amanqanaba e-formaldehyde angancinwa ngokungavumi ukutshaya ngaphakathi. Ufuna kwakhona ukuqinisekisa ukuphucula umoya. Kwaye into enokucinga ngayo xa ukulungiswa kakuhle kwe-thermostat yakho kukuba amazinga okushisa aphantsi kunye nokunciphisa amanqanaba okunyusa akhuthazwa. Abanye abantu bagcina imali ngokungazipholisa indlu xa bengahambi, kodwa awufuni ukuvumela amaqondo okushisa ekhaya ukuba abe kakhulu.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Cancer Society. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancer-causes/formaldehyde.html
> Mundt KA, Gallagher AE, Dell LD, et al. Ngaba i-formaldehyde eyenziwa ngumsebenzi kubangelwa ukuba i-hematotoxicity kunye ne-leukemia-i-chromosome ethile iguqulwe kwii-cell progenitor cells ezikhulayo? Crit Toxicol . 2017 Meyi 2: 1-11.
> I-ToxFAQs TM ye-Formaldehyde. https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaqs/tfacts111.pdf