Iintlobo ze-Leukemia kunye neengozi eziqhelekileyo
Sibanzi
I-leukemia yisifo esichaphazela iiseli ezenza igazi emzimbeni. Isimo somhlaza esichazwe yintsizana yamaseli omhlophe angavamile emzimbeni. I-leukemia iqala emnzini wethambo kwaye isasazeka kwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Bobabini abantwana kunye nabantu abadala bangahlakulela i-leukemia.
Iintlobo
I-leukemia ingahlukaniswa kwiindidi ezine ezahlukeneyo.
Ikwahlula kuqala njengeyinto eqhelekileyo okanye engapheliyo kwaye ihlelwe njengokuba i-myelogenous okanye i-lymphocytic.
I-Acute leukemia
Kwi- leukemia engapheliyo , iiseli ze-leukemia zivela kwiiseli ezivuthiwe, ezingaqhelekanga. Ezi khansela zivame ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kunokuba i-leukemia ephawulekayo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i- leukemia ephucukileyo , iqala ukususela ekuqaleni, iiseli ezifayo, ezibizwa ngokuthi "ukuqhuma." Ezi ncinane zeeseli zihlukana ngokukhawuleza kwaye ezi ngqayi zikhula ngokukhawuleza ngaphezu kweeukemia ezingapheliyo.
Myelogenous vs. Lymphocytic
I-Leukemias ikwahluke ngohlobo lomgca weseli abafumana kuwo.
I-leukemia ye-Myelogenous ivela kwiiseli ze-myeloid . Esi sifo sinokugula okanye sisigxina, esibizwa ngokuba yi-leukemia engapheliyo (i-CML) kunye ne-lemonemic acute leukemia (CML). Zininzi iintlobo ze-leukemia ye-myelogenous.
I-leukemia ye-lymphocytic ivela kwiiseli kwi- cell lymphoid linelayini yegazi. Esi sifo sinokuba sisifo esibi okanye esingapheliyo, esibizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza we-lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) kunye ne-acute lymphocytic leukemia (AML).
Zininzi iintlobo ze-leyemia ye-lymphocytic.
Ukuba ufuna ulwazi ngolunye uhlobo lwe-leukemia,
Izizathu kunye neengozi
Nangona singazi kakuhle oko kubangelwa i-leukemia, abaphandi baye bafumanisa izinto ezinobungozi.
Ezinye zezo zinto zibeka umngcipheko weengcambu ezithile, umzekelo, i-leukemia engapheliyo ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abadala, ngelixa i-leukemia i-lymphocytic ixhaphake kakhulu kwizingane. Abo basengozini ye-leukemia bangaquka:
- Abantu abadala kuneminyaka engama-60, kodwa inokwenzeka kubantu abancinci
- Abantu abavuthayo (ubuncinci nge-leukemia engumlonyeni)
- Abantu abaye bafumana ikhemotherapy yangaphambili okanye unyango lwe-radiation
- Abantu abanentsholongwane yesifo se-T-cell leukemia virus, intsholongwane echaphazela ii-T-iseli ezazisasazwa ngokwabelana ngesirinji kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukujoba iziyobisi; ngegazi; ngoqhagamshelwano ngesondo; kunye nomama ukuya kumntwana ekuzalweni okanye ngokuncelisa
- Abantu abane- myelodysplastic syndrome , ingxaki yegazi
- Abantu abane- Down syndrome
- Abantu abanembali yentsapho yama-leukemi kunye ne-lymphomas
Iimpawu
Izimpawu ze-leukemia zenzeke ngokukhawuleza okanye ngokuthe ngcembe. Iimpawu zibanzi, kodwa kukho impawu ezithile ze-leukemia ukugcina iliso liphuma kulo:
- Fever
- Izifo ezifayo
- Ukuqhwala ngokweqile
- Ukukhathala
- Ukunganyamezeli komzimba
- Iintlungu zesisu, okanye uvakalelwa ngokupheleleyo
- Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esingenziyo
- Ukuphuma ngegazi
- Ukwandiswa kwe- lymph nodes ipere kunye / okanye isibindi
- Ubuthathaka
Ukuxilongwa
Ugqirha unokukrokrela ukuba une-leukemia emva kokugqiba umzimba okanye xa ubika ukuba ufumana iimpawu ze-leukemia.
Kukho imeko xa i-leukemia ikhunjulwa kwiziphumo zeemvavanyo zegazi ezenzelwe ezinye izizathu. Kukho iimvavanyo ezininzi ugqirha ongazisebenzisa ukuxilonga i-leukemia , ukusuka kwiimvavanyo zegazi ukuya kumathongo omgudu.
Uvavanyo lweMzimba . Ngethuba lovavanyo lomzimba, ugqirha unokujonga iimfucu, i-lymph nodes ezikhukhumele kunye nezinye izinto ezingekhoyo okanye iimpawu ze-leukemia. Ingxelo yonyango epheleleyo iya kuthathwa kwaye isigulane sinokubika ingxelo ye-leukemia okanye nayiphina impawu okanye umngcipheko.
Uvavanyo lweGazi. Iimvavanyo zegazi, ezifana nokubala okupheleleyo kwegazi (CBC) ziyakwazi ukubona i-leukemia. I-CBC ibeka inani lamaseli obomvu, iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe kunye neeplatelet.
- I-blood smear ye-Peripher - igqiba ubukho bentsholongwane kunye nokutyhila uhlobo kunye nobukhulu beeseli ezimhlophe zegazi
- Uhlalutyo lwe-Cytogenic - luvavanyo lwegazi apho isampula yegazi ihlolwe ukujonga utshintsho kwii-chromosome ze-lymphocytes
- Ezinye iimvavanyo zegazi ezahlukeneyo - ezinye iimvavanyo zegazi zinokuyalelwa ukuba zibone indlela amalungu asebenza ngayo kwaye ukuba achaphazeleka yi-leukemia
Biopsy. I-biopsy yinkqubo apho isampula yamaseli isuswa emzimbeni ukuba ihlolwe ngumhlaza. I-bone marrow biopsy isetyenziselwa ukuxilonga i-leukemia. Inkunzi enkulu yokuzala inaliti ifakwe kwi-hip okanye, ngokungafanekiyo, ithambo lesifuba kunye nesampula lesithambo lisuswe kwaye umongo wethambo unqwenela. Izinto ziza kuhlolwa ngophando lwezilwanyana. I-lymph node biopsy nayo ingenziwa ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwe-leukemia elikhanyelayo.
I-Lumbar Ukutshintshwa / Umtya we-Spinal Tap. Ukugqitywa kwesibhakabhaka okanye umpompo ongeyomnxeba unokwenziwa ukuze uhlolisise i-leukemia. Ngaphantsi kwee-anesthetic zendawo, ixabiso elincinci lomkhuhlane lomkhuhlane lisuswa kwiindawo eziphakathi kwe-vertebrae emgodini. I-fluid ihlolwe ngoko-pathologist.
Unyango
Unyango lwe-leukemia uhluka kakhulu kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-leukemia kunye nesigaba sesifo. Iinyango zihlala ziquka ukudibana kweendlela.
Chemotherapy. I-Chemotherapy yindlela yokusebenzisa iziyobisi ezibulala iintsholongwane zomhlaza okanye ukuthintela iiseli ukuba zihlukane. I-Chemotherapy inokunikezwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo , kunye ne-IV kunye neepilisi eziqhelekileyo. Uhlobo lwe-chemotherapy olunikezwa luxhomekeke kwisigaba kunye nohlobo lomhlaza.
Utyando lweyeza. Ukunyanga kwamayeza kusetyenziswa iintlobo ezithile zamandla ukubulala amaseli omhlaza kunye nokuhlaziya izicubu. Amandla angaba ngamagagasi okanye iindidi ezinjengeeponon, i-elektrononi, ii-ray kunye nemibala ye-gamma.
Uphilo lweBioologic. Ulwaphulo lwe-biologic lonyango olusebenzisa ulwazi oluthile lomhlaza ukuba lususe. Izinto ezenziwe ngumzimba okanye ezenziwe kwibhubhoratri zisetyenziselwa ukukhulisa, ukuqondisa okanye ukubuyisela ukukhuselwa komzimba ngokumelene nomhlaza okanye ukuvala ngokucacileyo ukwahlula kwayo.
Ukuhlinzwa. Ukutshatyalaliswa kokutshitshiswa kwepeni kuyindlela yokwenza unyango lwe-leukemia engapheliyo. I-spleen iqokelela iiseli ze-leukemia, kwaye ziqokelela, zenza ukuba ipeni ikhulise. I-spleen ekhulisiweyo ingabangela iingxaki ezininzi.
Igazi lePeripheral stem cell transplant okanye ithambo lokutshiza umongo. Ukutshintshwa kwe-cell stem yinkqubo yokubuyisela imveliso yomncedi eqhelekileyo eyonakaliswe unyango ngamayeza aphakamileyo eziyobisi okanye i-radiation. Ukutshintshwa kwezityalo kungabi yi-autologous (amaseli omntu ngamnye agcinwa ngaphambi kokuba unyango), i-allogeneic (iisundu ze-stem zinikwe omnye umntu) okanye i-syngeneic (iisundu ze-stem ezinikelwe ngedini elifanayo).
Thintelo
Ngelishwa, akukho zixhobo zokukhusela i-leukemia. Okudabukisayo ngakumbi, ezininzi izinto ezinobungozi azinakuphetshwa njengakwezinye iintlobo zomhlaza. Akunakukuphepha ukuguga okanye nokuba nemiqathango efana ne-Down's Syndrome. Kukho izinto ezinobungozi esinokuziphepha eziza kunceda ekunciphiseni i-leukemia yengozi, njengokungabikho ukutshaya. Ukuba utshaya ugwayi, ngoku yisikhathi sokuyeka. Ukutshaya kukubeka engozini kwiintlobo ezininzi zomhlaza, kubandakanya i-leukemia engummangaliso. 1 kuzo zonke iimeko ezine ze-AML zidibene nokutshaya.
Ukunciphisa ubume bakho kwi-benzene kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokuphuhlisa i-leukemia. I-Benzene yintlobo yeekhemikhali ngemveliso yamalahle kunye nepetroleum, esetyenziswa ngokuyinhloko i-petroli. Ikwaqulethwe kwezinye izinto ezifana neepende, i-solvents, iiplastiki, i-pesticides kunye ne-detergents. Abantu abasebenza ekuveliseni le mveliso banokubeka ingozi kwi-leukemia .
Imithombo:
National Cancer Institute. I-Leukemia - I-Health Professional Version (PDQ). http://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp