I-Philadelphia Chromosome

I-chromosome yeFiladelphia yinto efunyenweyo kwiijethi zeeseli zamhlophe zegazi-ukufumana oku kunentsholongwane ye-leukemia. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuvela ngokubhekisela kwi "Philadelphia chromosome-positive leukemia."

Ngokukodwa, i-leukemia ingabizwa ngokuthi "i-Philadelphia-chromosome-positive (Ph +) engapheliyo ye-leukemia " (CML) okanye "Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph +) i-lymphoblastic leukemia" (YONKE).

I-Chromosome ibuyisela kwakhona

Kwi-nucleus yesellu nganye, i-molecule ye-DNA ifakwe kwi-structures ezifana ne-chromosomes. I-chromosome nganye yenziwe i-DNA ivalwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo-ngamaxesha amaninzi-malunga neeprotheni ezibizwa ngokuba ngama-histones. Ngaphandle kokuba iseli ihlula ezimbini, i-chromosomes ayibonakali ngaphakathi kwe-nucleus-ingekho phantsi kwe-microscope. Kungenxa yokuba kwiseli engahluliyo, i-DNA ayixhasi kwaye ihambe ngokucokisekileyo, ekubeni isetyenziswe kwiseli kwiindawo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, i-DNA eyenza i-chromosomes igxininiswa kakhulu ngexesha lohlulo lweseli kwaye ibonakala phantsi kwe-microscope njenge-chromosome.

I-chromosome nganye inesimo sayo, kwaye indawo yeendawo eziphilayo zifumaneka kwi-imeyli ye-chromosome. Xa zonke izinto eziphathekayo kwiiseli zomntu zihlanganiswa, kukho iiyunithi ezingama-23 zama-chromosomes, malunga nama-chromosomes angama-46 kwiseli nganye.

Enyanisweni, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezityalo kunye nezilwanyana zinemibolo ehlukeneyo yeekromosomes. Isiqhamo sesibhakabhaka, umzekelo, sinamaqabane amane e-chromosomes, ngelixa irayisi isine-12 kunye nenja, 39.

I-Philadelphia Chromosome

I-chromosome yeFiladelphia inebali kunye nesimo, kodwa ngeenjongo ezithile, inokuchazwa njengento engafaniyo ye-chromosome 22 apho inxalenye ye-chromosome 9 idluliselwa kuyo.

Ngamanye amazwi, isiqwenga se-chromosome 9 kunye nesiqwenga se-chromosome 22 siphume kwaye sithengise indawo. Xa lo shishino lwenzeka, lubangela ingxaki kwiijethi - i-gene ebizwa ngokuthi "bcr-abl" yenziwa kwi-chromosome 22 apho isiqwenga se-chromosome 9 sidibanisa. Ukutshintsha kwe-chromosome 22 kuthiwa yi-Philadelphia chromosome .

Iilomnyo zomnxeba eziqulethe i-chladosome yaseFiladelphia zivame ukufumaneka kwi-leukemia engapheliyo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zifumaneka kwi -leukemia ye-lymphocytic . Nangona i-chromosome yeFiladelphia idla ngokucatshangelwayo malunga ne-CML kunye NONKE, ingafumaneka nakwezinye iimeko, ezifana "nokutshintshwa kwe-Philadelphia," kunye ne "Philadelphia chromosome-negative negative chyelo disease".

Ngoko uyabona, i-chromosome yeFiladelphia yintshintsho ethile yezofuzo eziye zaba uhlobo oluphawulekayo kumachiza, luncedo ekufumaneni i-cancer ethile ngokufumaneka kwayo, kunye nezinye i-kansa ngenxa yokungabikho kwayo.

Njengengxenye yovavanyo lwabo, oogqirha baya kukhangela ubukho be-chladosome yeFiladelphia ukunceda ukuba isigulane sichaphazeleke kwiintlobo ezithile ze-leukemia.

I-chromosome yeFiladelphia itholakala kuphela kwiiseli zegazi ezichaphazelekayo. Ngenxa yomonakalo kwi-DNA, i-chromosome yaseFiladelphia ibangela ukuveliswa kwe-enzyme engavamile ebizwa ngokuba yi-tyrosine kinase.

Ngaphandle kwezinye izinto ezingaqhelekanga, le-enzyme ibangela ukuba iseli somhlaza likhule lingalawulekiyo.

Oogqirha baya kukhangela ubukho bezinto eziqhelekileyo xa bavavanya iisampuli kwi- bone marrow inxuwa kunye ne-biopsy ukukunceda ukuxilongwa ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukuchongwa kwe-chromosome yaseFiladelphia kwiminyaka yama-1960 kubangele ukuqhubela phambili kwiinkqubo ze-CML. Oku kwabeka isiseko sonyango olutsha lwe-CML ebizwa ngokuthi "tyrosine kinase inhibitors," njengeGleevac (imatinib mesylate) kunye ne-Sprycel (dasatinib).

Kutshanje, u-Tasigna (nilotinib) uvunyiwe ukuba aphathe abantu abadala abasanda kuxilongwa ngokuba yi-Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph +) i-CML kwisigaba esingapheliyo.

I-Nilotinib ikwaqwalaselwa kwakhona njenge-tyrosine kinase inhibitor.

_Imithombo

_{UGoldman, J. kunye noDaley, uG. (2007). Lelekemia engapheliyo. Ngo-Melo, J., noGoldman, J. (Eds.) Ukuphazamiseka kweMyeloproliferative (pp.1-13). Inew york. Springer.}

_{USherbenou, D. kunye noDruker, B. "Ukusebenzisa ukufunyanwa kwe-chromosome yaseFiladelphia" Umbhalo woPhando lwezonyango ngo- Agasti 2007 117: 2067-74.}

_{Adamson PC. Ukuphucula iSiphumo sabantwana abane-Cancer: Ukuphuhliswa kweeNgcaciso ezitsha ezijolisiweyo. CA Cancer J Clin. 2015; 65 (3): 212-220.}

_{Nowell PC. Ukufumanisa i-chromosome yaseFiladelphia: indlela yokuzijonga ngayo. Umbhalo woPhando lweZliniki. 2007; 117 (8): 2033-2035.}