I-Chromosome Translocations kwi-Leukemia kunye neLymphomas
Sibanzi
Utshintshelo luhlobo olutshintsho olungavumelekanga kwisakhiwo se-chromosome eyenzekayo xa inxalenye yekromosome enye iphuma kwaye ibambe kwenye i-chromosome. Ezi "zinguqulelo" ziyimbangela ebalulekileyo yeentlobo ezininzi ze- lymphomas kunye nama-leukemi .
Isiganeko
Ama-chromosomes ethu agcina yonke i-genetic ulwazi esiyifumana kubazali bethu. Sineesethi ezingama-23 zama-chromosomes - isethi e-1 ukusuka koomama bethu kunye no-1 kusekwa koobawo-malunga nama-chromosomes angama-46 kuwo wonke.
Kwi-chromosome ngayinye ngamakhulu amajelo omzimba ngamnye ekhowudi yonke into evela kumbala wamehlo ethu kwiiprotheni ezilawula ukwahlula kweeseli emzimbeni wethu.
Xa iiseli zethu zahlula, ikopi yesibili yee-chromosomes zethu zenziwe. Ngamanye amaxesha le nkqubo ihamba kakuhle, kwaye inxalenye yecandelo le-chromosome ingagqiba iqhotyoshelweyo kwenye i-chromosome.
Xa sithetha ngeenguqu zofuzo kumhlaza, kunokudideka kakhulu, ngoko sifuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuhlukana omnye kucacile kwangoko. Olunye utshintsho lwezofuzo lunikezelwe kwaye lubizwa ngokuba yi-germ line changes , uhlobo lotshintsho okanye ezinye iinguqu zofuzo onalo ekuzalweni, kodwa utshintsho oluninzi lwezofuzo oluza kuluva malunga nolunye utshintsho oluthile okanye oluthile oluthile - ukutshintshwa kweenguqu kunye nokutshintshwa kwemvelo okwenzeka emzimbeni wakho emva kuzalwa kwaye kamva ebomini.
Iintlobo
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zokuthunyelwa kweendawo.
- Ukuhanjiswa ngokulinganiselayo - Kwiindawo ezihamba ngokulinganiselayo, iindawo ezilinganayo ze-chromosomes ezimbini zitshintshiselwa, ngoko akukho ncazelo engaphezulu okanye engekhoyo yofuzo.
- Ukungahambisani nokungalinganiswanga - Kwi-translocation engalinganiyo, ukutshintshisana kubandakanya izilinganiso ezingafaniyo ze-chromosome kwaye zikhokelela kwiijethi ezingaphezulu okanye ezingekhoyo.
Ukutshintshiselwa kwezinto kuboniswe ngokusebenzisa ibhokisi elingaphantsi "t" kunye nama-chromosomes amabili abandakanyekayo kubakaki. Ngokomzekelo, ukudluliselwa phakathi kwama-chromosomes 9 kunye ne-chromosome 22 kuya kuboniswa ngu-t (9; 22).
Umbutho weCarcer
Ukutshintshiselwa kohlobo luhlobo lokulimala okungokwemvelo olungenza ukuba umzi oqhelekileyo ube ngumgubo obangela umdlavuza. Oososayensi abazi kakuhle oko kubangela ukuba utshintsho lwe-chromosomal lwenzeke, kodwa ezinye izinto ezibeka ingozi ekuphuhliseni i-lymphomas kunye ne-leukemia ziyaziwa, kwaye ukunyanzeliswa kwemvelo kungabandakanywa kwimonakalo yemvelo. Ezi zinguqu zinokuthi zenzeke xa i-DNA kwiiseli zethu iwonakaliswe yi-toxin okanye intsholongwane yentsholongwane. Nangona kunjalo, zinokuvela ngenxa ye "mpazamo" kwinkqubo eqhelekileyo yokwahlukana kweseli, kwakhona. Ekubeni iiseli zethu zahlula kwixesha lethu lobomi, ithuba lokuba "impazamo" kwisahlulo iya kwenzeka yandisa abadala. Oku kucatshulwa ukuba yenye yezona zizathu zokuba ezininzi iintsholongwane zixhaphakile kakhulu.
Ukuqonda indlela ukuhanjiswa kwezinto ezithintela ngayo ingozi yomhlaza kunokunceda ukuqonda okufutshane malunga nendlela ukuguqulwa kwemfuza kunye nokuguqulwa komzimba kubangelwa ngumhlaza . Kucingelwa ukuba ukuhanjiswa kwendawo kungasebenza ngokuguqula i-oncogenes (i-genetic causes of genes), okanye ngokuguqula izakhi zegciwane ezixhasayo kwi-position. Izidalwa zengcinezelo zengxowankulu zineengqungquthela ezikunceda ukulawula amanyathelo omnxeba apho, xa kungabikho kolawulo, kunokukhokelela kumhlaza; ngokuqinisekileyo benza njengendlela yokuqhekeza emotweni, ngelixa i-oncogenes isebenza ngokungathi i-accelerator egcinwe kwisikhundla.
Ngokona nxalenye enkulu, ukuhanjiswa kwezinto ezibangelwa i-leukemias kunye ne-lymphomas kubangelwa ukuguqulwa kwe-DNA, kodwa oku akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukuhlanganiswa kweenguqu zofuzo kunokuba enye okanye ezimbini ezibangelwa ngumhlaza, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, ezinye zeenguqu zenzeka ngaphambi kokuzalwa. Ngokomzekelo, kwabanye abantwana abanomdlavuza we-lymphocytic acute, iinguqu zokuqala zentsholongwane zenzeka xa umntwana esesesibelethweni.
Iidumbu zegazi (i-Leukemi neLymphomas)
Ukuthunyelwa kwe-Chromosomal kudlala indima enkulu kwiidlingozi zegazi. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ukuhanjiswa kwezinto kubakho kwi- 90% ye-lymphomas kunye ne- 50% ye-leukemi.
Ezinye iinguqu ezithintekayo ezibandakanyekayo kwiidlingozi zegazi ziquka:
- t (8; 21) - I-leyemia ye-myeloblastic ehambelana nokukhula
- (9; 22), wazi " njenge- Philadelphia Chromosome" - I-leukemia engapheliyo ye-leememia (CML) kunye ne- Acute lymphocytic leukemia (YONKE)
- (15; 17) - I-leukemia ye-promyelocytic (APL)
- t (12; 15), t (1; 12) - I-leukemia (i-AML)
- (2; 5) - I- Anaplastic enkulu yeli cell lymphoma
- t (8; 14) - iLymphoma yeBurkitt
- (11; 14) - I- cell ventic lymphoma
- (14; 18) - I- lymphoma yesigxina
ILizwi
Oogqirha bafumanisa i-chromosome translocation xa benza uhlalutyo lomzimba lweesampuli ze-biopsy. Ezi ziphumo zihlala zikunceda nje kuphela ukufumanisa isifo, kodwa nokucwangcisa unyango kunye nokuqikelela iziphumo zonyango. Ezinye iindawo zokuthutha, ngokomzekelo, zinokuba zibonakalisa izifo ezingaphenduliyo kakhulu kwi-chemotherapy. Nangona kunjalo, umntu ngamnye uhlukile, kwaye abantu ababini abanokufuduka ngokufanayo bangaba neziphumo ezahlukileyo.
Imithombo:
American Cancer Society. Ngaba siyazi ukuba yini ebangela i-non-Hodgkin's lymphoma? Ukuhlaziywa 01/22/16. http://www.cancer.org/cancer/non-hodgkinlymphoma/detailedguide/non-hodgkin-lymphoma-th-causes
National Cancer Institute. I-Acute Lymphoblastic Treatment Leukemia - I-Health Professional Version (PDQ). Updated 12/10/15. http://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp/child-all-treatment-pdq#link/_67_toc
UNambiar, M., no-S. Raghavan. I-DNA iyaphula njani ngexesha lokudluliselwa kwe-chromosomal? UPhando lweNucleic Acid . 2011. 39 (14): 5813-5825.