Iinkcukacha malunga neQumrhu Elikhulu kunazo zonke
Ikhumba liyinxalenye enkulu kunazo zonke, kwaye enye yeyona nto inzima kakhulu. Itshintshe ngonaphakade, kwaye iqulethe ezininzi iiseli nezakhiwo ezikhethekileyo. Umsebenzi wephambili wesikhumba kukusebenza njengesithintelo sokukhusela esichaphazelekayo kwimeko ethile. Kwakhona kunceda ukulawula ukushisa komzimba, ukuqokelela ulwazi lweengqondo kwiindawo ezijikelezayo, kunye nokudlala indima ekhuselekileyo kumzimba wokukhusela umzimba ukukhusela umzimba kwisifo.
Ukufunda indlela umsebenzi wesikhumba oqala ngayo ngokuqonda isakhiwo sezinto ezintathu zesikhumba: i-epidermis, i-dermis kunye nezicubu ezincinci.
Epidermis
I- epidermis yinkalo engaphezulu kwezinto ezintathu zesikhumba. Ubungakanani bayo buxhomekeke apho ufumaneka khona emzimbeni. Ngokomzekelo, i-thinnest kwiinkophe (isigxina semilimitha). Ubunzima kakhulu kwiintendelezo zezandla kunye neengxube zeenyawo (1.5 millimeters).
Kukho iintlobo ezintlanu ze-epidermis:
- Isiseko se-Stratum: Lo mgangatho ongaphantsi, owaziwa ngokuba yi-basal cell layer, uneeseli ze-basal ezibunjengekholomu ezahlula kwaye zitshintshe iiseli ezindala phezulu kwesikhumba. Njengoko iiseli zikhuphuka ekhumbeni , zidibene kwaye zigqitywe zize zife.
- I-Stratum spinosum: Olu luhlu, olubizwa ngokuba yi-squamous cell layer, luluhlu olugqithiseleyo lwe-epidermis. Iqukethe i- keratinocyte esandul 'ukuza, eqinisa ii-proteins. Iqulethe iiseli zeLangerhans ezikunceda ukukhusela intsholongwane.
- I-Stratum granulosum: Olu luhlu luqukethe ii-keratinocytes ezininzi ezijikeleza phezulu.
- Stratum lucidum: Oku uluhlu ikhona kuphela kwiintendelezo zezandla kunye neengcambu zeenyawo.
- I-Stratum corneum: Le yindawo engaphezulu okanye phezulu ye-epidermis. Yenziwe ngabafileyo, i-keratinocytes ephangaleleyo ezityhala malunga neveki ezimbini.
I-epidermis iqulethe iiseli ezikhethekileyo ezintathu:
- I-Melanocytes ezenza i-pigment (melanin)
- IiLangerhans zeeseli ezisebenza njengendlela yokuqala yokukhusela kwi-immune system system
- Amaseli e-Merkel anomsebenzi ongaqondanga ngokupheleleyo
IDermis
I- dermis yinqanaba eliphakathi kwezinto ezintathu zesikhumba. Kukho phakathi kwe-epidermis kunye nezicubu ezincinci. Iqukethe izicubu ezinxibelelwano, i-capillaries yegazi, i-oyile kunye neengqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungquthela, ukuphela kweentliziyo kunye neentloko zezinwele I-dermis iyahlukana ibe ngamacandelo amabini-i-padillary dermis, eyona ndawo yincinci, engqongqo, kunye ne-dticis, esecaleni. Ubungakanani boderm buhluka ngoxhomekeke kwindawo yawo emzimbeni. Kwiinkophe, i-0.6 millimeters thick. Ngemuva, iintendelezo zezandla, kunye neenyawo zeenyawo zi-3 millimeters.
I-dermis yindlu yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeetyhubhu ezikhoyo kulo lonke:
- Collagen
- Iishubhu ezinomzimba
- Iimpawu zoqhagamshelwano
I-dermis iqulethe iiseli kunye nezakhiwo ezikhethekileyo, kuquka:
- Izinwele zeenwele
- Iingqungquthela ezinobulunga
- I-Apocrine kunye neengcina ze-endocrine
- Imikhumbi yegazi kunye nokupheliswa kwemizwa
- I-Meissner kunye ne-lamellar corpuscles ezithumela iimvakalelo zokuthintela kunye noxinzelelo.
Iingxube ezincinci
Izicubu ezincinci zincinci kakhulu kwaye zingaphakathi kwizinto ezintathu zesikhumba. Ngokuyininzi zenziwe ngamanqatha, izicubu ezinxibeleleneyo kunye neemitha ezinkulu zegazi kunye neentsholongwane.
Ubungakanani balo buninzi buhluka kuye kuxhomekeke kwindawo ekuthiwa kuyo emzimbeni-umzekelo, lukhulu kunamaqhosha, inyawo zeenyawo kunye neentende zezandla.
Izicubu ezincinci ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yommiselo weqondo lokushisa. Yenza njengento yokukhwela, ngoko ke xa uswele okanye uthinte into ethile ngomzimba wakho, ikhusela i-insides kwaye yenza ukuba ukulimala kube nzima.
> Umthombo:
> Kumar V, Abbas AK, Aster JC. IiRobbins kunye neCotran Pathologic Basis of Disease . Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2015.