Iimpawu ezinzima malunga neyona nto ibhubhayo yeCancer Cancer
I-Melanoma yindlela enobungozi yomhlaza wesikhumba. Kufunyanwe ngaphantsi kwezinye iintlobo zeentlungu zesikhumba kodwa unako ukusabalalisa (ukulungiswa kwemitha) ngokukhawuleza. I-melanoma iqala ngokubanzi kwesikhumba kodwa iyakwazi ukusabalalisa kwezinye iindawo zomzimba ezibandakanya phantsi kweeminwe kunye nezikhonkwane, nakwi-eyeballball.
Ingozi YeMelanoma
Ngoxa kungekho namnye owaziyo iindlela ze-biological ezenza i-melanoma, siyazi ukuba kukho izinto ezinobungozi obangela ukwanda kwesifo.
Izinto ezibalulekileyo ziquka:
- ukukhanya kwe-UV ultraviolet (UV) kwimimandla yendalo okanye imveliso, kuquka iibhedi zokuqhawula kunye nezibane zelanga
- unesikhumba esilungileyo kunye / okanye iinwele ezibomvu
- Imbali yentsapho ye-melanoma
- ukuba nenani elikhulu le-moles (ngaphezu kwama-50)
- ubudala
- yindoda
- nokuba neeninzi ezininzi okanye ukuphuhlisa ii-freckles kalula
- umlando wokushisa ilanga okanye ukukhanya kwelanga ngokugqithiseleyo
Xa kuthethwa oku, i-melanoma inokuphuhliswa kubantu abangenayo le miqobo, kubandakanywa abantu abaselula kunye nabantu abanekhanda elimnyama.
Iimpawu zoMelanoma
Utshintsho ekubonakaleni kwe-mole lidla ngokuba ngumqondiso wokuqala we-melanoma ephuhlisayo kwaye kufuneka ithathwa njengeflegi ebomvu kungakhathaliseki ubungakanani okanye indawo. Ukufunda ukuhlula phakathi kwe-mole eqhelekileyo kunye nomntu ongaqhelekanga kunokukunceda uqonde naziphi na utshintsho ngaphambi kokuba zibe yingxaki enkulu.
Kule nto, sisebenzisa oko kuthiwa yi- ABCDE Rule ye-melanoma , inkqubo eya kunceda umntu ukuba aqonde phakathi kwezinto eziqhelekileyo kunye nezinto ezingekho.
Akufanele kuthathwa njengendlela yokuxilonga - kuphela ugqirha onokukwenza oko - kodwa kunoko isibonakaliso sokulumkisa ukudibana nodermatologist ngokukhawuleza.
Umthetho we-ABCDE uqwalasela iimpawu ozihlolisayo umlwanyana osolisayo:
- I-Asymmetry - ii- moles eziqhelekileyo okanye ii-freckles zihambelana ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba ufanele udwebe umgca ngebala eliqhelekileyo, uya kuba neesahlulo ezimbini zemizuzu. Kwimeko yomdlavuza wesikhumba, amabala awayi kujonga efanayo kumacala omabini.
- Umngcele - I-moleyi okanye ibala kunye nemigca evulekileyo kunye / okanye igxininiswe iya kuqwalaselwa malunga.
- Umbala - I-mole engaphezulu kweyodwa, umbala, okanye umthunzi (kubandakanywa ukukhanya okanye ukumnyama kwe-mole) kufuneka kucatshangelwe. I-moles eqhelekileyo, ngokuphambene, idla ngokuba nombala omnye.
- Ubumba: Ukuba i-mole ikhudlwana kune-penas eraser (1/4 intshi okanye 6 mm), kufuneka imbonise imfuno yongcali yeengcali. Oku kubandakanya i-moles engenazo ezinye izinto ezingabonakaliyo.
- Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo: Oku kubhekisela ekutshintsheni kwii-moles ezikhoyo, kubandakanywa utshintsho kubukhulu, imida, umda, okanye umbala.
Gcina ukhumbule ukuba i-molecule ayifuni ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezipheleleyo ze-ABCDE ukuba zixhalabele. Nangona into engaqhelekanga kufuneka iqinisekise ukuba uphando olusondeleyo ngumqeqeshi oqeqeshiweyo, mhlawumbi i-dermatologist.
Ukuxilongwa kweMelanoma
Ukuchonga umdlavuza wesikhumba ngokuqhelekileyo kuqala ngokuhlolwa koluhlaza nge-dermatologist enelayisenisi. Ukuba umrhaxu uphelelwa, i- biopsy yolusu yayiza kwenziwa ukwenza uhlalutyo oluncinci lweeseli ezichaphazelekayo. Oku kuya kwenziwa ngeendlela eziliqela kwaye, kuxhomekeke kubukhulu kunye nendawo, inokwenziwa kwiofisi yegqirha nge-anesthetic yendawo.
Ukuba iziphumo ze-biopsy zibonisa ubukho be-melanoma, kuya kwenziwa iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ngaba isifo sele sisasazeka kangakanani na.
Ezi mvavanyo zingabandakanya i-X-rays esifubeni, iimvavanyo zomsebenzi weesibindi , kunye nezinye iimvavanyo zokubona ukuba kukho nawuphi na ubungqina bomhlaza kwezinye iinkqubo zesebe.
Unyango lweMelanoma
Kukho iindlela ezine zokuphatha i-melanoma: ukuhlinzwa, i-chemotherapy, unyango lwe-radiation kunye ne-immunotherapy. Unyango luxhomeke kakhulu ekubeni umhlaza usasazeka kangakanani, kunye nobudala kunye nempilo yonke yabantu abachaphazelekayo.
Kwabo abanomdla we-melanoma yokuqala, utyando lokususa i-lesion (kunye nomgama omncinci weezimba eziphilileyo) unokuba yiyo yonke into efunekayo. Inqubo ingabandakanya kwakhona i-biopsy ye-lymph node esondeleyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba umhlaza awuzange usasaze.
Ukuba isifo siphambili kakhulu, i-chemotherapy kunye ne-immunotherapy ingafuneka kwakhona, ngexesha lokunyangwa ngokusekelwe kwinqanaba lesi sifo. Ukunyangwa kwamayeza kunokusetyenziswa kwiimeko ezikhethiweyo.
Ukuthintela iMelanoma
Umhlaza wesikhumba unokuba luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lomhlaza, kodwa luye luphephe kakhulu . Isinyathelo sokuqala ekukhuseleni umdlavuza wesikhumba - kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo kubaluleke kakhulu - kukugwema ukukhanya kwe-UV ray.
Singakwenza oku ngeendlela ezilandelayo:
- Ukugqoka i-sunscreen kuhlala enye yebhasti yakho ebhetele ekukhuseleni umdlavuza wesikhumba, ngakumbi xa uchitha ixesha elide ngaphandle. Iingcali zincoma ukuba ukhethe i-sunscreen okungenani i- SPF 15 okanye ngaphezulu. Ungakulibala ukuphinda usebenzise kwakhona iiyure ezimbini, emva kokubhukuda, kwaye xa uqubuka.
- Ukuphepha emini kwelanga phakathi kwe-10: 00 ukuya ku-4: 00 kusigcina ukhuselekile xa ilanga likhanya kakhulu.
- Ukunxiba iimpahla zokukhusela , njengentsimbi kunye neentonga ngeemikhono ezipheleleyo zinika ukhuseleko olongezelelweyo xa kufuneka ube nelanga elipheleleyo. Amehlo ayenakho ukulimala ngoko ke unokuqiniseka ukuba ugqoke izibuko zelanga ezinika ukhuselo olwaneleyo lwe-UV.
- Ukuhlala emthunzini akusayi kukugcina upholile, kuya kunciphisa umngcipheko we-UV exposure. Nangona kunjalo, kukulungele ukugqoka i-sunscreen njengelanga elibonakalayo linokulimaza njengelanga elithe ngqo.
- Ukukhusela iibhedi zokuqhawula kufuneka. Ukuchithwa kwe-UV engenziwayo akuyona nengozi ngaphantsi kwendalo. Enyanisweni, uphando oluninzi lubonisa ukuba imibhede yokuqhayisa iphakamisa umngcipheko we-melanoma ngenxa yobunzulu babo kunye nokungabikho kwesikrini selanga phakathi kwabasebenzisi.
ILizwi
I-Melanoma igama eliyikrakra, kwaye kufuneka libe njalo. Ikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye ibangela ukufa ngaphezu kweyiphi na uhlobo lomhlaza wesikhumba. Kodwa kukwaphakathi kwezona zininzi zonyango, kunye nezinga eliphezulu lokuphumelela xa libala ekuqaleni.
Njengawo onke uhlobo lweekhensi, ukukhusela kubalulekile. Oku kubandakanya ukunciphisa ukukhanya kwakho kwelanga kunye nezinye iindidi ze-UV, kunye nokugubungela i-sunscreen kunye nezembatho zokukhusela kangako.
Ekugqibeleni, ukuba ufumanisa i-mole okanye isikhumba esikhwameni sakho, ungayihoyi. Yibhekisise ngokukhawuleza ngokusemandleni ngu-dermatologist ofanelekileyo. Musa ukuvumela ingxaki encinane ibe yingozi yokuphila.
> Umthombo
- > Markovik, S .; Erickson, S; Rao, R .; okqhubekayo. "I-Melanoma ebulalayo kwiXesha lama-21, iNgxenye 1: i-Epidemiology, izinto ezijongene nobungozi, ukucoca, ukukhusela kunye nokuxilongwa." IMayo Clinic Proceedings. Matshi 2007; 82 (30): 364-380.