Ukuchithwa okulula okulula (ukususwa) yindlela eqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa ukunyanga izibilini zomhlaza zesikhumba esiphambili kunye nokuphindaphindiweyo. Inkqubo ibandakanya ukukhupha i-tumor kunye nenani elithile eliqhelekileyo elibonakalayo. Ummandla ojikelezayo ubizwa ngokuba "umda" okanye "umda wokugada."
Ukususa umda wandisa ithuba lokuba zonke izisele zomhlaza ziya kususwa.
Emva kokuba isihlunu sinyamekile, sithunyelwa kwi-pathologist ehlola iingongoma ze-excision ukuqinisekisa ukuba zicacile.
Iimpawu zeeNqununu zeSasal Cell kunye neScamous Cell Carcinomas
Iziphakamiso zisetyenziselwa ukuphatha izibilini eziphambili neziphambili. I- basal cell carcinoma (BCC) kunye ne- squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), ii-margins zihlala zi-2 ukuya kwi-4 mm. Oku kubangela izinga lokunyanga lama-95 ekhulwini kunye ne-92 ekhulwini kwi-BCC ephambili kunye ne-SCC, ngokulandelanayo. Ezi zonyango zonyango zixhomekeke kwisayithi, ubungakanani, kunye nomzekelo wesifo. Ukuxubusha kunokwenziwa kwisigulana okanye isifo sokugula ngokwemiqathango yomdlavuza.
I-BCC ne-SCC zibizwa ngokuba yi-nonmelanoma yesikhumba somhlaza kunye neyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yomhlaza wesikhumba, kunye ne-BCC ixhaphake ngaphezu kwe-SCC; amaninzi angama-75 ekhulwini lwe-nonmelanoma kliniki yesikhumba yi-BCC. Nangona iindawo ezinomdlavuza wesikhumba, i-nonmelanoma yesikhumba se-cancer kuphela i-0.1% ye-mortal cancer.
Iimpawu zeMelanoma Izilwanyana
Kwizilonda ze- melanoma , ubukhulu bomgama buninzi kwaye buxhomekeke kwisigaba sesifo:
- Isigaba se-0 : umgama we-0.5 cm.
- Isigaba I : 1 ukuya ku-2 cm, kuxhomekeke kubukhulu be-melanoma (ebizwa ngokuba yi- Breslow thickness ).
- Isigaba II : Ukuba i-melanoma i-1 ukuya kwi-2 mm ubukhulu, i-margin 1 ukuya kwi-2 cm yesikhumba eqhelekileyo iya kususwa kwakhona. Ukuba i-tumor i-2 ukuya kwi-4 mm ubukhulu, ubuncinane ubuncinane i-2 cm yekhumba eliqhelekileyo liya kususwa kwi-site yesondo. Ukuba i-tumor ingaphezu kwama-4 mm ubukhulu, umgama we-3 cm ucebiswa xa u-anatomically unokwenzeka.
- Isigaba III : 1 ukuya ku-3 cm ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu be-tumor, elandelwa yi-chemotherapy, immunotherapy , okanye ezinye izigulane ezixhasayo.
Basal Cell Carcinomas
I-Basal cell carcinomas, okanye i-BCCs, ukukhula okungaqhelekanga okanye izilonda kwiseli ye-basal yolusu, ebonakala kumgca obunzulu obunzulu besikhumba. I-BCCs ibonakala njengamabala obomvu, ama-bumps, ukukhula okanye izilonda ezivulekileyo esikhumbeni. Ziyakubonakala ngathi zizikrakra. I-BCC inokutshatyalaliswa, kodwa inqabile i-metastasizes ngaphaya kwe-tumor, nakuba ingaba khona. I-BCCs efunekayo kufuneka ihlolwe kwaye iphathwe, kwaye ayifanele ihoywa.
Squamous Cell Carcinomas
I-Squamous Cell Carcinomas, okanye i-SCCs, ukukhula okungaqhelekanga kwiiseli zesikhumba zezona zinto ziphezulu zesikhumba. I-SCC ivele ibonakale njengezilonda ezivulekileyo, izilwanyana ezibomvu, ama-warts okanye ukukhula okudityanelweyo kwiziko. Ezi zinokuphuma okanye zivelise i-scab, kwaye ziyakwazi ukuphazamiseka. Nangona ziphakathi kwee-cancer eziqhelekileyo kunye ne-akhawunti yepesenti ephantsi ngokufa komdlavuza, banako ukuhlaziywa kwaye akufanele bahoywa.