Isikhokelo soMonde kwisiGaba esingu-0, I, no-II I-Melanoma Treatment
Isifo sokuqala seMelanoma - Ithini ilandelayo?
Ugqirha wakho uthi i- biopsy yakho yesikhumba iphinde ivuke i- melanoma , uhlobo olunefuthe kakhulu lomhlaza wesikhumba . Ngethamsanqa, ibanjwe njenge-melanoma yokuqala (0, I, okanye ii-II), ngoko ukuhlaziya kwakho kuhle. Kodwa yintoni elandelayo? Ziziphi iindlela zakho zokonyango? Nantsi ingqwalasela yento enokuyilindela.
Ukuba uvile inkcazo yakho ye-melanoma kodwa engaqinisekanga kwinqanaba, funda nge- stanoma ye-melanoma .
Ukuba i-melanoma yakho yindawo yesigaba II okanye isigaba IV (i-metastatic) i-melanoma, funda malunga neendlela zokonyango ze-melanoma eziphambili .
Isigaba 0 (In Situ) Melanoma
Isigaba 0 ("in situ") i-melanomas ayizange isasaze ngaphaya kwe-epidermis (uluhlu oluphezulu lwesikhumba). Ngokuqhelekileyo baphathwe ngokukhutshwa ngokugqithisileyo ("ukukhatyiswa") kwe-melanoma kunye nexabiso elincinci (malunga ne-0.5 cm) yesikhumba esiqhelekileyo (ebizwa ngokuthi "umda"). Uphando kulesi sigaba ngokuqhelekileyo uphilisa eso sifo. Kwi-melanomas ebusweni, abanye oogqirha banokuthi banike i-cream ephethe i-Aldara (imiquimod) . Oku kusetyenziswa ikakhulu xa utyando luza kudala ingxaki yokuzilungisa. I-khilimu isetyenziswe naphi na kwimizuzu ephindwe kabini ngeveki malunga neenyanga ezintathu.
Isigaba I Melanoma
Ukunyangwa kwesigaba se-melanoma (oko kukuthi, izilonda ezingama-2 mm ubukhulu okanye ngaphantsi) ziquka ukususwa kwe-melanoma kunye nokususwa kwe-1 cm ukuya kwi-2 cm yesikhumba ejikelezileyo, kuxhomekeke kubukhulu be-melanoma (ebizwa ngokuba yi " Breslow " ubukhulu ").
Ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo ekuhlala kuyo i-melanoma, abaninzi abantu banokukwazi ukwenza le nkqubo eyenziwa kwiklinikhi yokugula okanye kwi-ofisi yezobugqirha.
I- lymph node dissection rhoqo (ukususwa kwama-lymph nodes eduze komhlaza) akubonakalwanga ukuphucula ukusinda kwizigulane ezine-melanoma yesigaba. Abanye oogqirha batusa i-sentinel i-lymph node mapping kunye ne-biopsy ukuba i-melanoma isigaba se-IB okanye ineminye impawu eyenza isasazeka kwi-lymph nodes.
Isigaba II iMelanoma
Ukugqithiswa ngokubanzi kukunyango oluqhelekileyo lwenqanaba le-melanoma yesigaba. Ukuba i-melanoma iphakathi kwe-1 mm kunye no-2 mm ubukhulu, i-1 cm ukuya kwi-2 cm ye-2 cm ye-skin eqhelekileyo iya kususwa kwakhona. Ukuba i-tumor i-2 mm ukuya kwi-4 mm ubukhulu, ubuncinane ubuncinane i-2 cm yekhumba eliqhelekileyo liya kususwa kummandla we-tumor. Ukuba i-tumor ingaphezu kwama-4 mm ubukhulu, umgama we-3 cm ucebiswa xa u-anatomically unokwenzeka.
Ekubeni i-melanoma isenokusasazeka kwi-lymph node kufuphi ne-tumor, abanye oogqirha banokuncoma i-nodephine node lymph biopsy ngokunjalo. Kule nkqubo, idayi kunye ne-traceeractiveactive traject zifakwe kwi-melanoma ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. I-Melanomas isasazwa ngendlela ye-lymphatic system okanye i-blood stream. Xa zisasazeka kwi-lymphatic system, zihlala ziqala ukusasaza kwii-lymph node ezikufutshane nomhlaza, kwaye emva kokuba zisasazeka kwi-lymph node yokuqala, zisalala phantsi komgca kwabanye. Ukwenza i-sentinel node biopsy kuvumela ugqirha ukuba athole ukuba i-melanoma iqalile ukusasazeka.
Ukuba i-node (s) ye-sentinel ifunyenwe, iya kukhankanywa kunye nokususa i-melanoma. Ukuba i-nodeel ye-sentinel iqulethe umdlavuza, i-lymph node dissection (apho yonke i-lymph node kwindawo leyo isuswa ngayo) iya kwenziwa emva komhla.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukuba kukho ubungqina bokuba umdlavuza usasazeke kwi-node ye-sentinel okanye ezinye i-lymph nodes, oku akuthethi ukuba i-metastatic. Kwingxelo yakho ye-biopsy kuya kuthi "i-metastatic to lymph nodes" kodwa kwakhona, oku akuthethi ukuba umdlavuza wakho unemastastatic, kodwa kuphela ukuba unokukwazi ukuba yimetastatic.
Kwiimeko ezithile (njengokuthi i-tumor ifunyenwe ibe ngaphezu kwe-4 mm ubukhulu okanye ukuba i-lymph nodes iqulethe umdlavuza), abanye oogqirha banokucebisa unyango lwe-adjuvant (unyango olongezelelweyo emva kokuhlinzwa) nge- interferon-alfa2b . Ezinye iziyobisi okanye mhlawumbi izitofu zingaphakanyiswa njengenxalenye yesilingo sezonyango ukuzama ukunciphisa ithuba lokuba i-melanoma iza kubuya.
Ubungqina obunje bokusebenza kweziyobisi eziqhelekileyo okanye unyango lwamayeza kwizigulane zezigaba II, nangona kunjalo, kuncinci.
Unyango olutsha luyafumaneka kwi-melanoma lonke ixesha kwaye nangakumbi luye lwafundwa kwizilingo zonyango. Thetha ugqirha wakho malunga nokuba unokuba ngumviwa kulo naluphi lwezi zifundo. Ukuba unesigaba sesi-2 se-melanoma kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ube ngummeli wakho kwinkathalo yakho yomhlaza . Funda kabanzi malunga ne-melanomas kunye nayiphi na impawu okanye iimpawu zokuphindaphinda .
Imithombo:
National Cancer Institute. Ukwelashwa kweMelanoma (PDQ) - kwiiNgcono zeeNkonzo zeMpilo. Updated 04/15/16. https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/hp/melanoma-treatment-pdq