Izizathu Zokuba I-Cancer ibuyela emva kweminyaka yokuxolelwa
Nangona kukho unyango olunjengokuhlinzwa, i- chemotherapy , kunye neyeza lokuphuza i-radiation , kaninzi umhlaza uphindela. Yaye ngelixa ezininzi iintsholongwane ziphinde zibuyele kwiminyaka emi-5 yokuqala, abaninzi bethu bayazi ngomntu oye wahlala nomhlaza ngaphandle kweminyaka kunye namashumi eminyaka ngaphambi kokuba umhlaza wabo ubuyele. Kutheni abuyele ezinye i-cancer, kwaye kwenzeka ntoni oku?
Kubaluleka kokwazi ukuba kutheni iCancer Cancer
Xa ebuza ukuba kutheni i-cancers ibuyele, sicele enye yeyona mibuzo ebalulekileyo kwi-oncology namhlanje.
Amaxesha amaninzi ukuphindaphinda, okufana nomhlaza wesibele, unemastast. Umhlaza wokuqala owawunqanaba lokuqala okanye isigaba sesi-2 ngoku isigaba 4 okanye imetastatic. Ekubeni ngaphezu kwe-90 ekhulwini lomdlavuza wesi sifo kubangelwa ngenxa yeemetastases, lo mbuzo obalulekileyo.
Uninzi lwonyango esisisebenzisa kumhlaza lukhusela iiseli zomhlaza ukuba ziqhubeke kwaye "zifumana ithuba lokufihla." Esi sizathu esilandelayo "i-acjuvant chemotherapy" enikwe i-cancer yesifuba yamabele kunye nemiphunga, ekubeni i-chemotherapy yonyango lwenkqubo eyenzelwe ukuhlasela la maseli alahlekileyo. Kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezithile, rhoqo, iiseli zishiywa emva. Nangona bahlala, nangona kunjalo, bahlala phi? Kutheni kubonakala ukuba ezinye iiseli zomhlaza zingenzi nto iminyaka engama-20 kwaye zikhule kwakhona? Makhe sijonge ezinye ze mibuzo, kodwa okokuqala kunceda ukuchaza isigama esiza kuyisebenzisa.
Ukuhlaziywa okufutshane kwegama lesiGama
Xa uthetha ngomhlaza uya kubuya ukuchaza ngokuchanekileyo ukuphindaphinda, kunye namanye amagama ambalwa.
- Ukuphindaphinda . Ukuphindaphinda komhlaza kubhekisela kumdlavuza obuyelayo (ubuya, ubuya kwakhona, okanye abuyele) emva kwexesha elithile apho umhlaza sele uxolelwe khona (ngokuqhelekileyo kuthetha ukuba akukho ubungqina besifo (NED) kwaye umhlaza awufumaneki Ukukhangela. Nangona kungekho nkcazo echanekileyo yexesha ekufuneka idlule ngexesha lomntu ongenayo umdlavuza kwaye xa umhlaza uthathwa njengokuphindaphindiweyo, abaninzi abanama-oncologists bakholelwa ukuba iidlers eziphindaphinda zingangeenyanga ezintathu zinyuka kunokuba ziphindaphindiwe.
- Ukuqhubela phambili (i-Progressive Disease - PD) . Ukuqhubela phambili komhlaza kubhekisela kumdlavuza oye wanda kakhulu kwaye unyuke ubuncinane kwipesenti ezingama-20 ngobukhulu okanye usasazeka emva kokonyango.
- Ukuphendula okhethekileyo - Ukuphendula ngokukodwa kwonyango kuthetha ukuba i-tumor iyancipha ubuncinane iipesenti ezingama-30 ngobukhulu, kodwa ayihambi ngokupheleleyo njengoko iphawulwe ekuhlolweni kweklinikhi okanye ngeeskrini. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-regression.
- Izifo ezizinzileyo . Isifo esizinzileyo, esibizwa nangokuthi isifo se-static, sithetha ukuba isisu asikhuli okanye siphume kakhulu. Kwakhona kuthetha ukuba akukho zicubu ezintsha kunye nokuba i-tumor ayizange isasaze kuyo nayiphi na indawo emitsha yomzimba. Isisu asizange sikhulise ngokwaneleyo ukuba kuthiwa isifo sesigxina (ukunyuka kweepesenti ezingama-20 okanye ngaphezulu) okanye ukunciphisa ngokwaneleyo ukubizwa ngokuba yimpendulo ethile (ubuncinane i-30% iyancipha.)
- Phendula . Ukuphendula okupheleleyo okanye ukugqitywa ngokugqibeleleyo kuthetha into efanayo nokuxolelwa okupheleleyo okanye i-NED (akukho ubungqina besifo.) Oku kuthetha ukuba akukho sifo esinqununu singafunyanwa ekuhloleni ngokomzimba, ngeesisombululo okanye ngokuhlolwa kwegazi, kodwa akuthethi umhlaza philiswa.
- Ukuxolelwa . Ukuxolelwa akuthethi umhlaza uphiliswa, kodwa kunoko kubhekisela ekungabikho kwezifo. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zokuxolelwa. Ekuxoxweni okupheleleyo , umhlaza awukwazi ukufunyanwa ngokuhlola ngokomzimba okanye ngokufundiswa kwe-radiological. Ngokuxolelwa ngokukodwa , umhlaza usengabonwa kodwa uswele ngobukhulu.
- Akukho Ubungqina Bokugula (iNED) . I-NED ichazwa ngendlela efanayo nokuxolelwa okupheleleyo - umhlaza awukwazi ukufunyanwa nayiphi na imvavanyo okanye uviwo.
- Ukuphindaphinda - Ixesha eliphindaphindiweyo liqhelekileyo lisetyenziswe ngokungafaniyo ngokuphindaphinda.
Kutheni Kuthiwa Abanye Abanomdlavuza?
Ekubeni ukuphindaphinda kubangelwa imbandezelo (ukugula) nokufa (ukufa) emdlalweni, ukuqonda ukuba kutheni i-cancer ibuyele ebaluleke ekuphuculeni izinga lokusinda kwizigulane zomhlaza. Kuthemba ukuba, njengoko ulwazi luphucula kule ndawo, izinga lokusinda kwamanqamu amaninzi liya kunyuka.
Kubalulekile ukuqalisa ngokuthi ithatha amangqamuzana omhlaza omhlaza asele emva kokuba unyango lubuyele.
Kuthatha izigidi ezininzi zeeseli zomhlaza kunye kunye nokwenza i-tumor engabonakalayo kunye neendlela eziphambili ze-imaging.
Kuthiwani Ngomsebenzi Wopyrogram kunye Nonyango Elijongene Nempumelelo?
Ukuba utyunjwe ngamagqabini acacileyo kwingxelo yakho yokugula , kwaye ukuba ukukhangela kungabonakali ubungqina bomhlaza, kunokuba nzima ukuqonda ukuba kutheni umhlaza uza kubuya. Sekunjalo nangona kungekho zisele zomhlaza zibonwa emaphethelweni e-tumor, ezinye iiseli zomhlaza zingase zisasazeka kwi-lymphatic system, kwindawo yangasese kumathishini asondeleyo, okanye ngegazi kwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Iiseli zomhlaza ezingabonakaliyo zibizwa ngokuba yi- micrometastases .
Bobabini ukwelashwa kunye nokunyanga kwamayeza kubonwa "unyango lwendawo." Ngaloo ndlela abaphatha unyango lweeseli eziye zahamba ngaphaya kommandla wonyango. Ukongezelela, unyango lwamayeza aluyi kubulala yonke iiseli zomhlaza. I-radiation isebenza ngokulimaza i-DNA kumaseli omhlaza wesiqhelo kunye neeseli eziqhelekileyo. Kanye nje kunye neeseli eziqhelekileyo ziyakwazi ukufumana imilayezo elandelayo, ezinye iiseli zomhlaza ziyakwazi "ukulula" kwakhona. Ubunokwenzeka bokuthi i-micrometastases yeso sizathu sokuba abanye abantu bafumana i-chemotherapy adjuvant ----------------------- i-chemotherapy enikwa emva kokugqitywa kwonyango lwengingqi ngokuhlinzwa okanye i-radiotherapy ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-micrometastases ipheliswa.
Kutheni Ubungenakuzikhusela I-Chemotherapy Ukubulala Zonke iiCells?
I-Chemotherapy, ngokungafani nokuhlinzwa kunye nokunyanga kwamayeza, kuthathwa njengonyango lwe-systemic, eklanyelwe ukuphathwa kungekhona nje iseli somhlaza esecaleni kwesisu kodwa ukukrazula amangqamuzana omhlaza esasazeka ngaphaya kwemimandla yomzimba ephathwa ngokuhlinzwa kunye nemisebe. Ngoko kutheni i-chemotherapy yayingayi kubulala onke amangqamuzana omhlaza emzimbeni? Ukuqonda impendulo yalo mbuzo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ngokuchanekileyo malunga nendlela ikhemotherapy isebenza ngayo. Uninzi lwamachiza e-chemotherapy lusebenza ngexesha elithile kwinkqubo yesahlulo seseli. Ayikho yonke iiseli zomhlaza ezahlula ngamaxesha onke, kunye neeseli ezingahlukiyo, okanye zikwinqanaba elihlukileyo kwicandelo lentsholongwane yezilwanyana, ezinokuthi zisinde. Le ngenye yezizathu abantu abahlala bephathwa ngazo ngaphezu esinye isichemotherapy (izidakamizwa ze-chemotherapy zisebenza ngamaphuzu ahlukeneyo kwinkqubo yesahlulo seseli) kwaye kutheni i-chemotherapy idlalwa ngeeseshoni eziliqela ngaphaya kwexesha.
Iincinci Zomdlavuza Zingazifihla Kangakanani Iminyaka okanye Iminyaka Eminyaka?
Kukho iingcamango ezimbalwa eziye zacetyiswa ukuba ziphendule malunga nento ebonakala ngathi yinkombela yesifo somhlaza "ukufihla" ixesha elide. Umzekelo, iipesenti ezingama-20 ukuya ku-45 zesifo se-esrogen-receptor esifanelekileyo somhlaza wesibeleko senzeke kwiminyaka okanye nangamashumi eminyaka emva kokuba umhlaza uphathwe ngempumelelo.
Enye yile ngcamango yomhlaza wesifo somhlaza , i-subset yamaseli omhlaza . Ngokulula , usenokucinga ngamaseli omhlaza njengokuba ulawulo oluphezulu. Kule meko, iiseli ze-stem ziza kuba "jikelele" kwaye zinamandla kunamanye amangqamuzana omhlaza (ezinganyangekanga unyango olunjengekhemotherapy, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba bahlula ngokuthe ngcembe ngakumbi kuneeseli zesifo somhlaza.) Nangona unyango lomhlaza lunokubulala amaninzi amabutho , ezi iiseli eziphezulu ziza kuhlala ziphila, zilungele ukukhula kwakhona.
Enye ingqiqo yile dormancy . Ngesizathu esithile, iseli somhlaza (amangqamuzana ahleliyo angama-cell stem cells) angalala (njengezityalo ngexesha lobusika, okanye i-spore foreal) kwaye, xa unikwe iimeko ezifanelekileyo, uqala ukukhula kwakhona. Le mizimba yesifo somhlaza isenokuthi "ilale" ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuba 'ivuke' kwaye ingene kwisigaba sokukhula ngokukhawuleza. Bangakwazi "ukulala" ngenxa yesistim e-immune, okanye ukungabi nako kwe- angiogenesis (ubuchule bomdlavuza ukwenza iimfesane zegazi ziwusondeza kwaye zivumele ukuba zikhule) kwaye "vuka" ukuba i-immune system ayikho kusebenza kunye ( ukunyuswa kwe-immunosuppression ) ukuba i-angiogenesis iyenzeka.
Yiyiphi iCancer Can Do Not Come Back (Recur) kwaye Unokucatshiswa?
Oogqirha abaqhelekanga ukusebenzisa igama elithi "unyango" kuba abaninzi abahlamba banakho ukubuyela. Iimviwo ziquka ezinye iintsholongwane zengqayi ezinomngcipheko ophantsi kakhulu wokubuya (umzekelo umhlaza wesibeletho).
Ingaba I-Cancer Eyabuya Yandula?
Ezinye iintsholongwane ziyakwazi ukunyanga xa ziphinda zibuyele, kwaye ngenxa yezidumbu ezininzi kufuneka siqwalasele ukuba unyango lokuqala oluthatyathwa luluncedo kakhulu. Kodwa oku akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ezinye iifom zeomhlaza zisenokunyanga nangona emva kokuba zibuyele, umzekelo, umhlaza wesifo somhlaza .
> Imithombo:
> Almog, N. Iinkqubo zeMolcular underlying dormancy. Iileta Zomhlaza . 2010. 294 (2): 139-46.
> UKleffel, S., noT. Schatton. Ukuxhamla i-dormancy kunye nomhlaza wesifo somhlaza: amacala amabini enye yemali enye? . Uphuhliso lwezoMpilo kunye neBiology . 2013. 734: 145-79.
> Li, S., et al. Umzekelo we-Tumor Dormancy / Ukuphindaphinda emva kweKhemotherapy eXeshanye. PLOS One . Ipapashwe ngoMeyi 20, 2014.
> INational Cancer Institute. Xa i-Cancer ibuya.
> Wang, Sih-han, noShiaw-Yih Lin. Ukugqithisa i-dormancy: ithogethi yokwelapha inokuguquka kokubola kunye nokukhusela i-metastasis. I-Hematology yokuHlola kunye ne-Oncology . 2013. 2:29.