Isikhongozo sizathu esivakalayo sokuba kutheni abantu baye kwigqirha wabo oyintloko. Kwezinye iimeko, ukukhwehlela kuye kwadlula iiveki ezingaphantsi kweeveki kwaye kuthiwa "ukukhwehlela okukhulu." Ukukhwehlela okuye kwahlala phakathi kweeveki ezintathu kunye nesibhozo kuthiwa "ukukhwehlela kancinci." Ukukhwehlela okuye kwaqhubeka Iiveki ezingaphezu kweebhozo zibizwa ngokuba "ngumkhuhlane ongapheliyo."
Nangona abanye abantu bekhwehlela iminyaka, imbangela yokukhwehlela ingancunyelwa ubuncinane kwi-90% yale meko.
Iipilisi zokukhwehlela zinezinga lokuphumelela okungenani kuma-85%, ngoko ke, unyango kufuneka lujoliswe kwisizathu esisiseko, kunokuba nje unyango olufake isikhohlela okwesikhashana.
Yintoni Ebangelwa Isiqhamo?
Isizathu sokukhwehlela sincike kwixesha elide elikhoyo ngayo. Ngokomzekelo, izimbangela zokukhwehlela okukhulu zingafani nakubangelwa ngumkhuhlane ongapheliyo. Ubuncinane ama-25% eengxaki zomkhuhlane ongapheliyo, kukho ubuncinane iimeko ezimbini zonyango obangela ukukhwehlela kumntu.
Yintoni Ebangelwa Isiqhamo Esiqatha?
Izibangela eziqhelekileyo zokukhwehlela okukhulu ziquka:
- Ubanda obubandayo
- Isono sinusitis
- I-Pertussis (ukukhwehlela ukukhwehlela)
- Isifo esingapheliyo sokuphazamiseka kwesifo se-pulmary disease ( COPD )
- I-rhinitis ye-allergen
- I-rhinitis engeyona ingxaki
Isizathu sokukhwehlela okuqhelekileyo siqwalaselwa ngumlando womntu kunye nokuhlolwa komzimba. Ezinye iingcali ziza kusebenzisa i-antihistamine / inhlanganisela ye-decongestant (njengeDetapp okanye i-generic efanayo) ekwenzeni ukukhwehlela okukhulu ngenxa yengqele ebandayo.
Ama-antihistamine amasha / ama-decongestants, afana noClaritin-D (i-loratadine / pseudoephedrin), abonakala bengabalulekanga.
Abantu abaqhubeka bekhwehlela nangona unyango olushushu, okanye abanezinye iimpawu ze-sinusitis enzima, banikezwa ikhosi ye-antibiotics ejoliswe kwi-sinusitis njengesizathu sokukhwehlela okukhulu.
Abantwana babonakala ngokugqithiseleyo ukuba banomkhuhlane njengophawu olulodwa lwe-infection yesusus.
Labo abane-COPD (i-emphysema okanye i-bronchitis engapheliyo) inokuba nokunyuka kokukhwehlela, ukuphefumula okufutshane, ukujikeleza nokutshintsha kwimveliso ye-mucus kunye nombala. Ama-antibiotics anikezelwa aba bantu ngokukhwehlela okukhulu.
Ukukhwehlela , okanye i-Pertussis, iya kuba ngakumbi kwiindawo ezithile, kwaye ukugonywa akusoloko kunika ukhuselo olupheleleyo. Abantu abanePertussis baya kuba neengqungquthela ezinzima zokukhwehlela, kaninzi ngokuhlanza emva kokukhwehlela. Unyango olwenziwe ngamayeza ancedisa ukuba lunikwe kwangethuba kusulelo; Ngenjalo, ukukhwehlela kungasigxina kwaye kudlulileyo kwiiveki ezininzi.
I-Rhinitis (i-allergyic and non-allergenic ) inokubangela ukuba ukukhwehlela okuhambelana nokuxhamla kwe-post-nasal (i-phlegm ephuma kumqolo wempumlo ibe emqaleni). Nangona kunjalo, oku kungaba ngumkhuhlane ohlukileyo kakhulu ukusuka ngasentla kunye nangaphezulu kombhobho wokucola umhombo. I-rhinitis ye-allergen iza kuphendulwa kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango xa i-rhinitis engeyiyo i-allergenic iyakwazi ukuphendula kuphela kuma-decongestants okanye i-sprays.
Okungaqhelekanga, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, izibangela zokukhwehlela okukhulu ziquka ukungaphumeleli kwintliziyo , ukukhupha i- pulmonary embneum , ukunyuka kwe-pneumonia nokufumana into yangaphandle eyenziwe empompy ( aspiration ).
Ziziphi Iingxaki Zesiqhamo Esisisigxina?
Ukukhwehlela okuphakathi kweeveki ezi-3 ne-8, izizathu eziqhelekileyo zilandelayo:
- Ukukhwehlela okusulelayo
- Isono sinusitis
- Isifuba
Ukukhwehlela emva kokusuleleka ngumkhuhlane oye waqhubeka emva kokubanda okubandayo okanye enye intsholongwane yokuphefumula, apho kungekho pneumonia. Ingaba ngumphumo we-post-nasal drip okanye i-bronchitis. Ezi zimpawu zinokusombulula ngaphandle kwonyango okanye zingaba sinusitis enzima efuna i-antibiotics. Ezinye iingcali ziya kunika inzame ye-decongestant / antihistamine inhlanganisela (njengeDetapp okanye i-equivalent equivalent) kwiveki enye, kwaye ukuba le nto ihluleka, ityala le-antibiotics.
Ukuba umntu unesikhalazo sokuphefumla okufutshane, ukuvuthwa, okanye isifuba esifubeni, isifo se-asthma sinokubangela ukukhwehlela. Ukunyanga kwimeko yesifo se-asthma kuya kunikwa.
Ziziphi Iingxaki Zesiqhelo Esingapheliyo?
Umkhuhlane ohlala ixesha elingaphezulu kweeveki ezi-8 ubizwa ngokuba ngumkhuhlane ongapheliyo. Abanye abantu banokufumana umkhuhlane ongapheliyo iminyaka, kwaye unyango alukwazi ukuphumelela. Kwaba bantu, ukuthunyelwa kwi- allergenist okanye i-pulmonologist (ugqirha ogxininise emiphakeni) kufuneka yenziwe, njengononophelo lwengonyango olufunekayo.
Izibangela eziqhelekileyo zomkhuhlane ongapheli ziquka:
- Ukuphosa kwe-post-nasal (i-phlegm egalela emva kwempumlo ibe emqaleni)
- I-asthma (kunye ne-asthma)
- Isifo se-reflux se-Gastroesophageal (GERD)
- Bronchitis eosinophilic
- Ukukhutshwa ngamachiza ( ACE inhibitors )
- Ukutshaya
Iingcali ezininzi zincoma ukuba zenze i-X-ray esifubeni kunye nokukhishwa kwekati kwezi sinus njengenxalenye yovavanyo lokukhwehlela okungapheliyo. Iingcali (i-allergists kunye ne-pulmonologists) ziya kwenza iimvavanyo ezizodwa ze-asthma. Xa i-X-ray isifuba siqhelekileyo, oko kubangelwa ngongentla apha kubangelwa amaninzi amaninzi eengxaki zokukhwehlela okungapheliyo.
Ugqirha uya kwenza imbali kunye nokuhlolwa komzimba, okuza kunika izikhombisi kwisizathu sokukhwehlela okungapheliyo. Kwamanye amaxesha, kunokufuneka ukuba unike iimvavanyo zonyango ngalapha ngasentla, njengoko uvavanyo olusemzimbeni lungenako ukunika inkcazo kwisizathu sokukhwehlela.
Irritants kunye neyeza. Abantu abavuthayo okanye abatshabalalisa kumsebenzi okanye umdlalo kufuneka baphephe ezi zinto. Imithi efana ne-ACE inhibitors (imishanguzo yegazi efana ne-lisinopril kunye nabanye abaninzi, kunye negama eliqhelekileyo eliphela "kwi-pril") ziyaziwayo izizathu zokukhwehlela kwaye kufuneka zitshintshwe ngugqirha kwindawo eyahlukileyo yeyeza. Ukukhwehlela kungadlulela kwiiveki ezi-4 emva kokuvalwa kwe-ACE inhibitor.
Ukuhamba kwe-post-nasal. Le yeso sizathu esiqhelekileyo sokukhwehlela okungapheliyo. Ukuqukuda kwe-post-nasal , ukuba ikhona kwiimbali (i-throat-clearing) okanye ekuhlolweni komzimba, inokuphathwa nge-combongestant / antihistamine inhlanganisela (njengentla ngentlawulelo ephezulu) kunye ne-prescription nasal spray (njenge-nasal steroid). Ukuba la mayeza ayinakunceda, kunokuba kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukukhutshwa kwamanzi emva kwendoda akubanga ngenxa yentsholongwane ye-sinus ngokwenza i-scan yek cat.
Isifuba. I-asthma yeso sibini sisona sixhaphaka. Ukukhwehlela kungabonakalisa kuphela isifo se-asthma, nangona abantu abaninzi baya kukhononda ngokuphefumula nokuphefumula. Iimvavanyo ezizodwa, kuquka i-spirometry kunye nokufundiswa kwe-bronchoprovocation, kunokukunceda ukuba ukuba ukukhwehlela kukubangelwa yi-asthma. Nangona kunjalo, le mvavanyo ingaba yinto eqhelekileyo, ngoko uvavanyo lwe-asthma thrapi (njengolu hlobo lwe-steroid engabonakaliyo) lungadingeka malunga neenyanga ezi-1-2.
GERD. I-GERD yimbangela yesithathu exhaphakileyo yesiqhophololo esingapheliyo, kwaye uninzi lwabantu abanalo hlobo lokukhwehlela aluqapheli ukuba bane-GERD. Enye ifom yeGERD, ebizwa ngokuthi i-laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR), ibangela ukukhwehlela ngezwi eligqithisileyo kunye nokucola komqala. Uvavanyo olukhethekileyo lunokwenziwa kwi-GERD kunye ne-LPR, kodwa kwiintlobo ezibangela ukukhwehlela, ezi zinokubiza kwaye zingakhathazeki. Uvavanyo lweyeza kuGERD kunye ne-LPR (unyango lufana noko), ngokuqhelekileyo kwiiveki ezininzi ukuya kwiinyanga, kunokufuneka ukuba ukhwehlela ukulungisa.
Bronchitis eosinophilic. Le fomu yomkhuhlane ongapheliyo uvela kuma-13 eepesenti yabantu kwaye unokufunyanwa ukuba ukhange i-sputum yomntu (phlegm) phantsi kwe-microscope. Ngenxa yokuba akukho nalu vavanyo olufumanekayo lokufumanisa olu hlobo lokukhwehlela, isilingo se-steroid esisetyenzisiweyo (kwiinyanga ezi-1-2) ngokuqhelekileyo siyinxalenye yezonyango ezinikezwa umntu onomkhuhlane ongapheliyo xa kungabonakali lula.
Ukuba ukukhwehlela kuyaphikelela nangona kukho ngasentla, ukuthunyelwa kwingcali (i-allergenist okanye i-pulmonologist) ingafuneka ukuba uvavanyo olongezelelweyo. Izifo eziqhelekileyo ezibangelwa ngumkhuhlane ongapheliyo ziquka ukukhwehlela umkhuba (i-nervous tic), indlebe ye-ear (okanye omnye umzimba wangaphandle), indlebe ye- Tourette , iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentsholongwane zamaphaphu , ukungaphumeleli kwintliziyo, izifo zesifo somphunga, kunye nokunye.
> Imithombo:
> Irwin RS, Madison JM. Ukuxilongwa kunye nokunyangwa kweCough. N Engl J Med. 2000; 343: 1715-21.
> Weldon DR. Ukuxilongwa okungafaniyo kweCough Chronic. I-allergies ne-Asthma Proc. 2005; 26: 345-51.