Uluvile eli bali: Uhlangothi lwesobunxele lwengqondo lubanda, ukubala kunye nolwimi olusekelwe, ngelixa icala elifanelekileyo leengqondo libuciko kunye nemvakalelo. Kodwa ingqondo yinto enzima kakhulu kwindalo yonke. Ivakalelwa ngathi nayiphi i-dichotomy enjalo ifanele ibe yinto elula kakhulu.
Nangona kukho impikiswano encinci yokuba kuninzi lwabantu, ulwimi lulawulwa kakhulu yi-hemisphere yekhohlo, kukho impikiswano eninzi malunga neliphi icala elisezantsi, okanye ukuba lihlelwa ngokwahlukileyo phakathi kwamacala omabini.
Kutheni kufuneka kubekho nahlulo, emva kwayo yonke into? Okuthiwa "ama-epicenters of emotion," i-amygdalae, ikhona kumacala amabini wengqondo. I-cortex endala yemilenze, apho ininzi imisebenzi esebenzayo iye yafunyanwa ngokomlando, isasazeka kakuhle kakhulu kumacala omabini kwinqanaba leengqondo.
Xa umsebenzi wengqondo ulawulwa ngaphezu kwelinye ilizwe, omnye umsebenzi, kuthiwa "ulungiswa" kwilo phesheya. Ngokomzekelo, ininzi kuthi, nakwabasekhohlo, iilwimi zishiyiweyo.
Kuvela ukuba kukho ubungqina obuninzi obubonisa ukuba iimvakalelo zineenketho ezithile kwilizwe elinye kwelinye. Kanye nje ukuba zisasazwa njani, nangona kunjalo, yinto epheleleyo, kwaye ingongoma yeengxoxo ezininzi zesayensi. Kukho imizekelo emininzi njengokuba kukho izazinzulu ezifunda imvakalelo. Kodwa ke, abaphengululi bemvakalelo bakholelwa "kwi-lateralization of emotion" bawela kwiinkampu ezibini okanye ezintathu.
Ilungelo laseHemisphere yeHemisithi
Enye yeenkampu ezinkulu zibizwa ngokuthi "i-hemisphere hypothesis." Oku kuthetha nje ukuba zonke iimvakalelo zilawulwa ngecala lasekunene kwengqondo. Oku kunjalo ngokukodwa yintoni abaphandi ababiza ngayo "iiprayim" iimvakalelo, ngokuqhelekileyo zithetha intlungu, uvuyo, umsindo, ukunyaniseka kunye noyiko.
Iimvakalelo ezinje ziye zachazwa ukuba zabelwana ngokwahlukeneyo kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo, kodwa nakwiindawo ezihlukeneyo zolawulo lwezilwanyana. Olunye ulwazi luxhasa le ngcamango: i-amygdala elungileyo iphinda ikhudlwana kune-amygdala ekhohlo, umzekelo.
Ezinye iingcamango
Akunjalo wonke umntu ukholelwa kwiimvakalelo ezisisiseko, nangona kunjalo. Abanye abaphandi bakholelwa endaweni yokokuba iimvakalelo ziqondwa kangcono ngokuzihlukanisa ngeendlela ezilula ezifana nokuvusa (indlela evuselelwe ngayo imvakalelo eyenza amandla) kunye ne-valence (indlela enhle okanye engeyiyo imvakalelo eyenza uzive). Ngokomzekelo, ingqumbo inokuthi ithathwa njengophakamiso oluphakamileyo, urhulumente we-valence ophantsi.
Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuba iimvakalelo zixhaswa kwii-hemispheres ezahlukeneyo ezisusela kwi-valence yazo. I-valence hypothesis ibonisa ukuba i-hemisphere efanelekileyo ibandakanyeka ekuqwalaseleni iimvakalelo ezibonakaliswe ukuhoxiswa, njengokwesaba, ukudabuka kunye nokunyaniseka, kunye ne-left-hemisphere idibanisa iinkqubo ezinxulumene nendlela efana nolonwabo. Abanye baye baphakamisa ukuba kunzima ngakumbi kunoko-inxalenye ye-hemisphere ingabandakanyeka ngokuthintela ukuziphatha, ngelixa enye inxalenye ibonisa. Umzekelo, ngelixa kucetyiswa ukuba ukushiya umonakalo we-hemispheric kungakhokelela ekudityaniseni kwamanzi ngenxa yokudibanisa kunye nesimo sengqondo esifanelekileyo phantsi kwe-valence hypothesis, umonakalo kumasekethe angabonakaliyo kwi-hemisphere engasekhohlo kunokunyusa ngokwemvakalelo imvakalelo enjalo ngenxa yokunciphisa ukunciphisa.
Ezinye i-electrophysiological and imaging studies ziye zaphakamisa ukuba ukuphazamiseka kwemizwelo enokuthi kusebenze i-left-middle ne-middle-insula, ngelixa iimeko ezingathandekiyo zengqondo zazingxakini. Izifundo ze-EEG zibonise ukuba i-hemisphere yokunene okanye ekhohlo isebenze kakhulu ekusebenziseni ukuhoxiswa okanye ukujonga iimvakalelo ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa ke, ezi zinto ziyinkimbinkimbi, kunoko, njengoko kuqhelekileyo kwizigulane ezinezilonda naphi na ukungaxinezeleka, kwaye ezi zilonda nazo zinokuchaphazela amandla omguli ukuba aqonde kwaye aziveze iimvakalelo zakhe. Ekugqibeleni, kukho umgca wobungqina obubonisa ukuba ii-hemispheres zilawula ngokuzimeleyo ukusebenza kwe-autonomic , kunye nekhohlo ukulawulwa kwe-parasympathetic kunye nelungelo lokusebenza kakuhle.
Ngokomzekelo, umzimba wobubungqina ubonisa ukuba ukuxhatshazwa okunxulumene nokunciphisa izinga lentliziyo ngokuqhelekileyo kuvela kwi-hemisphere efanelekileyo. Oko kwathiwa, ezinye iifundo zifumene ukusebenzisana kwamanye amazwe kunye nezinye iindawo zengqungquthela ngexesha lokuqhutyelwa kweemvakalelo ezimnandi.
Kanti enye ingcamango ibonisa ukuba iimvakalelo eziphambili kunye neembonakaliso ezinxulumene nazo ziqhutyelwa lizwe elifanelekileyo, kanti ezinye iimvakalelo ezinzima zentlalo ezinjengokuhlazola ziqhutywe ngentshonalanga. Le ngqungquthela isekelwe kakhulu kwiimvavanyo ngexesha lovavanyo lweWada, oluvala okwesikhashana isicombululo sengqondo ngexesha lovavanyo lokuhlinzwa. Abaphandi bathi izigulane ezinjalo zikwazi ukuchaza ubunzima kunemizwa elula xa icala lasebulungeni lithe cwaka. Abanye, nangona kunjalo, abazange bafumene lo mboniso ukuba kucace.
> Imithombo
> Murphy GM, Jr., Inger P, Mark K, et al. I-asymmetry ye-Volumetric kwisakhiwo se-amygdaloid yabantu. Journal fur Hirnforschung 1987; 28: 281-289.
> Ross ED, Monnot M. Impact prosody: zithini iimpazamo eziqondayo ngokusitsho ngokumalunga neemvakalelo, isondo kunye nokuguga, kunye nenxaxheba yokuhlolwa kweengcamango. Neuropsychologia 2011; 49: 866-877.