Ngokuyininzi yamkelwe ukuba i- HIV-1 ivela ngenxa ye-hybrid (okanye ukudibanisa) kweengcambu ezimbini ze-simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) -yodwa evela kwi-macabey ebomvu-enye enezinye ezivela kwi-monkey. I-SIV ecocekileyo yayikholelwa ukuba i- Pan troglodytes i- chimpanzee yase-Afrika ephakathi, eyagqithiselwa kubantu ngokuchithwa kwegazi ukuya kwigazi kunye / okanye ukusetyenziswa kwe-bushmeat.
Izifo Zoonotic
Izifo ze-Zoonotic-ezo zixhamla kwizilwanyana ukuya kubantu-aziyizinto eziqhelekileyo, zibonisa ubungqina bokuthi imvune, i-smallpox kunye ne-diphtheria inokubangelwa ukusuleleka kweentsholongwane. I-Salmonellosis , intsholongwane yebhaktheriya enokuthi iqhubekele kwiimeko ezichazwa nguGawulayo , ngumzekelo obalaseleyo, ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yokudla inyama enokungcola, amaqanda okanye iimveliso zobisi.
Uphando olutsha olusuka kubaphandi eYunivesithi yaseOxford lugqibe ukuba "ukuxuma" kungenzeka ukuba kwenzeke eKinshasa, inkulu-dolophu yaseDemocratic Republic of Congo (DRC), kwindawo ethile kwiminyaka ye-1920 kwaye yayingumthombo wentsholongwane yesifo esiyingozi esaziyo namhlanje.
I-Genetic Sequencing iqinisekisa i-Geographical Centre
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe oku, izazinzulu ziqhathanisa ukuhlukahluka kofuzo lweentsholongwane ezifumaneka kwi-Congo Basin, kuquka iDCC neCameroon. Yintoni abaye bakwazi ukuyiqonda kukuba, ngokusebenzisa izikhokelo zofuzo kunye nedatha yesiganeko, ukuqhambuka akuzange kuqalise eCameroon njengoko kwakucingwa ngaphambili, kodwa kwaba ngumphumo wokusasazeka kwegciwane phakathi kweKinshasa neCameroon ngenxa yezorhwebo lomlambo.
Abaphandi ekugqibeleni bagqiba ukuba intsholongwane efunyenwe eKinshasa ibonisa ukuhlukahluka kofuzo lwe-HIV-1 kunezinye iindawo-ezibangelwa ukusasazeka kwegciwane lesandulela-ngculazi ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kumuntu ukuya komntu- kwakunye nokulandelelana kwe-HIV-1 ekudala.
Ukususela kuma-1920 ukuya kowe-1950, ukuqhutyelwa kweedolophu ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuphuhliswa kwezitimela kwenza iKinshasa ingeniso-ntlawulo yezothutho, ngaloo ndlela avumela ukusasazeka kwe-HIV-1 kulo lonke ilizwe kwaye kungekudala emva kweMpuma ne-Afrika ye-Afrika.
I-genetic footprint yashiywa ngeli xesha lichazwe ngentsholongwane kulo lonke elaseDRC (ilizwe elilingene nobukhulu beNtshona Yurophu) njengoko abantu behamba ngomzila wesitimela kunye namanzi ukuya kwiidolophu zaseMbuji-Mayi naseLubumbashi ngasemzantsi neKisangani ngasentla .
Phakathi kweminyaka yama-1950 kunye neye-1960, ukusetyenziswa kweenaliti ze-hypodermic ezingenakunikwa kwizifo zeekliniki eziguquka ngokwesini kunye nokukhula kwezohwebo zentengiso zentengiso kwakuphakathi kwezinto zokukhawuleza ukusasazeka kwee-virus, ngokukodwa kwimimandla yezolimo apho kwakukhona khona (kwaye iyaqhubeka ) abasebenzi abaphezulu abafudukayo.
Ngexesha le-20 leminyaka, iinkqubo zothutho ezenza ukuba intsholongwane 'isasazeke zingasebenzi kangangoko, kodwa kunzima kakhulu. Ekuqaleni kwee-1970, imbewu ye-bhubhane yayisele ihlwayelwe kakuhle kwaye ihamba ngokukhawuleza eya eNyakatho Melika naseYurophu ngenxa yokunyuka komoya kunye nolwandle.
Kwaye kwaze kwaba ngo-1981 ukuba iimeko zokuqala zeGawulayo zaziwa kwi-US, zilandelwa yodwa yintsholongwane ye-HIV-1 ngowe-1983. Namhlanje, ngenxa yentlekele yehlabathi, phantse izigidi ezingama-75 izifo ezithintekayo, ezibangelwa ngaphezu kwama-30 izigidi zabantu abafa. Ukususela ngo-2016, iNkqubo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo kwi-HIV / AIDS ibika ukuba abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-36 bayaziwa ngokuba bahlala nesifo emhlabeni jikelele.
Imithombo
Gao, F .; Bailes, E .; Chen, Y; okqhubekayo. "Umvelaphi we-HIV-1 kwi-chimpanzee Pan troglodytes troglodytes." Uhlobo . Fe bruwari 4, 1999; 397 (6718): 385-386.
Bedford, M; Ward, A .; Tatem, J; Sousa, et al. "Ukusasazeka kwangoko kunye nokutshabalalisa kwe-HIV-1 kubantu." Sayensi . Oktobha 3, 2014; 346 (6205): 56-61.
Iprogram yeZizwe eziManyeneyo kwiHIV / AIDS (UNAIDS). Iingxelo zehlabathi jikelele - ingxelo ye-UNAIDS malunga nengqungquthela yomhlaba wonke kaGawulayo 2013. " 2013; Geneva, eSwitzerland.
Amaziko okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo (CDC). I-Pneumocystis pneumonia - iLos Angeles. "I- Report of Weekly Report (MMWR) ngo- 1981; i-Atlanta, eGeorgia.
Barré-Sinoussi, F .; Chermann, J; Rey, F .; okqhubekayo. "Ukukhutshwa kwe-T-lymphotropic retroviru s ukusuka kwisigulane esengozini yokufumana isifo se-immune disability (AIDS)." Sayensi. NgoMeyi 20, 1983, 220 (4599): 868-871.