Ingaba ungayikholelwa ukuba isinabhasi kufuneka isetyenziswe kwinkathalo yezempilo, kwaye inyaniso ibona ukuba i- marijuana yonyango ivumelekile kumazwe angama-25 kunye neSithili sase-Columbia. Iintetho ezine kunye neDDC zize zivumele ukusetyenziswa kwezobisi ngokuzonwabisa. Ezinye iindibano ngoku zijonge ekumthethweni njengendlela yokukhetha.
Urhulumente wesigqeba akavumelani. Ulawulo lwezoLawulo lweDrug Utywala (i-DEA) luqhubeka nokubeka i-marijuana njengeShedyuli I-drug Idilesi kwaye yenza ukuba kubekho mthethweni.
Kuthetha ukuthini ukuba abantu baseMedare abafuna ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi unyango?
Ukuqonda uMthetho woMmandla oLawulayo
UMthetho oLawulayo weMithi (CSA) ka-1970 walungiselela inkqubo yokubeka izidakamizwa. Ikwahlula iziyobisi kwiinqanaba ezintlanu, okanye iishedyuli, ngokusekelwe kwengozi yokubangela ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi okanye ukuxhomekeka:
- Ishedyuli I: Akukho tyenziswa kwonyango olwamkelweyo; umngcipheko ophezulu wokuxhatshazwa nokuxhomekeka
- IShedyuli II: Yamkelwa ukusetyenziswa kwezobisi; umngcipheko ophezulu wokuxhatshazwa nokuxhomekeka
- IShedyuli ye-III: Ukusetyenziswa kwezonyango ezamkelweyo; ukulinganisela kumngcipheko ophantsi wokuxhaphazwa okanye ukuxhomekeka
- Ishedyuli IV: Ukusetyenziswa kwezonyango ezamkelweyo; umngcipheko ophantsi wokuxhaphazwa okanye ukuxhomekeka
- IShedyuli V: Ukusetyenziswa kwezobisi ezamkelekileyo; umngcipheko ophantsi kakhulu wokuxhaphazwa okanye ukuxhomekeka
Nangona amagama ahlala esetyenziswa ngokungafaniyo, ukuxhatshazwa kunye nokuxhomekeka kunzima. Ngokwemigca elula, ukuxhomekeka kuthetha ukuba umzimba uyafuna izidakamizwa kodwa ukusetyenziswa gadalala kuchaza ingqondo yomntu, isimo sakhe sengqondo okanye sengqondo, sidinga.
Ngokusemthethweni kumazwe amaninzi, izicelo zenziwe kwi-DEA ukuba ihlaziye i-mariju kwiShedyuli I kwiShedyuli II. Oku kuya kuba nemigangatho engayi kuthintela kuphela ukunyanzeliswa komthetho wendawo kodwa nayo imimiselo malunga nemveliso kunye nokuthumela nokuthunyelwa kwezilwanyana.
Ngo-Agasti 2016, i-DEA yanqabile ezo zikhalazo, kugcina i-mariju njengeShedyuli I.
Ingaba I-Marijuana Iyingozi Kakhulu kuneCocaine?
Uza kuba nzima ukufumana umntu ongacingi ukuba i-cocaine iyingozi, isilonda. Okuthakazelisayo, nangona kunjalo, i-cocaine yipilisi yeShedyuli II. Oko kuthetha ukuba urhulumente wenkundla ngoku ufumana inzuzo yezokwelapha evela kwi-cocaine kodwa ingekho inyosi.
I-Cocaine isetyenziswe ngokuyinhloko njenge-anesthetic ye-headical for the ear, impumlo, kunye neemeko zomqala kunye nokuba i-vasoconstrictor ukunceda ukuyeka ukuphuma kwegazi. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kugqityiwe kwisicelo ngabaqeqeshi bezonyango. Yintoni engasetyenziswa ngayo inambuzane? URhulumente uthi akukho ulwazi olwaneleyo lokubonisa ukuba lukhuselekile.
Imimiselo ye-Federal eyenza imingcele yocwaningo iyingqekembe. Okokuqala, uphando lufuna imali, kunye nezibonelelo kunzima nakakhulu ukuza kunikwa uhlobo lwesilwanyana esibonwa njengengozi kunye nomlingo ngokwemigangatho yeShedyuli. Ukuqhuba uphando, isicelo kufuneka senziwe kwiSebe lezeMpilo kunye neNkonzo zoLuntu ukuze kufumaneke i-marijuana yocwaningo; inambuzane evela kwifama enye eUnited States eye yavunyelwa ngokusemthethweni ukuba ikhule, ifama kwiYunivesithi yaseMississippi.
Kuphela ngo-Agasti 2016 ngaba i-DEA yatsho ukuba iya kuvumela ezinye iifunivesithi ukuba zifake izicelo zokukhuphula i-mariju ngenjongo yophando.
Emva koko abaphandi kufuneka bafumane imvume evela kwi-DEA ukuba bathathe kwaye bathuthe iyeza. Iminyaka ingadlulela ngaphambi kokuba isifundo singakwazi ukuphuma emhlabathini, ukuba kukho konke. Isiphumo sokuphela kukuba akukho zininzi izilingo zeklinikhi zokuxhasa ukusetyenziswa kwayo, ubuncinane abaneleyo ukukholisa urhulumente wephondo. Hayi ngoku.
I-Marijuana yezoNyango
Noko ke, kukho ezinye iinjongo zokuxhasa ukusetyenziswa kwekliniki. Kukho uphando olubonisa inzuzo yezempilo yentshonalanga kunye neziphumo zayo, ngokukodwa inxalenye esebenzayo yentsangu eyaziwa ngokuba yi-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).
Olunye ulwazi, nangona kunjalo, lufumaneka kwizilwanyana kunabantu.
Izimo zonyango ezineenkcukacha zokuxhasa ukusetyenziswa kwebhonasi yonyango, ubuncinane kumlinganiselo othile, zibandakanya:
- Ukunciphisa ukutya
- Intlungu enxulumene nomhlaza
- Ukuhlutywa
- Glaucoma
- HIV
- Isifo sokugubhuka
- Isihlunu kunye nokuhlanza
- I-peripheral neuropathy
Kukho inkxaso encinane yokusetyenziswa kwegciwane lezokwelapha kwi-fibromyalgia, isifo sikaHuntington, isifo sika-Parkinson, isifo sesifo se-rheumatoid, okanye intlungu engahambelani nomhlaza.
Kuzo zonke iimeko, iziphumo zecala lwe-psychoactive zixhalaba.
Ulawulo lwezoKutya nokuLawula iziDakamizwa njengamanje livuma imithi emibili ye-cannabinoid yokusetyenziswa e-United States. I-Cesamet (nabilone) kunye ne- Marinol (i-dronabinol) isetyenziselwa ukhathaza isicupunu kunye nokuhlanza kubantu abasebenzisa i-chemotherapy. I-Marinol ingasetyenziselwa ukuphatha i-anorexia kunye nokulahleka kwesisindo kubantu abane-HIV. Ezi zonyango ziyiShedyuli II kunye no-III, ngokulandelanayo, nangona zivela kwi-THC.
I-Medicare kunye neMarijuana yonyango
I-Medicare ayiyi kuhlawula iShedyuli I amachiza kuba ngeenkcazo abayimfuneko yempilo. Akunjalo kuphela, kodwa i-Medicare yinkqubo yesigqeba kunye nakwi-DEA, i-agency federal, i-marijuana inxamnye nomthetho. Ngaphandle kokuba i-DEA yenza utshintsho lweeshedyuli (kwaye wenqaba ukwenza njalo ngo-Agasti 2016), i-marijuana yonyango isuke etafileni kubaxhamli be-Medicare ngaphandle kokuba bafuna ukuyihlawula ngaphandle kwepokothini .
Oko kubonakala ukuba yintoni eyenzekayo!
Ngokwezifundo ze-2016 kwiMicimbi yezeMpilo, ukuchitha imali kwiCandelo D imithi kuyehla kwiindawo apho inambuzane yonyango ifikeleleke khona. Oku kuthetha ukuba abantu baphendukela kwi-marijuana yonyango endaweni yoko. Ngokukodwa, iCandelo D imishanguzo yayimiselwe ngaphantsi kweemeko ezingaphathwa ngenye indlela kunye nenambuzane yonyango.
Ukulondolozwa kweMedareri kuye kwaba yi-165 million yezigidi ngo-2013. Abaphandi baqikelele ukuba loo mali yayingaphezulu kwama-470 yezigidi zemali ukuba i-marijuana yezokwelapha yayisemthethweni kulo lonke ilizwe. Ngaba amaziko e-Medicare neeNkonzo zeMedicaid (i-CMS) aya kubona i-marijuana yonyango njengendlela yokunciphisa iindleko kwixesha elizayo? Ubuncinane kwiindawo apho kusemthethweni? Ixesha liza kuxela.
> Imithombo:
> Bradford AC, uBradford WD. Imithetho yeMicrojuana yezoNyango iyanciphisa iMicrosoft Medicine Usetyenziso kwiCandelo leMpilo. 2016 kuJulayi; 35 (7): 1230-1236. i-doi: 10.1377 / hlthaff.2015.1661.
> Ulawulo lokuLawula iMichiza. UkuCwangcisa iziMilo. https://www.dea.gov/druginfo/ds.shtml.
> Elawulayo: I-States kunye neeNgingqi. Imephu yeMarjuana yeMithetho yeMephu. http://www.governing.com/gov-data/state-marijuana-laws-map-medical-recreational.html.
> I-Murnion B. I-medicinal cannabis. Aust Prescr. NgoDisemba ka-2015; 38 (6): 212-5. Ngomhla ka-Epub ka-2015 1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4674028/.
> Isizwe seSizwe sokuSetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi. Amachiza: Ngaba i-Marijuana Medicine? https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/marijuana-medicine. Julayi ebuyekeziwe.