Ngokuqhelekileyo sicinga ngamacense oqhagamshelwano njengezixhobo zonyango ezilula ukulungisa iingxaki zethu zembono. Enyanisweni, ii-lens ziyaqhelana kwaye zixhaphake kwihlabathi jikelele ukuba uluntu lubhekisele kubo njengemveliso ngaphandle kwezixhobo zonyango. Kodwa namhlanje, uqhagamshelana nama-lens asetyenziselwa ukunyanga iingxaki zezilingo ezinzulu. Kwangexesha elide, oogqirha bamazi baye basebenzisa "i-bandage contact lens" ukuba baphathe iingxaki zamehlo ezifana ne-filamentary keratitis, iziganeko ze-epithelial eziphindaphindiweyo kunye neempembelelo ze-corneal kunye ne-abrasions.
Ngoku kutshanje, iifowuni zoqhagamshelwano ezifana ne-Prokera zizisa iimpawu zokuphilisa kwi-cornea nge-amniotic tissue. Ama-amniotic tissue athatyathwa kwi-placenta kwaye asetyenziswe ukwenza uhlobo lwe-lens ye-bandage ekuncediseni ukuphilisa i-cornea. Nangona kunjalo, abaphandi baye baqalisa ukusebenzisa iilensi zokunxibelelana ukuze bancedise inkcubeko kunye neeseli ezinomsoco ezigulini kwizigulane. Ezi iilensi ze-cell-stens ezisetyenzisiweyo zisetyenziselwa ukuphatha izifo eziphezulu zamehlo.
Ziziphi iiStem Stem?
Iiseli zesitembu zingamaqumrhu emzimbeni ongenamsebenzi kwaye ulindele ukuguqulwa kwiiseli ezikhethekileyo ukwenza imisebenzi ethile. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeeseli ezinamaqabunga: ama-cell stem amaseli kunye nama-cell stem cells (ngamanye amaxesha abizwa ngokuba ngama-cell stem cells.) Ezi iiseli ziyakwazi ukwahlula kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli ezinjengelikhumba, iliso, imbilini kunye nama-muscle. Ama-cell stem asele afunyanwa kwiindawo ezininzi emzimbeni kwaye ahlale elele kude kube nezifo okanye ukulimala kwesikhumba.
Emva koko bahluke kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeselingi ukuze bathathe indawo yesikhumba. Zicingelwa ukuba zikwazi ukwahlula nokuziphindaphinda ngonaphakade.
Ngokwahlukileyo, amaseli e-embryonic stem kuphela avela kwi-embryo yomntu omdala ongama-4-5. Xa zisetyenziselwa uphando, ziphuhliswa kwibhubhoratri kwaye zithe zafunyanwa ngokuthe ngqo kuluntu.
Amaseli e-embryonic stem akwazi ukwahlukanisa nakweyiphi na isisu emzimbeni womntu, ngelixa iisetyingi ze-adult stem zikhawulelwe kwizinto ezinokukhula ngazo. Ingxabano ikhona ejikeleze ukusetyenziswa kweeseli ezinamazinyo ekunyamekelweni kwezonyango, kodwa oku kubandakanya iiseli zamanzi ezinjenge-embryonic, njengama-cell stem cells angatholakala ngokuthe ngqo kumzimba kwaye angabandakanyi ama-embrasi yabantu.
Ingaba isebenza kanjani?
Elula kwaye engabizi, inkqubo ayiyiyo ingenelo kwaye ayifuni ukusetyenziswa kwezicubu zomntu zangaphandle okanye iimveliso zezilwanyana. Inani elincinci leethambo ezivela kwimeko yesigulane livunwa kwiiseli ezinamahlumela. Zibekwe kwii-lens zokunxibelelana ze-hydrogel ezivunywe yi-FDA. Ezi iiseli ziyakhuliswa kwaye zikhulile kwisigulane somguli.
Iiseli ezinamahluma zikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye zifihla ubuso bomnxeba wokudibanisa kwimiba yesibini ukuya kwiiveki ezintathu. Xa i-lens ifakwe kwijoni lesigulane, iiseli zifudukela kwi-cornea kwinkqubo inzululwazi engayiqondi. Iiseli zaqala ukukhula kwaye zakha uluhlu olutsha olubonakalayo lwama-cell oluthembela ukubuyisela umbono nokulungisa iziphazamiso zamehlo. I-lens ingaba yi-biodegradable. Akukho zixhobo ze-sutures kwaye akukho zixhobo ezinqabileyo ezifunekayo ukugqiba inkqubo.
Iipilisi zangaphambili ezisebenzisa iistim ze-stem ezibandakanyeka ukufakelwa iiseli kwijoni kusetyenziswa izicubu zomntu.
Nangona kunjalo, izinga lokuphumelela lihluka kwaye lingahluleka emva kweminyaka embalwa njengoko iso lokuphilisa alikwazi ukugcina ii-cell stem. Ukusebenzisa amaseli esigulane ngesigulane endaweni yeeseli ze-stem ezingenako ukuphazamisa ukukhathazeka ngokuchaswa. Oku kunokuba luncedo kakhulu kwiimeko apho iibhanki zamathambo eziqhelekileyo ziphelile okanye azifumaneki, okanye kwiindawo ezingenayo ibhanki ye-tneue for transplant. Iilensi zokuqhagamshelana ezinokutsha ezinokutsha ziqulethe iipokethi zendlu kwaye zikhusele iiseli ezinamabala.
Ithini i-Cell Stem Yokunxibelelana?
Iilensi zoqhagamshelwano ezilayishwe ngamaseli azintlu zijoliswe ngokuphambili ekuphatheni iziphazamiso ze- cornea , isakhiwo esicacileyo se-dome esifundeni.
Ukuxhatshazwa kwe-corneal kudla ngokuchaphazela i-cornea yangaphandle, iiseli ze-epithelial, kwaye kunokubangelwa zizikrakra ezivela kutyando, izikrakra eziphazamisayo, izifo, ukukhubazeka kwegazi kunye nokuvuvukala kwamehlo enomileyo. Iimpawu zesifo se-corneal zibandakanya intlungu, ukubetha, ukuguqulwa kombono kunye novelwano lokukhanya.
Isimo esona siqhelekileyo esiphathwe nge-stem cell, iilensi zokuxhumela ezikhulayo ziyi-cell-stem cell defence. Ukunqongophala kwe-cell stem ye-Limbal kunokubangelwa yintlungu evela kumatshini okushisa, ukushisa kwamafutha kunye nesimo somzimba esibizwa ngokuba yi-anemiadia yokuzalwa. Okuthakazelisayo, oogqirha babona ukwanda kwezigulane ezine-stem cell sten deficiency ezivela kwezinye iindawo ezifana nokugqithisa kwexesha elide, i-ocular disease njengesifo esingapheliyo, utyando lwe-cataract kunye ne-glaucoma ethile kunye ne-pterygium.
> Umthombo:
> Di Girolamo, uNick. I-Tech-Based Based Technique yoKwandiswa kunye nokuThuthukiswa kwee-Autologous Epithelial Progenitors kwi-Ocular Surface Reconstruction. Utshintsho , 2009.