I-Cystoisosporiasis (eyayibizwa ngokuba yi-isosporiasis) yintsholongwane engaqhelekanga yintsholongwane yamathambo ahlukaniswe ngamaziko e-US for Control and Prevention (CDC) njenge- AIDS-defining condition . Ukuxhaphaka kwehlabathi jikelele kunokuhluka, kunye nezifo ezenzeka rhoqo kwiindawo ezitshatyalaliswayo eziseTropiki okanye eziphantsi komhlaba (ngakumbi iCaribbean, Central America kunye neMzantsi Afrika).
Ngokuza kwe- antiretroviral therapy (ART) , i-cystoisosporiasis ithathwa njengeyinqabileyo kubantu abaphila ne-HIV kwihlabathi eliphuhlisiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphazamiseka kwamanye amazwe kuye kwabikwa kwiminyaka yamuva, ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yokubuya kwabahambi okanye abafuduka kwimimandla yasempuma.
Agent Causal
I-Cystoisosporiasis ibangelwa yiCystoisospora belli ( C. belli ), i-parasite yamathumbu ehambelana ne- Toxoplasma gondii ( T. gondii ) ne- Cryptosporidium .
( T. gondii kunye neCreptosporidium yi-agent engumzekelo wezinye izimo ezimbini ezichazwe nguGawulayo, i- toxoplasmosis yengqondo kunye ne- cryptosporidiosis , ngokulandelanayo).
Indlela yoThutho
Abantu baziwa kuphela kwiintlobo zeCelli , isifo esasasazekayo ngokutya okanye ngamanzi ahlambulukileyo ngamanqatha kubantu abasulelekileyo. Ukudluliselwa ngesondo ngomlomo ("rimming") kunokwenzeka.
Iimpawu
Iimpawu zingaphila iiveki kwaye zibandakanya iintlungu zesisu kunye nesifo sohudo, kunye nobuthathaka kunye ne-fever-grade fiver.
Kubantu abaxhatshazwe ngumzimba, ezi zimpawu zingaphuthuka ekudambiseni amanzi, ukungondleki okanye ukunyanzeliswa xa kungashiywanga.
Ngabantu abanezixhobo ezikhuselekileyo, uKuhlobo lwe- belli sulelo luhlala lugxininisa.
Ukuxilongwa
Inkcazo yekliniki ayifani naleyo kwi cryptosporidiosis kwaye idinga ukuhlolwa kwe-sampuli yesigulane (okanye, ngezinye izikhathi, i-biopsy udonga lwamathumbu) ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxilongwa.
Unyango
I-Cystoisosporiasis idlalwa rhoqo nge-sulfa-based antibiotic, i-trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ).
Ngabantu abanezixhobo ezikhuselekileyo, i-cystoisosporiasis ngokuqhelekileyo isifo sokuzincipha kwaye ihlala isombulula kwiintsuku ezimbalwa zonyango. Abantu abaxhatshaziwe ngama-immune abanama- CD4 angaphantsi kwe-150 cells / μL ngokubanzi baphendula ngokuncinci kakuhle kwaye banako ukuphinda baphinde baphinde baphinde baphelelwe unyango. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, iprophylaxis yobomi be-TMP-SMZ ingaboniswa.
Epidemiology
I-Cystoisosporiasis ihlala eAfrika, e-Australia, eCaribbean, eLatin America nase-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia. Kwamanye amazwe, njengeHaiti, abaninzi abantu abayi-15% banesifo sikaCelli. Phakathi kwabantu abane-HIV ephezulu (isibalo se-CD4 ngaphantsi kweeseli ezingama-200 / mL), isantya siphezulu nakakhulu, sihamba nge-40%.
Uhambo lwaMazwe ngamazwe luye lwaququzelela ukusasazeka kwesi sifo kwezinye iindawo, ngokuphazamiseka okunye kwaphawula kwingingqi yaseLos Angeles ukususela ngo-1985 ukuya ku-1992. Kulo mzekelo, ukusuleleka kuqinisekiswe ngokuyinhloko kwiindawo zaseSpain kwaye phantse phakathi kwabantu abachazwe njenge-AIDS. Ukunyameka kwavela phakathi kwama-5-7%.
Ngoku kutshanje, abahlali baseAtlanta babekholelwa ukuba banesifo sikaCelli kunye noJulayi 2015, kunye nomntu oyedwa wabika ukuba ubuyile ehambo oluya eKenya.
Amaxabiso kwimali engenayo ephantsi, amazwe aphezulu aphethwe ngokugqithisileyo kwiminyaka yamuva ngenxa yokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwe-TMP-SMZ, isilwanyana esinikwe njengeprophylaxis ukukhusela i-pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) kubantu abane-HIV.
Ukubhengezwa: sis-to-eye-spore-EYE-uh-sis
Kwaziwa nangokuthi : I- Isoporiasis
Imithombo:
Amaziko e-US for Control and Prevention (CDC) yeZifo. "Isihlomelo se-A-AIDS-Defining Conditions." Atlanta, Georgia; gqibela ukuhlaziywa ngoNovemba 20, 2008.
I-Heyworth, M. "Izifo ezithintekayo kwiimikhosi ezingabonakaliyo." Cryptosporidiosis, isosporiasis, kunye ne-strongyloidiasis. " Iiklinikhi zeGastroenterology zaseNyakatho Melika. 1996; 25 (3): 691-707.
I-Lagrange-Xélot, M .; Porcher, R .; Sarfati, C .; okqhubekayo. "I-Isosporiasis kwizigulane ezineentsholongwane kaGawulayo kwixesha eliphikisanayo le-antiretroviral therapy eFransi." IHIV. Fe bruwari 2008; 9 (2): 126-130.
Guiguet, M .; Furco, A .; Tattevin, P .; okqhubekayo. Usulelo lwe-HIV lwe-HIV lwe-HIV kwi-british: iimeko kunye nemingcipheko kwiSibhedlele saseFransi kwi-HIV. " IHIV. Matshi 2007; 8 (2): 124-130.
Sorvillo, F .; Lieb, L .; Seidel, J; okqhubekayo. "I-Epidemiology ye-isosporiasis phakathi kwabantu abane-immunodeficiency syndrome e-Los Angeles County." I- American Journal of Medicine Tropical and Hygiene . Disemba 1995; 53 (6): 656-9.
Petchenik, M. "Oogqirha bakholelwa i-parasite ebangela ukugula okungaqondakali e-Atlanta." KwiNew Dayton Daily; yapapashwa ngoJulayi 15, 2015.
DeHovitz, J .; EPape, J .; Boncy, M .; okqhubekayo. "Ukubonakaliswa kwezonyango kunye neyeza zonyango lwe-Isospora belli kwizigulane ezine-immunodeficiency syndrome." I- New England Journal of Medicine . Julayi 10, 1986; 315 (2): 87-90.