Kukho iziqhelo eziqhelekileyo, kodwa akukho bantu ababini abafanayo
I-Down syndrome yinto engavamile yokuchithwa kwe-chromosomal ebangelwa ikopi eyongezelelweyo ye-chromosome 21. Ngokweziko zokuLawula nokuKhusela izifo, malunga ne-700 kubantu abazalwa nge-Down syndrome.
Nangona abantwana abane-Down syndrome benemisebenzi ebonakalayo kunye neengxaki zonyango eziqhelekileyo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba abaninzi abantwana abane-Down syndrome banempilo.
Ingozi yabo yokuphuhlisa iingxaki ezithile zezokwelapha, iingqondo nezengqondo ziphezulu, kodwa unyango luhlala lufana nalezi ngxaki ingaba zivela kubantwana abane-Down syndrome okanye abangenayo i-Down syndrome.
Akunakwenzeka ukuthetha ukuba iziphi iimpawu ze-Down syndrome ziya kuthetha ntoni na omnye umntu, zikhona iziganeko eziqhelekileyo ezibonakalayo, iingxaki zonyango, kunye nokulibaziseka okuphuhlisayo okuchaphazela abantu abaninzi abane-Down syndrome.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo phakathi kwalabo abane-Down Syndrome
Okwangoku, iziganeko ezingaphezu kwama-120 ezahlukeneyo, ezonyango, nezengqondo ziye zachazwa kubantu abane-Down syndrome. Zonke iintsana kunye nabantu abane-Down syndrome baneempawu zobuso ezibonakalayo, iimpawu zomzimba, iingxaki zonyango, kunye nokulibaziseka kwengqondo ngokufanayo.
Iimpawu kunye neengxaki zonyango ezinxulumene ne-Down syndrome ziyahlukahluka. Ezinye izinto eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
- Isiqu esifutshane
- Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo
- Ukulibaziseka okuphuhlisayo
- Iintsilelo zeentliziyo
- Iingxaki zeTyroid
- Intamo yomthi kunye neminwe
Abantwana abane-Down syndrome bathambekela ukwabelana ngezinto ezithile zobuso neziphathekayo ezifana nesiprofeto sesibhakabhaka esicacileyo, ukunyuka okuphezulu kwamehlo, iindlebe ezincinci kunye nolwimi olukhulu okanye olukhukhulayo. Ekuzalweni, iintsana ezine-Down syndrome zivame ukubonakala "i-floppy" ngenxa yemeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-hypotonia (ithoni ephantsi ye-muscle).
Nangona i-hypotonia inokuthi iphinde iphuculwe kunye nobudala kunye neyonyango, abaninzi abantwana abanesifo se-Down syndrome bafikelele kwiindawo eziphuhlisayo-ezifana nokuhlala, ukukhwela, nokuhamba-kamva kunezinye iifana.
Ekuzalweni, abantwana abane-Down syndrome kaninzi banokulinganisa ubukhulu, kodwa bavame ukukhula ngezinga eliphantsi kwaye bahlale bancinci kunabanye abantwana babo ubudala. Kwiintsana, ithoni ephantsi ye-muscle inokubangela ukuba kube neengxaki zokusondeza kunye nokulibaziseka kweemoto. Iintsana kunye nezingane ezikhulile zingase zilibale ekutheni nasekufundeni kwezakhono ezifana nokutya, ukugqoka kunye nokuqeqeshwa kwangasese.
Ukukhubazeka ngengqondo
Bonke abantu abane-Down syndrome banesimo esithile sokukhubazeka kwengqondo. Ukuba umntwana wakho une-Down syndrome, bangafunda ngesantya esicothayo okanye babe nobunzima bokuqiqa kunye nokugweba okunzima. Abantwana abane-Down syndrome banako ukufunda, kwaye banako ukuphuhlisa izakhono kulo lonke ubomi babo. Bavele bafikelele kwiinjongo kwixesha elithile.
Kukho ukungaqondi kakuhle ukuba abantu abane-Down syndrome bane-"static" okanye ikhono elinqunywe ngaphambili lokufunda. Oku akunjalo. Abantu abane-Down syndrome bakhula ngexesha lokuphila kwabo kwaye kufuneka baphathwe ngokufanelekileyo. Ubunakho bokufunda bomntu one-Down syndrome lunokunyuswa ngokungenelela kwangaphambili , imfundo enhle, ukulindela okuphezulu kunye nokukhuthaza.
Iingxaki zonyango
Nangona abaninzi abantwana abane-Down syndrome bengenayo ingxaki ebalulekileyo yezokwelapha, abanye banokufumana iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zonyango ezifuna ukunonyamekela. Ngokomzekelo, phantse ama-40 ekhulwini kubo bonke abantwana abazalwa nge-Down syndrome baya kuba nesifo senhliziyo. Ezinye zezi ziphoso zinyameko kwaye azifuneki unyango kwaye abanye banzima kwaye bangadinga ukuhlinzwa kunye nolawulo lwezokwelapha. Nangona kunjalo, khumbula ukuba ukuba ama-40 ekhulwini kwabantwana abane-Down syndrome bazalwa benesiphako sentliziyo, oko kuthetha ukuba iipesenti ezingama-60 zabantwana abane-Down syndrome abanenkinga yeentliziyo.
Ezinye iziganeko zonyango ezinokuthi zenzeke ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwiintsana ezine-Down syndrome ziquka iingxaki ze-thyroid , ukungasebenzi kwamathumbu, ukuphazamiseka kwamathambo, iingxaki zokuphefumula, imiba yesisindo, kunye nomngcipheko omncinci we-leukemia (malunga neepesenti eziyi-1).
Ngezinye izinto ezingaqhelekanga entanyeni ( atlantoaxial instability ) ngamanye amaxesha zifunyenwe kwaye zifanele zihlolwe ngugqirha. Ngenhlanhla, ezininzi zezi meko zonyango kwaye unyango lufanayo kubantu abane-Down syndrome.
Ukuva nokujonga
Phantse isiqingatha sabo bonke abantwana abane-Down syndrome banenkxalabo yokuva kunye nombono. Ukulahleka kokuva kungenziwa ngenxa yokungafani kwisakhiwo samathambo endlebe okanye ngaphakathi ngenxa yezifo zentloko . Iingxaki zembono zibandakanya amehlo anqambileyo, iliso elibucayi, elikufuphi kunye nokujonga phambili, kunye nomngcipheko ophezulu weengxaki zengqondo. Ukuvavanywa rhoqo ngabafundi be-audiologist kunye ne-ophthalmologist kuyimfuneko ukufumana nokulungisa zonke iingxaki ngaphambi kokuchaphazela izakhono zolwimi nokufunda. Unyango luqhelekileyo ngeglasi kunye nezixhobo zokuva.
Ubuntu, ukuziphatha kunye neemeko zengqondo
Kungaba nzima ukuxubusha iimpawu zokuziphatha eziqhelekileyo ezibonwa kubantu abane-Down syndrome ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwaba bantu. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwabazali abanezingane ezine-Down syndrome baya kuxela ukuba abantwana babo bayonwabile, banentlalontle kwaye baphuma. Nangona oku kuyenzeka ngokuqhelekileyo, kubalulekile ukuba ungabonakalisi abantu abane-Down syndrome. Bafumana uluhlu olupheleleyo lweemvakalelo kwaye baneempawu zabo, amandla, ubuthathaka kunye nezitayela. Akukho bantu ababini abane-Down syndrome baya kuba nobuntu obufanayo.
Nangona abantu abane-Down syndrome bengenalo "uhlobo lobuntu," bahlala bexubusha ezinye iindlela zokuziphatha okanye iindlela zokuhlangabezana nazo. Ngokomzekelo, abantu abaninzi abane-Down syndrome bakhetha uhlaziyo, umyalelo, kunye nobunye yindlela yabo yokujongana neengxaki zobomi bemihla ngemihla. Oku kukhethwa kwimihla ngemihla kungabonwa njengenkani. Enye indlela edlalwa ngayo kubantu abane-Down syndrome "ukuzithetha." Ukuzithetha-ncoko yinto yokuthetha ngokuzwakalayo kwaye ucinga ukuba abantu abane-Down syndrome basebenzisa ukuthetha ngokwabo njengendlela yokucwangcisa ulwazi kunye nezinto zokucinga .
Ngoxa abantu abane-Down syndrome banokuziphatha okuthile kunye nokusebenza ngendlela efanayo, bajamelana nobungozi obuninzi kwiimeko ezithile zengqondo. Izifo eziphezulu zokukhathazeka, ukuxinezeleka, kunye nokukhathazeka okugqithisileyo konke kuye kwabikwa kwi-Down syndrome. Ukunyangwa kwezi ngxaki kubantu abane-Down syndrome kufana nabantu abangenayo i-Down syndrome kwaye baquka ukuguqulwa kokuziphatha, ukunikwa iingcebiso kunye nokuba ngamachiza.
> Imithombo
> I-Grayerson, i-K., iintsana ezine-Down Syndrome-I-Guide yabazali abatsha , i-Woodbine House, ngo-1995.
> Chen, H., Down syndrome, i- Emedicine , ngo-2007