Ingqungquthela yamatye yasiza i-Fuel Gay Stigma ehlabathini lonke
Ukususela kwiintsuku zokuqala zengculaza , amadoda angama-gay ahlala echaphazelekayo ekusasazeni kwesi sifo kubantu abaninzi be-US. Le nkolelo yomelezwa yimibiko ngo-1984 ukuba ummeli waseFransi-waseCanada ogama lakhe linguGaëtan Dugas wayekhethwe njengesifo "soMonde weZero."
Nangona ubu bungqina kwiminyaka engama-20 edluleyo bekuye kwagxotha inkolelo yokuba uDugas wayengumthombo wokuqhambuka kweMntla yaseMerika, bekuphela ngo-2016 ukuba iqela lezityalo zenzululwazi linikeza ubungqina obucacileyo.
Iqela lephando elivela kwiYunivesithi yaseArizona laqhuba ukuhlolwa kweesampuli zegazi ezingaphezu kwe-2,000 eziqokelelwa kubantu baseGay Francis ngo-1970. Ukuhlalutya kwabo kwanikezela imfuyo yesifo sengculaza njengoko isasazeka kulo lonke uluntu lwabantu , litshintshe kwaye luguqule njengoko ludluliselwa ukusuka komnye ukuya kwesinye.
Abaphandi banako ukugqiba ekubeni isifo sele sagxuma kwiCaribbean kakuhle phambi kokuba uDugas ayenesifo. Kwakhona babonisa ukuba intsholongwane efunyenwe kwigazi layo yayinokuhlukahluka kohlobo lwezofuzo ngokuthelekiswa neesampuli ezithathwe kwabanye abantu kwiqela lokufunda.
Oku kuboniswe ukuba i-Dugas, eneneni, yayisulelekile kwintsholongwane eyayisasazeka kubemi ngexesha elithile. Ukuba i-Dugas ibe ngumthombo wokuqhambuka, intsholongwane yakhe yayingayi kuba nempembelelo yemfuza ye-pathogen enye.
Indlela i-Public Bias (kunye neTypo) Yakha "i-Zero Patient"
Ngexesha apho inkolelo ethi "Isigulana soMonde" saqala ukujikeleza, ukwesaba koluntu ngesifo kwakuphezulu.
Akunjalo kuphela abantu abaza kuqonda ukuba "umdlavuza wesifo somdlavuza" ubuye ubonakala kwezinye iindawo, babejongene neengxelo zemihla ngemihla ezixhumene nesi sifo kungekuphela nje kwamadoda angama-gay kodwa nakwamanye amaqela angamanye amazwe, njengabafuduki baseHaiti kunye nabasebenzisi beziyobisi .
I-blame yokusasazeka kwentsholongwane yayixhaphake, kwaye uluvo lukawonke-wonke luhlala luhlukana phakathi kwabangabamsulwa "abangenacala" abane-HIV (abantwana, i-hemophiliac) kunye nabangenalo.
Ngokuchasene nale ntlupheko yentlalo, ingxelo yokuba indoda engumfana oye waqinisekiswa ngokuthi "umthombo we-AIDS" wanika ingxelo ebeninzi ababefuna ukuyenza.
Yintoni eyabangela ukuba inkolelo yeyona nto ikhungatheke yinto yokuba yayingeyona nto isekelwe kwisayensi; yayisekelwe kwi-typo.
Ngowe-1984, xa izikhulu ezinee-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention kuqala ziqala ukulandelela inethiwekhi yesini yama-sex guy aqinisekisiwe ukuba ne-HIV, uDugas wachazwa ngokuthi "isigulane O," kunye nencwadi ethi "O" ibonisa " Phandle (ecaleni) laseCalifornia "
Nangona kunjalo, xa isatshati yagqitywa, igama likaDugas liye liphakathi kwinqanaba lezonyango. Oku kubonakala ukuba kukhokelela kwiipostiki zokubhalwa kwephepha apho uDugas wayenokuchongwa ngokungachanekanga ngokuthi "isigulane 0" (zero), kwaye "ungaguli" O njengoko bekujoliswe kuyo.
Ukuwa kwephutha kwagqitywa kuphela ngokukhululwa kweveli kunye Nendima Edlalwa Ngama- Randy Shilts, echaza ngengqungquthela yokuqala ye-AIDS kwaye ibonakalisa iDugas njengomxhasi wezesondo ongasondliyo ukusabalalisa isifo:
"I-Club Club, i-San Francisco, ngoNovemba ka-1982 ... Xa ukugwina kwayeka, le nsizwa yayigxotha emqolo wayo ngenxa yecuba." UGaëtan Dugas wafikelela kwiibane, wajika wenyuka kancane ukuze amehlo akhe Uthe ke wenza umxholo wokujonga izilonda ezibomvu esifubeni sakhe, wathi, 'Umhlaza wesiGay', phantse ukuba uthetha naye. 'Mhlawumbi uya kufumana.' "
Ama-Shil ahamba phambili ukuvakalisa ukuba uDugas "wadlala indima ephambili ekusasazeni intsholongwane entsha kwiphepha elinye laseUnited States kwelinye."
Indumiso ebalulekileyo efunyenweyo kwincwadi kunye nefilimu elandelayo yomeleza i-Dugas njenge-archetypal villain yenkathazo, ngelixa ibeka ngetyala ngokubhekiselele kwizesondo zoluntu lwengqingili ngokwayo. Ekuhlaziyweni kwabo kwincwadi, ukuHlola kweSizwe kuthiwa iDugas "iColumbus AIDS," ngoxa i- New York Post yaya kumxelela ukuba "Umntu Osinikela Ngayo AIDS."
Kuzo zombini iziganeko, abeendaba baveze "ukusabalalisa bonke abantu" bentlalo yabasetyhini njengoko kuchazwe yiShilts (ngubani yena kuphela oveze isimo sakhe sengculaza kungekudala ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe ngo-1994).
Impembelelo Enyamezelayo "Isigulana Sokugula" Iingcali
Ngaloo nto yayinamandla "inkolelo yesineke" yesiganeko samkela ukuba igalelo layo liye lavezwa ngaphaya kwemida yase-US. Kwiindawo zaseAfrika, apho iintlobo zentsholongwane kunye nama-anti-gay sentiments ziphakamileyo, "Isigulane seZero" sele sisetyenzisiwe njengendlela yokugxeka kunye nokubethelela abantu abathandana nabo besifo esiyingozi.
Ngoku nje ngo-2011, uDkt. Sam Okuonzi weKomiti yeeNkonzo zezeMpilo yase-Uganda wathi "isifo sengculazi sokuqala ... esibizwa ngokuthi yiGaetan Dugus (sic) ... esibizwa ngokuba nguMguli weZero" kwakukho ubungqina bokuba i-HIV isasazeka kwi-US ukuya eAfrika ngenxa yesini ngesondo. U-Okuonzi, umgqugquzeli womthetho wokulwa nomlingani wase-Uganda, wayekade evakalisa ukuba ubungqingili "bungaqhelekanga" ngokufanelekile ukuvalelwa kunye nokufa.
Izimangalo ezifanayo zokulwa ne-gay zenziwa eZimbabwe, xa ngo-2015 uMphathiswa wezeMpilo uDavid Parirenyatwa wagxininisa ukuba ubungqingili babangelwa i-28% yezinga lokusuleleka kwiintolongo, naphezu kokukhanyela amabanjwa amakhondomu ukuba azikhusele kangcono.
Kuma-US, ukunikezelwa kwetyala kuye kwabangela ukuxhatshazwa kwamadoda angama-gay, kuquka ukukholelwa kwexesha elide lokuba amadoda angamaqabane asebenza njenge "bhuloho yentsholongwane" kubafazi besini esithandana nabo. Ngoxa ezi ngxaki kunye nezinye iimbali ziye zazingavunyelwanga, ziqhubeka zenza imbonakalo yokuhlambalaza ngokobulili njengento engcolileyo, engenakuxanduva, okanye inobungqingili.
I-blame kunye ne-stigma ziyaqhubeka nokwazisa uluntu malunga ne-HIV. Inyaniso yokuba i-US kuphela yashintsha ngokusemthethweni ukuvinjelwa kwegazi lamanyala ngo-2016 ibonisa ukuba nokuba isayensi inokuthi ikhutshwe ngokungabikho kokusongela ngokungafanelekileyo kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwezinto ezingenakulungelelaniswa "kwimdla yoluntu." Iimbono ezinjalo ziqhubeka zihlawula ubungqina kwi-stigma ye-HIV , ukuhamba ngokuhamba ngokuphindaphindiweyo kuma- 20 engama-gay amadoda anesifo se-HIV ekuvavanyeni nasekuziphenduleleni kwizinga eliphezulu lokusuleleka kwintsholongwane yabantwana abangama-gay ( ngokukodwa amadoda angama-gay) .
Ingaba ukuxolelwa kweGaëtan Dugas kuya kuguqula le ngcamango engacacileyo. Yintoni ecacileyo kukuba ukuxhatshazwa kwe-"Zero Patient" isebenza njengesinye isikhumbuzo esimnyama sokuthi ukucwaswa kunye nokutheleleka ngokukhawuleza kudibaniswe njani, ukuseka abo "beza kuza" ukuze kulungele ukungabikho kolawulo lukaRhulumente okanye thina ngabanye.
> Imithombo:
> Amasebe okuLawula nokuVimbela (iCCDC). "INTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO Phakathi Kwabantu E-United States. Atlanta, Georgia.
UHenry, W. "I-Saga ephazamisayo yeSifo soMonde." Ixesha. Ipapashwe ngo-Oktobha 19, 1987.
> I-Independent (Kampala). "Uganda: Umvelaphi we-HIV - Inkolelo kunye neNqobo." Ipapashwe ngoJulayi 9, 2011.
> Mochone, T. "UMphathiswa: Ubungqingili bangela ukusuleleka kwe-HIV eZimbabwe. Izwi le-Afrika; Ipapashwe ngo-Agasti 14, 2015.
> Worobey, M .; Watts, T; McKay, R .; okqhubekayo. "Ii-1970 kunye ne-patient Zero HIV-1 uGenesis ikhanyisa imbali yokuqala ye-HIV / AIDS kwi-United States." Uhlobo. Septemba 2016; INGXELO: 10.1038 / uhlobo19827.