ISigqeba saseTexas senza i-Education Abstinence Back in Spotlight
Ngo-Matshi 31, 2015, abameli baseTexas bavota kakhulu ukuba baphambukise imali yezigidi ezingama-3 kwiimali ezivela kwiiprogram zokuhlola i-HIV ukuya kwi-abstinence based based education. Umlinganiselo, ngokubanzi uhlukaniswe kunye nemigca yeqela kwiNdlu elawulwa yiRiphabhulikhi, eyabangela ukrakra-ngamanye amaxesha ukutshintshana kwabantu abavela kumaDemokhrasi aphikisayo.
Nangona bevuma ukuba iTexas inezinga lesithathu lokusuleleka kwe-HIV kwilizwe, kunye nereyithi yesihlanu yokukhulelwa kwentsha, ummeli weRiphablikhi weStart uStart Spitzer wavikela umlinganiselo ngokuchaza ukuba "injongo yokuba wonke umntu aphephe aze atshate . "
UMdemokhrasi uHarold Dutton wabalwa ngokubuza imibuzo yeSpitzer ngokuzithiba, apho uSpitzer wathi "wayeyintombi xa wayeshadile eneminyaka engama-29."
Ukutshintshisiswa kakhulu kwintlanganiso yaseTexas kuveze ubungqina boluvo lokuziyeka, oludla ngokukhawuleza lugqithisa isayensi malunga neenkolelo zomntu kunye / okanye zokuziphatha.
Yiyo imeko edlalwa ngamaxesha amaninzi kwimbali ye- HIV , zombini apha nakwamanye amazwe, kwaye enye edla ngokungazange iphele ingancinci, ukuba kukho nayiphi na impembelelo kwindlela yokuziphatha ngokwesondo okanye ukukhusela i-HIV. Okubi nakakhulu, le ndlela ihlala iphumelela.
Imbali emfutshane yoLondolozo lweMfundo kwi-HIV / AIDS
Iinjongo ezijoliswe kakhulu kwi-education-based abstinence kwiminyaka eyi-2000, kunye namazwe amaninzi afumana into ebizwa ngokuba yi-"ABC" (okanye ukuCima / Ukunyaniseka / ukuthoba) indlela yokukhusela i-HIV. Umlinganiselo wamukelwa ngexesha i- antiretroviral iiprogram zelizwe zisezincinaneni kwilizwe eliphuhlisayo, kwaye kuphela isigxina esincinane sezigulane-ngaphantsi kwezigidi ezi-3 ngo-2005-ziphantsi kokunyamekela.
Kwamanye amazwe afana noMzantsi Afrika, olwachasene nempendulo kazwelonke phantsi kwemigaqo yokukhanyela uMongameli uThabo Mbeki , i-ABC yayivame ukubonwa ukuba yiyona nto kuphela yesicwangciso sikaRhulumente-njengokuba isantya sosulelo sisuka kwindawo apho omnye Abemi baseMzantsi Afrika abahlanu banesifo se-HIV.
Kwakulo xesha i-United States, phantsi kweCandelo likaMongameli weCandelo loKhuseleko loGawulayo lwe-AIDS (PEPFAR) , inkxaso yeenkqubo zokuzinqanda, kwinqanaba elinye lathatha inxalenye yesithathu kuyo yonke inqobo-mali yokukhusela ukuyeka ukutshatyalaliswa komtshato.
I-Uganda yayingenye yeentlanga zaseAfrika ukufumana ngokupheleleyo isizathu. Ngaphandle kwempumelelo enkulu, ukuphumelela kwangaphambili ekuphenduleni inkinga ye-AIDS ekupheleni kwee-1980 / ekuqaleni kwee-1990, ilizwe, phantsi koMongameli uYoweri Museveni, laqala ukuhlaziya i-ABC ngokususa iikhondom kwiingxoxo.
U-Museveni ngokwakhe wagxeba iikhondom ngokuthi "azifanelekanga" ngabantu base-Uganda, ngoxa i-Human Rights Watch yase-United States yabika ukuba ukususwa kweengcaciso zeHIV / AIDS kwinqanaba lezikole zezikolo eziprayimari, kunye nezixhobo zasesekondari ezichazwe ngesondo ngaphambi komtshato " kwaye waphakamisa ukuba i-HIV yayingenako ukungena kwiikhondom ze-latex.
Inkxaso-mali ye-US yokuzilahla kunye neenkqubo ezithembekileyo ezisezantsi kwe-Sahara yase-Afrika zanyuka ngo-2008, zibiza imali engaphezu kwama-1.3 billion.
Impembelelo yoKhusela kunye neNkqubo yokuthembeka
Ngo-2015, abaphandi baseYunivesithi yaseStford baqhuba uhlalutyo ukuze baqaphele indlela yokuziphatha ngokwesondo ngaphambi nangemva kokuba i-PEPFAR izikhokelo zokuthintela zenzeke ngo-2004.
Ijolise kumazwe angama-14 aphakamileyo aphezulu kwi-Afrika engaphantsi kwe-Sahara apho i-congressional markmarks ifuna ukuba i-33% ye-PEPFAR yokukhusela imali isetyenziswe kwi-ABC. Imilinganiselo yayifaniswa neentlanga ezisibhozo zase-Afrika apho i-PEPFAR i-finance ayithathanga izithintelo okanye izikhokelo zokuthintelwa.
Uhlalutyo lwalukwazi ukutshintsha utshintsho lweminyaka kwindlela yokuziphatha ngokwesondo njengoko kuchazwe
- Inani lamalingani ezesondo kunyaka odlulileyo kumadoda nabasetyhini
- Iminyaka yokuqala yokulala kwamadoda nabasetyhini
- Ukukhulelwa kwentombi
Akukho mpembelelo efunyenweyo, iholele abaphandi ukuba bathethe "ukubaluleka kokuhlola ezinye izinto eziphambili kwi-PEPFAR ekuphuculeni ukukhusela i-HIV kwi-Afrika engaphantsi kwe-Sahara."
Uphononongo luka-2006 lwemigaqo-nkqubo yase-US yi-Mailman School of Medicine Public at Columbia University yagqiba ukuba iinkqubo zemfundo zokuziyeka, njengoko zichazwe yimfuno zenkxaso-mali, zazingxaki "zokuziphatha, ngokuthintela ulwazi kunye nokukhuthaza imibono engathandabuzekiyo neyiyo. amalungelo oluntu ebalulekileyo kwimpilo, ulwazi kunye nobomi. "
Iingxabano malunga nokuPhepha kwiZikolo
Kwabikwa ngoMeyi 2015 ukuba iSithili seSikolo seCroane Independent eMpuma eTexas (ngasezantsi e-Odessa) safumanisa iimeko ezingama-20 ze- chlamydia , ukusuleleka kwe-bacterial sexually transmitted, phakathi kwabafundi bayo. Ukuqhambuka, apho ii- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) zichazwe ngokuthi "ziphelile," kwakhona zibonise ukuba aba-6% abafundi besikolo esiphakamileyo kwisithili-malunga nanye kwi-15-beye baphathwa nge-chlamydia.
Umongameli wezithili zeSikolo uJim Rumage wabeka isohlwayo kwiprogram yokufundisa yokuziyeka , ebonisa ukuba "kubonakala ngathi ayisebenzi" ngelixa edibanisa ukuba "ngabazali baxanduva lokufundisa abantwana babo ngemfundo yesondo."
Emva koko, ibhodi yesikolo ivotele ukufaka imfundo yesondo kwikharityhulam yesikolo esiphakamileyo.
Into ebonwayo kwiSithili seSigqeba saseKrene Independent yayingekho yinto engavamile. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-2011 ye-University of Georgia ngokugqibeleleyo kwe-abstinence-kuphela kwagqitywa ukuba "ukugxininisa ngokugqithiseleyo kumgaqo karhulumente, ukukhulelwa kwentsha kunye nokuzalwa komlinganiselo."
Ngokwahlukileyo, isondo esipheleleyo kunye ne- HIV / STD yemfundo-apho amaxesha amaninzi ayebandakanya ukuziyeka njengendlela yokuziphatha-ehambelana nokukhulelwa kwentsha ephantsi kunye nokukhupha isisu kuwo wonke amazwe, abaphandi bathi.
Oku kuphakamisa ukuba ukuziyeka njengengxenye yencoko-ntetho ayikho into engalungile kodwa ukuba iinkqubo zokuzilahla, zithethwa ngamazwi abalobi, "zikhuthaza ukuziphatha ngokuzilahla ngeemvakalelo, njengengcamango yothando lomtshato, ukuziphatha kakuhle, ukwesaba ama-STD, kunye ukusasaza ulwazi olusilungileyo lwesayensi. "
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba ummeli we-Spitzer ukuvuma ukuba umtshato ungumgaqo osebenzayo wokukhusela i-HIV / STD ungathandabuzeki kakuhle. Iingxoxo zebhajethi yeeNkcazo zombuso ziza kuthatha isigqibo malunga nesiphumo saloo mqathango, nangona abanye besaba ukuba iSenate elawulwa yiRephabliki iya kuxhasa ezinye, ukuba kungekhona zonke, iziphakamiso zeNdlu.
Imizamo kwiNgqungquthela ye-84 yaseTexas yeSigqeba soMgaqo-nkqubo wokudibanisa amaninzi amanyathelo okukhusela amaninzi ayimfuneko yokukhawulelana aye ahlanganyiswa, kuquka:
- Umthetho osaYilwayo weNdlu 467 , owakususa ulwimi olubonisa ukuba izenzo zesondo ngaphambi komtshato kubangela ukulimala ngokwengqondo nangokwenyama (FAILED).
- UMthetho-osaYilwayo weNdlu 78 , oya kuqinisekisa ukuba imfundo yesini ibe ubungqina obunobungqina kunye nokuchanekileyo ngempilo kwaye ibandakanye ulwazi olufanelekileyo malunga nokukhulelwa kunye nokukhuselwa kwezifo ezivunywe yi-US Food and Drug Administration (FAILED).
- Yilwayo yeBhili ye-88 , eyayiya kufuna imfundo yezempilo yesikolo yesikolo ukuba ifake ulwazi malunga neendlela zokukhulelwa kwezilwanyana kunye nokukhusela ii-STD ngaphezu kokukhuthaza ukuziyeka (FAILED).
- I-Bill Bill ye-300 , eyayiya kufuna izithili zesikolo ukuba zixelele abazali ukuba isithili sifundisa imfundiso-kuphela yokufunda okanye iquka ulwazi malunga nokukhulelwa kwekharityhulam kwikharityhulam yezemfundo.
Imithombo:
Iindaba ze-ABC Eyewitness. "I-Texas Measure iCandelo leNgxowa-mali ye-HIV likhuthaza i-Abstinence Education." Epapashwe ngo-Ephreli 1, 2015.
Daily Times Express. "Awukho-U-E-Ed e-Texas School Uphakamisa Ukuphuphuma Kwe-Chlamydia?" Ipapashwe ngoMeyi 6, 2015.
Yabona, N; Lowe, A .; kunye neBendavid. E. "Impembelelo ye-PEPFAR yokuNqanda nokuNyaniseka kokuXhaswa kwiNgxaki yokuThuba kweNtsholongwane ka-Afrika kwi-Sub-Saharan Africa." INgqungquthela yeeRevrovirus kunye nezifo ezithintekayo (CROI); NgoFebruwari 23-26, 2015; Seattle, Washington; ingqiqo 160.
Santelli, J .; Ott, M .; Lyon, M .; okqhubekayo. "Ukuzilahla nokuziyeka-kuphela imfundo: Ukuhlaziywa kweenkqubo kunye neenkqubo ze-US." Umbhalo wezeMpilo yabantwana. Ja nuwari 2006; 38 (1): 72-81.
Umkhankaso waseTexas wokukhusela ukukhulelwa kwabafundi. "I-84 yeTexas yeSigqeba soMthetho." Ifikelele ngoJuni 27, 2016.