Ukuxhoma kwi-HIV okanye i-HIV Izidakamizwa
Ukulahleka kokuva akuqhelekanga kubantu abaphila ne-HIV, kwaye ngoku kutsho kubekho ukungqubuzana nokuba ngaba unyango lwe-HIV ; ukuvutha okungapheliyo okuhambisana nosulelo lwexesha elide; okanye i- HIV ngokwayo ingabangela inkunkuma.
Iingqungquthela zokuHlola, iZiphumo zoFundo
Emuva ngo-2011, uhlalutyo lweminyaka emihlanu oluqhutywa yiYunivesithi yaseRochester e-New York lugqiba ukuba akukho ntsholongwane kaGawulayo okanye unyango lwayo lwaluhlanganiswa nokulahlekelwa kwindlebe.
Uhlalutyo, olubandakanya ulwazi oluvela kumabutho amabini ama-long-co-Study (ii-MACS) kunye ne-Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) - uvavanyo lwe-optoacoustic emissions (okt, izandi ezinikezwa yindlebe yangaphakathi xa ikhuthazwa ) kwizigulane ezingama-511 ezine-HIV.
Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo, abaphandi baphetha ukuba izinga lokulahlekelwa kwindlebe phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba abazange bahluke-mhlawumbi nangaphantsi-kunokuba kubemi base-United States jikelele.
Ngo-2014, nangona kunjalo, elinye iqela lophando laphinde lahlawula umcimbi, kwaye ngeli xesha livavanya ukuba ngaba izigulane eziphakathi kweminyaka eli-40 ukuya kwi-50s-zingakuva iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezivela kwi-250 ukuya ku-8000 hertz (Hz) kwimilinganiselo eyahlukileyo. Ngeli xesha, iziphumo zahluke kakhulu: bobabini nabasetyhini abane-HIV babenzima ukuva iitoni eziphezulu kunye neephantsi, ngeentloko ezivakalayo zithatha i-decibel ezili-10 eziphakamileyo kunezo zabo ezingenasifo.
Nangona ukulahlekelwa kweendlebe kwixesha eliphakamileyo (ngaphezu kwe-2000 Hz) kuqhelekile kubantu abadala abaphakathi, amanqanaba aphantsi ahlala ehleli. Kwinqanaba le-HIV, ukulahleka okuqhubekayo kokuphulaphulwa kwe-low-and-frequency hearing kwakubonakala kuyimfuneko kwaye kwenzeka ngaphandle kwesigaba sesifo , unyango lwe-antiretroviral , okanye ukunamathela kwonyango .
Ubume obuphikisanayo lwezifundo kuphela lubonisa ukuphakanyiswa kwemibuzo engaphenduliweyo, kungekhona nje ukuba ilahleko lokuphulaphula ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungahambelani nxu lumene ne-HIV, kodwa yeyiphi indlela, ukuba kukho nayiphi na inokuthi ixanduva lokulahlekelwa.
Ngaba Ukuva Ukulahleka Kuphela Kwinkinga Yexesha?
Ngenxa yokuqulunqwa kophando lwe-MACS kunye ne-WIHS, abanye banokugqiba ekubeni i-HIV 'isongeza' ekulahlekelweni kweendlebe ezibonakalayo kubantu abadala. Ngokuqinisekileyo, kuvunyelwa ukuba ukuphikelela, ukuvutha kwexesha elide elichaphazelekayo kunye ne-HIV kunokubangela i- senescence ngaphambi kwexesha (ukuguga kwangaphambili) kwinani leenkqubo zombutho, kuquka intliziyo nengqondo. Ngaba kunengqiqo ukubonisa ukuba okufanayo kwenzeka ngeentetho zomntu?
Inani labaphandi abaqinisekanga. Olunye uphando olusuka kwiZiko lezeMpilo laseTaipei eTaiwan lenzelwe ukuvavanya ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe kwiqela eliphakathi kwezigulane ezingama-8,760 ezine-HIV kunye nezigulane ezingama-43,800 ezingenayo i-HIV. Ukulahleka kokuvavanywa kwavavanywa ngokusekelwe kwiirekhodi zezokwelapha kwiminyaka emihlanu ukususela ngoJanuwari 1, 2001, ukuya kuDisemba 31, 2006.
Ngokomphando, ukulahlekelwa kwintetho ngokukhawuleza (kuchazwe njengokulahlekelwa kwama-decibel angaphezu kwama-30 okanye ngaphezulu ubuncinane kwiintlobo ezi-3 ezithintekayo kwiiyure ezimbalwa ukuya kwiintsuku ezintathu) zenzeke phantse kabini rhoqo kwizigulane ze-HIV ezineminyaka eyi-18 ukuya kwe-35 kodwa kungekho kule minyaka engama-36 ubudala okanye ngaphezulu.
Nangona abaphandi bengenakukwazi ukugqiba ukuba i-HIV yimbangela ebangela ukulahleka okunjalo-ikakhulukazi ekubeni izinto ezinjengekuvakala kwengxolo kunye nokutshaya zazingabandakanywa kwi-analysis-i-scale of the study ibonisa ukuba i-HIV inokuthi ibangele igalelo .
Ngokufanayo, uphando olwenziwa ngo-2012 oluvela kwiNational Institutes of Health (NIH) lwenethiwekhi luye lwaphakamisa ukuba abantwana abanesifo se-HIV kwi-utero (esibelethweni) banamathuba amabini ukuya kweethathu ukuba banokulahlekelwa indlebe abaneminyaka engama-16 kunabo abangenayo bahlobo.
Kulo pho nonongo, ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe kuye kwachazwa nje ngokuba kukwazi ukubona kuphela i-decibel ezi-20 okanye ngaphezulu kunezinto ezinokulindela kuluntu jikelele.
Ucwaningo lwe-NIH luye lwagqitywa ukuba abantwana abafanayo banokuphindwa kabini ukuba banokuphulukana nokuphulaphulwa kweentetho kunabantwana abavelele kwi-HIV kwi-utero kodwa abangenayo. Oku kuphakamisa kakhulu ukuba ukusuleleka kwe-HIV, kwaye ngokwayo, kukuchaphazela ukuphuhliswa kwenkqubo yokuhlola kwaye kunokuthi uchaze ukuba kutheni abantu abadala abaseNtsholongwane kaGawulayo babika ngokukhawuleza, ukulahlekelwa kweentlawulo zentetho kwimpilo kamva.
Ngaba Izidakamizwa Zinokuthi Ziyingozi?
Ukudibanisa ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe kwi- antiretroviral therapy (i-ART) ibe yinkinga enkulu kakhulu kunokubambisana nokulahlekelwa yi-HIV ngokwayo. Ukususela ekupheleni kwee-1990, iinjongo ezincinci ziye zaphakamisa ukuba i-ART, njengento ezimeleyo, idibaniswe nobungozi obuninzi bokulahlekelwa kwindlebe. Uninzi lwezi zifundo ziye zabuzwa zinikezelwa ukuba izixhobo zonyango azizange zihlolwe kwaye zifana nezigaba zesifo, ukuqaliswa kwe-ART kunye nokuthobela akuzange kubandakanywe.
Uphando oluncinane, ngo-2011 oluvela eMzantsi Afrika lwafuna ukuphanda impembelelo ye stavudine, lamivudine , kunye ne- efavirenz (isebenzise ngokufanelekileyo kwi-ART yokuqala e-US ukusuka ekupheleni kwe-1990 ukuya ngasekuqaleni kwe-2000) kwintetho. Yaye ngelixa i-data ibonise ixabiso elincinci lokukhubazeka phakathi kwesigulane se-HIV kwi-ART, umphenyi wasweleka ukudibana nokulahlekelwa yiyobisi.
Nangona kunobungozi bobubungqina, kukho iinkxalabo ezingenakunikwa ingqalelo ngokwaneleyo kwimiphumo ye- antiretroviral (inxulumene neendlebe) ezibandakanya izilwanyana ezibandakanya iziyobisi , ezibandakanya iziyobisi ezinxulumene neziyobisi ezinokuthi ziphucule okanye zenze iimeko ezinxulumene ne-HIV, ingakumbi ezichaphazela inkqubo yegazi .
Njengoko ugxininiso oluthe gqolo lubekwe kumgangatho wobomi kunye nokukhusela izifo ezinxulumene nokuguga kwiintsholongwane zangexesha elide, ukunyuka okukhulu kunokufuneka kuthatyathwe ukwenzela ukunika iimpendulo ezicacileyo kumbuzo wokulahlekelwa kwindlebe kwi-HIV- abantu abanesifo.
Imithombo:
Khoza-Shangase, K. "I-Antiretroviral Treatment ephezulu kakhulu. I-Journal ye-Pharmacy ne-Bioallied Sciences. NgoJanuwari-Matshi 2012; 3 (1): 142-153.
Lin, C; Lin, S; Weng, S .; okqhubekayo. "Ingozi eyandisiweyo yokuLawula ngokukhawuleza ukulahlekelwa kwezigulane nge-Virus Immunodeficiency Virus. I-JAMA Orolaryngology - iNtloko kunye nokuPhepha kweNeck. Matshi 2013; 139 (3): 251-255.
Marra, C; Wechkin, H .; Longstreth, W .; okqhubekayo. "Ukuphulaphulwa kweLifo kunye ne-Antiretroviral Treatment kwizigulane ezichaphazelekileyo nge-HIV-1." IiNqoloba zeNewurology . Ngo-Apreli 1997, 54 (4): 407-410.
Torre, P .; Hoffman, H .; Springer, G; okqhubekayo. Umsebenzi we-Cochlear Phakathi kweSifundo seMigodi ye-AIDS (iMACS) kunye ne-Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). I-IAS ye-16 yeNgqungquthela kwi-HIV Pathogenesis, unyango kunye nokukhusela; ERoma, eItali; EyeKhala; 17-20 2011; TUPE138.
Torre, P .; Hoffman, H .; Springer, G; okqhubekayo. "Ukuvahleka Kokulahleka Phakathi Kwe-HIV-I-HIV-Seropositive-Seronegative Amadoda NamaTyhini." I-JAMA Orolaryngology - iNtloko kunye nokuPhepha kweNeck. Matshi 2015; 141 (3): 202-210.