Izigulane zizijonga 'zinzima' ngabagqirha
Uninzi lwethu luya kwi-Intanethi ngolwazi oluhlobene nempilo. Ngokwe-Pew Research Centre, ngo-2014, ama-87 ekhulwini labantu abadala base-Amerika babekwazi ukufikelela kwi-intanethi, ngo-2012, iipesenti ezingama-72 zabaphenduli bee-arhente zathi zikhangeleke kwi-intanethi ngolwazi oluhlobene nempilo kunyaka owedlule.
Kungekude kakhulu, izigulane zazingenakufumana ulwazi olunyango.
Ugqirha uza kuthatha imizuzu embalwa ukuchaza isifo, isifo sayo segciwane kunye neklasi elindelekileyo, elilandelwa yinkcazo yonyango. Ngenxa yokwanda kwe-Intanethi-iteknoloji eye yatshintshe amayeza ngaphezu kwanoma yintoni enye into eyenziwa yodwa-ugqirha-isigulane esinamandla sisitshintshile, kwakhona. Ngoku, nabani na ongakwazi ukufikelela lula kwiinkcukacha eziphathelene nempilo, kwaye izigulana zizisa olu lwazi kwi-ofisi yokutyelela.
Ngaloo nogumbe wolwazi lwezempilo, oogqirha banenkxalabo malunga nendlela izigulane zabo eziza kuluphatha ngayo yonke le ngcaciso kunye nokuba le ngcaciso iza kuba nefuthe njani "ubudlelwane nodokotela-mgulane", oko, ngokutsho kobabhali uSus Dorr Goold noMack Lipkin, Jr., ichazwa "njengendlela edibene ngayo idatha, ukuxilongwa kunye nezicwangciso zenziwe, ukuthotyelwa kwenziwa, nokuphulukiswa, ukusetyenziswa komonde kunye nenkxaso."
Ukususela kwimbono yekliniki, ulwazi lwezokwelapha olutholakala kwi-intanethi lubhekisela njengongezelelweyo kwaye lusetyenziswa kakuhle ukuzisa isinqumo sakho sezonyango-ungayifaki indawo.
Ulwazi lwezokwelapha olutholakala kwi-intanethi alufanele lukhokelele ukuxilonga okanye unyango.
Uphando lwe-intanethi ngabagulane
Izigulane zisebenzisa i-intanethi ngeendlela ezimbini.
Okokuqala, izigulana zifuna ulwazi phambi kweklinikhi ukutyelela ukuba ngaba kufuneka babone uqeqesho lwezempilo ukuze luqale.
Okwesibini, izigulane zifuna i-Intanethi emva kokuqeshanyelwa ukuqinisekiswa okanye ngenxa yokunganeliseki ngemali yeenkcukacha ezinikezelwa ngumboneleli wezempilo.
Nangona befumana ulwazi olunxulumene nempilo kwi-intanethi, uninzi lwabantu alusebenzisi i-intanethi ukuzibonela ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye kunoko bahambele kunye noogqirha babo ukuba bafumane ukuxilongwa. Ukongezelela, abaninzi abantu baphendukela kumagqirha abo ngemibuzo malunga neziyobisi kunye nolwazi malunga nokunyanga okunye kunye nokudluliselwa kwiingcali.
Abaphengululi abasebenzayo be-Intanethi baquka abantu abanezifo ezingapheliyo abangafunanga ulwazi oluthe xaxa malunga nokugula kwabo basebenzisa i-Intanethi kodwa babuye bancede abanye. Ukongezelela, abantu abangenayo i-inshorensi bavame ukubuyela kwi-intanethi ukuze bafunde kabanzi malunga neempawu kunye nokugula. Ekugqibeleni, abantu abanezifo ezinqabileyo, abaya kuba nzima ukuhlangabezana nabanye abafana nabo kwihlabathi lenene, bahlala babelana ngolwazi kunye namanqaku esayensi usebenzisa iiplani ze-intanethi.
Oogqirha baphendula ngeendlela ezintathu
Ngokwe-2005 ukuhlaziywa okupapashwe kwi- Education and Counseling ye-Patient Education , uMiriam McMullan ubonisa ukuba emva kokuba isiguli sinika ulwazi lwezempilo lwe-intanethi kumgqirha okanye omnye umboneleli wezempilo, umboneleli wezempilo unokuphendula kwisinye okanye ezinye iindlela ezintathu.
Ulwalamano oluphambili lwezeMpilo . Umboneleli wezempilo unokuvakalelwa kukuba igunya lakhe lezonyango lisongelwa okanye lisetyenziswe ngolwazi isigulane sichaza kwaye siya kusikhusela "ngumbono weengcali" ngokuvalela nayiphi na enye ingxoxo.
Le mpendulo iqheleke phakathi kwamagqirha abanezakhono zobuchwepheshe bezentlupheko. Ugqirha uza kusetyenziswa isisele esithile esigqithisele isigidimi ukuyalela isigulane kwi-course of action. Le ndlela ihlala ishiya isigulane singenelisekile kwaye sikhathazekile, kwaye izigulana ziyakushiya ukuqeshwa zikholelwa ukuba zona zixhotyiswe ngakumbi kunogqirha ekufuneni iinkcukacha zempilo kunye neendlela zokwelapha kwi-intanethi.
Ulwalamano olusisigxina . Ngolu hlobo, umboneleli wezempilo kunye nesigulane basebenzisane kwaye bajonge kwimithombo ye-Intanethi kunye.
Nangona isigulane sinexesha elingakumbi ukukhangela i-web, ugqirha okanye omnye umboneleli wezempilo angathatha ixesha ngexesha lomgulane edibeneyo ukuze agqume iwebhu kunye nesigulane aze amqondise kwimithombo efanelekileyo yolwazi olongezelelweyo. Iingcali zibonisa ukuba le ndlela ihamba phambili; Nangona kunjalo, abaninzi ababonelelayo bakhononda ukuba akukho xesha elaneleyo ngexesha lokutyelela kwiinkliniki ze-intanethi ukukhangela i-intanethi ngesigulane kwaye uxubushe ngezifo kunye nokonyango.
Myalelo we-intanethi . Ekugqibeleni udliwano-ndlebe, umboneleli wezempilo unokucebisa isigulane ezinye iiwebhsayithi zokubhekisela. Ngamawebhusayithi amaninzi ngokuphathelele kwimpilo, akunakwenzeka ukuba umniki-mprovuliso angabakhombisi. Kunoko, unokuncoma amawebhusayithi ambalwa kumaziko ahloniphekileyo, afana neCDC, MedlinePlus okanye i-NHS Iinqununu.
Ubomi bembono ye-Intanethi-Based Information
Akukho nto echazayo ngaphezu kweempendulo zabagqirha abava imibuzo kwizigulane 24/7. Kulo mva, uDkt. Farrah Ahmed kunye noogxa baququze amaqela amacandelo ayisigxina kunye namayeza angama-48 entsapho ababenemisebenzi esebenzayo eToronto.
Ngokwabaphandi, "Iingqungquthela ezintathu eziye zafunyanwa ngokubanzi: (1) iimpendulo ezibonwe zizigulane, (2) umthwalo wezilwanyana, kunye (3) nokuchazwa ngonyango kunye nokuxhomekeka kolwazi."
Ukuziphendulela okubonakalayo kwezigulane
Oogqirha kwiqela elijolise kuyo bathi ezinye izigulane ezithatha ulwazi lwezempilo lwe-Intanethi zididekile okanye zixinzeleleke ngedatha. Iqela elincinci lezigulane ezisetyenziselwa i-intanethi ukuba zifunde ngokubanzi malunga nezimo zonyango ezazisungulwa ngaphambili okanye ukuzithengisa ngokwazo okanye ezingekho unyango. Izigulane ezasebenzisa i-intanethi yokuzixilonga kunye nokuzonyango zibonwa "zinzima."
Amagqirha axela ukuba iimvakalelo zengqondo zizigulane zibe zikhulu kakhulu kolwazi apha, ukunyamekela kwezigulane ukuba zamkele ulwazi lwezempilo kwimfundiso engaboniyo kunye nokungakwazi kwezigulane ukuvavanya ngokucacileyo ulwazi lwezempilo olunikeziweyo.
Oogqirha babethanda xa izigulane zisetyenziselwa i-intanethi ukufunda kabanzi malunga nezimo zonyango ezazisungulwa ngaphambili. Nangona kunjalo, oogqirha abazange bayithande xa izigulane zisetyenziselwa ulwazi ukuba zixilise okanye ziphathe okanye zivavanye ulwazi logqirha. Akunjalo nje kuphela ukuba oogqirha babonakalisa ezi zigulane njengengqinamba kodwa "neurotic," "ukuchasana" kunye "nobunzima" kunye nokuvela kwimvelaphi yobugcisa. Oogqirha bahlala bexubusha iimvakalelo zomsindo kunye nokukhungatheka xa bekhusela ukuxilongwa kwabo kunye neyeza kunye nezigulane.
Nazi ezinye iigqabazo zonyango ezivela kumaqela okugxila:
"[Izigulane] zizalisekile ngeenkcukacha ezininzi ezingenangqondo, ezingayazi ukutolika, eziqhelekileyo."
"Bazisa uluhlu lwezinto ezifihlakeleyo kunye nezinto ezinxulumene neemeko ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ezinye zazo ziyingozi kakhulu ... Zicinga ukuba konke kwenzeka."
"Ndicinga ukuba kukho imeko enye apho i-intanethi iluncedo. Ukuba umntu unokuxilongwa, kwaye bafuna ukufumana okungakumbi, bazifundise ngokwabo ..., ndiyifumana ngokwenene ukuba luncedo kwiimeko apho ... akusixhasi ixesha. "
Umthwalo Wezonyango
Uninzi lwamagqirha aphendule ngexesha lohlolisiso lubonile ukuba ukujongana nolwazi lwezempilo olunikezwa isigulane kwakudla ixesha, kwaye wasebenzisa amagama alandelayo alandelayo ukuchaza amava: "ecasulayo," "ephazamisayo," "ecasulayo" . "Oogqirha bathi uvakalelwa kukuba kunzima ukujongana nolwazi lwezempilo olunikezwa isigulane, kwaye abazange babe nexesha lokwenza njalo.
Ngokubanzi, kwakukho ukunganyani phakathi kwamalungu eqela elijolise kuyo. Ukongezelela kumthwalo wokujongana nolwazi olungaphandle lwamaziko, oogqirha abaninzi babonakalisa inkxalabo malunga nomgangatho kunye nobungakanani bolwazi lwezempilo kwiwebhu. Ekugqibeleni, oogqirha abathile asebekhulile bavuma ukuba izakhono zabo zeekhomputha zibi.
Nazi izicatshulwa ezimbalwa ukusuka kwiqela lokugxila:
"Ngokukhawuleza ukuba ololuhlu luphuma ndinekwesaba ... [ngenxa yeengxaki zexesha kunye nayo yonke into."
"Andizikhumbuli izigulane eziza kunye nolwazi, kodwa kunzima ukuba zikunikezele ngephakheji, uyazi, ama-sheets angama-60 .... Ixesha liseprayim, ngoko lenza kube nzima kakhulu."
Ukuchazwa kweGqirha kunye nokuQinisekiswa koLwazi
Nangona bebengekho bonke abanomdla ngalo, oogqirha abaninzi ekuhlolisweni babecinga ukubeka ulwazi lwezempilo lwe-intanethi kwisimo kwizigulane njengenxalenye yemfanelo yabo. Ngamanye amazwi, uxanduva lomgqirha lokuqwalasela imbali yonyango ngamnye kwisigulane xa uxubusha ulwazi lwezempilo lwe-intanethi. Kwiigulane ezazingabakho-titshala, okanye zisetyenziselwa i-intanethi ukuba zifunde ngokubanzi malunga neemeko zangaphambili, le nkqubo yayiyinkqubo elula kakhulu kwaye yenziwe yonyango.
Nangona kunjalo, oogqirha bafumana ukugxotha ukufundisa izigulane ezazikhathazekile okanye zixinekeke ngolwazi olufumaneka kwi-Intanethi. Ekugqibeleni, izigulane ezisetyenziselwa i-intanethi ukuzihlola kunye nokuziphatheka ngokuzidla zihlala zibeka oogqirha "kwindawo" kwaye zifuna ukuba zikhusele izifo zazo zonke ixa zifanele zidibanise ulwazi olungalunganga oluvela kwi-intanethi.
Ngokuphawulekayo, iincinci zamagqirha abazange bazive ukuba ukutolika ulwazi lwezempilo lwe-intanethi kwakuxanduva lomsebenzi wabo. Ngaphezu koko, abanye oogqirha baye baye "abagulisa" izigulane ezathi zibuze ulwazi olunjalo, zikhuphe izigulane ezinjalo kwiingcali, okanye zihlawulise ngakumbi ukutyelela-zonke zibheke ukuziphatha okuzikhuselekileyo.
Okukwintsusa
Ulwazi lwezempilo kwi-Intanethi alupheli. Ezinye zeenkcukacha ziyingozi, ngakumbi ukuba awuyiqondi yonke into echazwe. Ngokomzekelo, ukuxilongwa kwesinye isifo seentloko kukuxilongwa, kodwa amathuba okuba naluphi na uhlobo lweentloko ezinxulumene neentlungu-ezincinci-ngokukodwa ukuba usemncinci kwaye unempilo.
Ulwazi oluqokelelwe kwi-intanethi lunokukunceda ngokumangalisayo njengoko kunjalo nakwizigulane ezineemeko zempilo ezingapheliyo ezifuna ukufunda okungakumbi malunga nokunyamekela kwazo. Nangona kunjalo, kunokunokulimaza, njengokuba kumntu oswele ngokungenasiphelo kwi-self-diagnosis, okanye ngaphezulu, umntu ozenzayo ngokuzifumanisa, oko kungabangela ukulimala komzimba. Khumbula ukuba ugqirha wakho unokunceda ukubeka ulwazi oluqolileyo kwi-intanethi kwisimo.
Kubaluleke kakhulu, ukuxilongwa akunakusekelwe kwiinkcukacha zezempilo ze-Intanethi yedwa. Ukuxilongwa yinkqubo ehambelanayo eyenziwa yinkampani. Ugqirha uncike kwi-acum ekliniki kunye nolwazi lwezobisi-ezinye zazo zifumaneka kwiwebhu-ukuxilonga isigulane. Ngokukodwa, ngokusekelwe kwimbali yonyango kunye neziphumo zokuvavanywa ngokomzimba, ugqirha unciphisa ukuxilongwa ngokuhlukileyo, okanye uluhlu oluphambili lwolu vavanyo. Iziphumo ezivela kwiimvavanyo zokuxilonga ziqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
Ukuba ufumana ulwazi kwi-intanethi ofuna ukuba ugqirha wakho uphinde uhlaziye kwaye uchaze, yinto efanelekileyo yokuyeka le nkcazelo ngogqirha wakho kwaye umcele ukuba akhangele xa enesithuba. Ngaphandle koko, unokucwangcisa ukuqeshwa okuhlukile ukuze uxoxe ngezinto ozikhathazayo.
> Imithombo:
> Ahmad F et al. Ngaba oogqirha bazimisele ukufumana izigulane ngeenkcukacha zezempilo ze-Intanethi? Umbhalo woPhando lwe-Internet lwezoNyango. 2006; 8: 3.
> Iinkcukacha zeMpilo. IPew Research Research Centre. http://www.pewinternet.org/fact-sheets/health-fact-sheet/.
> Kuehn BM. Izigulane ziya kwi-Intanethi zifuna iNkxaso, Iingcebiso eziSebenzayo kwiimeko zeMpilo. JAMA. 2011; 305: 16.
> Lanseng EJ kunye no-Andreassen TW. Ukunakekelwa kwempilo ye-elektroniki: Isifundo sokulungelelwa kwabantu kunye nesimo sengqondo ekusebenziseni ukuzibonela ngokwaso. I-International Journal of Industry Management Management. 2007; 18: 4.
> McMullan, M. Iziguli zisebenzisa i-intanethi ukufumana ulwazi lwezempilo: njani oku kuchaphazela ulwalamano lwezonyango lwezempilo. Imfundo noMcebisi. 2006; 63.