Iimpawu eziphambili kwiMfazwe yokuLawulwa kweNgcembelelo yehlabathi jikelele
Imbali ye-HIV igcwele ukuphumelela kunye nokungaphumeleli njengoko ihlabathi lijongene nento eya kuba yindlala enkulu emhlabeni jikelele. Yintoni eyayiqala kodwa iindawo ezincinci zezifo ezithe zanyuka ziba yintlupheko namhlanje echaphazela abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-36 emhlabeni jikelele.
Ixesha lexesha le-HIV laqala ekuqaleni ngo-1981 xa i-New York Times ibike ukuqhambuka komdlavuza ongaqhelekanga phakathi kwamadoda angama-gay eNew York naseCalifornia.
Le "mdlavuza wesifo somdlavuza" njengokuba kamva ichazwa ngokuba yiC Kaposi sarcoma , isifo esasifana nesi sifo kwi-1980s nakuma-1990.
Ngaloo nyaka, amagumbi okuphuthuma kwiSixeko saseNew York baqala ukubona ukutshatyalaliswa kwamadoda athile enempilo afaka ngamafiva, iimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane, kunye nohlobo olunqabileyo lwe-pneumonia okuthiwa i- Pneumocystis . Akukho mntu wayenokucinga ukuba ezi ziganeko ezingaqhelekanga, ziza kubonisa ukugqabhuka komhlaba jikelele, zibulale izigidi zabantu phakathi neminyaka embalwa.
1981
Ngo-1981 yabona ukuvela kweKapasi sarcoma kunye ne-pneumocystis pneumonia phakathi kwamadoda angama-gay eNew York naseCalifornia. Xa amaZiko okuLawula izifo abikela ukutshabalala okutsha, bawukhupha i-GRID (okanye i-immune-immune deficiency), ukugxeka abantu base-gay njengabathwali besifo esibulalayo. Nangona kunjalo, kungekudala amatyala aqala ukuvela phakathi kwamadoda ahlukeneyo, abasebenzisi beziyobisi kunye ne-hemophiliacs, ebonisa ukuba i-syndrome ayifuni imida.
1983
Abaphandi be- Pasteur Institute eFransi bahlukanisa i-retrovirus ekholelwa ukuba inxulumene nokuqhambuka kwe-HIV. Ngaloo xesha, amazwe angama-35 ehlabathini lonke aqinisekisile iziganeko zesifo esiye saza saqala ukuba sichaphazele i-US Controversy emva kwakuba nje urhulumente wase-United States evakalise enye yezinzululwazi zabo, uDkt Robert Gallo , i-retrovirus ebizwa ngokuba ngu-HTLV-III, abaye bathi bayayijongene noGawulayo.
Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, ekugqibeleni kuqinisekiswa ukuba i-HTLV-III kunye ne-retrovirus yePasteur iyafana, ekhokela ikomidi yamazwe ngamazwe ukubiza kwakhona intsholongwane kaGawulayo (igciwane lesandulela ngculazi lomuntu).
1984
Umlindi waseCanada ondizayo, obizwa ngokuthi " Isigulane seZero ," ufa ngenxa yeengxaki ezinxulumene ne-AIDS. Ngenxa yokuxhatshazwa kwakhe ngokwesondo kwabaninzi bexhoba lokuqala leNTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO, kuthethwa ngephutha ukuba unembopheleleko yokungenisa intsholongwane eNtshona Melika. Ngelo xesha kwakukho ama-8 000 amanyathelo aqinisekisiweyo e-US, okubangele ukufa kwabangama-3 500.
1985
Ingxabano ejikeleze i-HIV iyaqhubeka xa ibha yeBallo ibonisa ilungelo lokuhlola i-HIV eliza kuvunywa kamva yi-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). ISikole sePasteur sithatha kwaye kamva sinikezelwa ngamalungelo kwisiqingatha sezibonelelo ezivela kuvavanyo olutsha. Ngaloo nyaka, iNTSHOLONGWANE YENTSHONA KOLUNTU ingena kwingqalelo yoluntu ngokufa kweDwala Hudson kunye neendaba zokuthi uRyan White oneminyaka eyi-14 ubudala uvinjelwe kwisikolo sakhe sokuqala e-Indiana ngokuba ne-HIV.
1987
Inkunkuma yokuqala ye-HIV, eyaziwa ngokuthi i- Retrovir (AZT) , ivunyiwe yi-FDA. Emva kweminyaka emithandathu yokungahoywa kwesi sifo kwaye wenqabe ukuqonda imeko, uMongameli uRonald Reagan usebenzisa igama elithi "AIDS" ngentetho kawonkewonke.
Kule ngongoma, kukholwa ukuba phakathi kwama-100 000 no-150,000 amacala e-HIV emhlabeni jikelele.
1990
Emva kweminyaka ekhokela ukulwa ne-HIV egxekayo e-US Ryan White uyafa xa eneminyaka eyi-19. Ngaloo nyaka, uMthetho we- Ryan White Care Act wenziwa yiNgqungquthela ukubonelela ngemali exhaswe nguRhulumente yokunyamekela abantu abaphila ne-HIV. Kule nqanaba, inani labantu abaphila ne-HIV emhlabeni jikelele sele libhalwe kwisiqingatha kwisigidi.
1992
I-FDA iyayivuma isilwanyana sokuqala esisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa ne-AZT eyaziwa njenge-Hivid, ukumakisha i-toay yokuqala yonyango ekuhlaleni. Kulandelwa kungekudala emva kwe-Epivir (lamivudine) esasetyenziswa kakhulu namhlanje.
1993
Ucwaningo lwaseBrithani olubizwa ngokuba yi-Concorde Trials lugqiba ukuba i-AZT i-monotherapy ayenzi nto ukulibazisa ukunyuka kwe-HIV. Ngenxa yolu bhengezo, intshukumo entsha iyavela ukuba inqabe ukuba i-HIV ikhona okanye ukuba intsholongwane nayiphi na uhlobo idibaniswe nesi sifo.
1996
Unyango uthatha elinye inyathelo eliphambili ngokusungulwa kwamagciwane e-HIV abizwa ngokuba yi-protease Inhibitors. Xa zisetyenziswe kwiyeza ezintathu, iziyobisi zibonakalisa ukuphumelela ekungagcini nje intsholongwane kodwa ukunika abantu ithuba lokubuyisela isistim somzimba kwisistim esiqhelekileyo. Umgaqo-nkqubo ubizwa ngokukhawuleza unyango olukhuselekileyo lwe-antiretroviral, okanye i- HAART .
1997
Ucwaningo lweqela le-AIDS lwe-AIDS lwe-076 luchaze ukuba ukusebenzisa i-AZT ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwaye ngexesha lokunikezelwa kwanciphisa ukusasazwa kwe- HIV kumama kumntwana ukuya kwipesenti ezintathu kuphela. Ngaloo nyaka, inyanga ezingaphantsi kwe-12 emva kokuba i-HAART iqaliswe, izinga lokufa kwe-HIV kwi-US lihlawulela ngamaphesenti angama-35.
1998
Uvavanyo lokuqala lomntu e-United States luqala ukuvavanya i-HIV ye-HIV. (Kwakungowokuqala kwezilingo ezinjalo apho singenakufumana umviwa ofanelekileyo .)
2000
Intshukumo ye-AIDS denialist inokuqwalaselwa ngamazwe xa umongameli waseMzantsi Afrika uThabo Mbeki echaza kwiNgqungquthela ye-AIDS ye-AIDS ukuba "intsholongwane ayikwazi ukubangela i-syndrome." Ngalesi xesha, abantu abangaba zigidi ezingama-20 baye bafa kwi-AIDS emhlabeni jikelele kubandakanya malunga nezigidi ezili-17 kwi-Afrika engaphantsi kweSahara.
2004
Njengoko uluntu lwezonyango lujongene nokukhula okuchasene nezidakamizwa kubantu abakwi-HAART, isilwanyana esitsha esibizwa ngokuba yi-tenofovir ekhutshwayo ebonakalayo sinokukwazi ukunqoba nakwiimeko zokuxhatshazwa kweziyobisi ezininzi . Kungekudala ngaphambi kokuba iThabo Mbeki isuswe kwi-ofisi kaMongameli eMzantsi Afrika, izidakamizwa zokuqala ze-HIV zivunyiwe kweli lizwe, zivulele umnyango kwi-one-enkulu enkulu yokwelashwa kweziyobisi.
2009
Oososayensi kwiYunivesithi yaseNorth Carolina kwiChapel Hill bhengeze ukuba baye baqulunqa isakhiwo segciwane lesandulela ngculazi lonke, ukuvumela isayensi ukuba iphucule izixhobo zokuxilonga ezintsha kunye nokunyangwa okujoliswe ku-HIV. Ngokuyininzi le migudu ekhokelela ekuphuhliseni i- integrase inhibitors esetyenziselwa ukwelashwa kwelayini lokuqala eMelika.
2010
Ucwaningo lwe-iPrEX luyintloko yezilingo ezininzi ezibonisa ukuba inkunkuma ye-HIV iTruvada ingasetyenziswa ngabantu abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo abakhusela ukusuleleka. Isicwangciso, esaziwa ngokuba yi- HIV ngaphambi kokusasazeka kweprophylaxis (PrEP) , namhlanje sikhethwe ngokubanzi ukukhusela abantu abasengozini enkulu yokusuleleka.
2013
Uphononongo oluqhutywe nguMbutho we-North American AIDS Cohort Cooperation kuPhando kunye neNyunithi (NA-ACCORD) ingxelo yokuba uneminyaka engama-20 ubudala oqaliswe kwi-HIV unyango unokulindela ukuba aphile kakuhle kwi-70s yakhe yokuqala. Lo ngowokuqala kweziqinisekiso ezininzi ezichazela impembelelo yonyango lwe-antiretroviral kwixesha lokuphila .
2014
I-World Health Organization kunye neNkqubo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo kwi-HIV / AID (UNAIDS) ivakalisa isicwangciso sobuqili sokuphelisa ubhubhane lwe-HIV ngo-2030 ngokufumanisa iipesenti ezingama-90 zabantu abaphila ne-HIV emhlabeni jikelele, bebeka iipesenti ezingama-90 kwi-HIV, kwaye bafumana ingxaki yokungabonakaliyo kwintsholongwane kaGawulayo. ulayishe ngamaphesenti angu-90 abo. Isingqungquthela isicwangciso se-90-90-90 , le nkqubo ibhekene negalelo elisoloko linciphayo evela kumazwe anikezelayo kunye namazinga anyukayo kunyango kunye nokungaphumeleli kwonyango emhlabeni jikelele.
2015
I-Indiana ibona ukugqabhuka okukhulu kwe-HIV ukususela ngo-1990 ngenxa yentsholongwane ye-opioid kunye noxhatshazo emva koko-uMbusi uMike Pence ukuvumela inkqubo yokutshintshisa inaliti kwindawo yakhe "ngezizathu zokuziphatha." Ngenxa yoko, iimeko ezingaphezu kwe-200 zibikwa ngaphakathi kweveki ezimbalwa kwaye zijikeleze idolophu yase-Austin, e-Indiana (abantu abane-4,295).
2016
Ukulandela ukukhutshwa kweSicwangciso esiCwangcisiweyo seNtsholongwane ye-Antiretroviral Treatment (START) ekupheleni konyaka ka-2015, i-World Health Organization kunye neSebe lezeMpilo leNkonzo yaseMelika, phakathi kwabanye, licebisa ukuba unyango lwe-HIV luqaliswe ngexesha lokuxilongwa. Ngokuchasene nokulibazisa unyango, icebo elitsha liye labonakaliswa ukunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo esibi ngo-53 ekhulwini.
2017
Ngoku ekupheleni kweminyaka engama-36, lo bhubhane luqhubeka lubanga iigidi eziphila rhoqo ngonyaka kwaye longeza enye i-1.8 million yezifo ezithathelwanayo kwi-2017. Ngoku ziqikelelwa ukuba ziyi-36.7 yezigidi zabantu abaphila neNTSHOLONGWANE YONKE kwihlabathi apho i-20.9 yezigidi zilapha kwi-antiretroviral therapy. Ngokonke, abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-76 banentsholongwane kaGawulayo ukususela ekuqaleni kokubhubhisa abantu abayizigidi ezingama-35.