I-FDA ihlola umngcipheko wezityalo ezingasetyenziselwa ushukela
Ukusuka kwi-sodas yokutya kwi-dessert-free-to-sugar-desserts kunye namacandi, abaguquli beeshukela basendaweni yonke indawo namhlanje. Emva kokuba uthathwa njengesiphumo sokunciphisa umngcipheko wezinto eziphathekayo zempilo (ukukhuluphala, isifo sikashukela, ukubola kwezinyo), i-sweeteners yokufakelwa namhlanje iqhutyelwa ukuhlolisiswa ngabanye abacebisa ukuba bangabi nokhuseleko njengoko sicinga.
Iintlobo zeShukela eziTywala
Igama elithi "indawo yokushukela iswekile" ibhekisela kumacube amnandi ngokwemvelo ngaphandle kwetafile yetshukela (sucrose) kunye ne-sweeteners synthesized synthesized eyenziwa nge-synthesis synthesis.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezinamathele ziquka izinto ezifana ne-sorbitol efumaneka kwiipulo kunye nesiraphu yengqolowa, i-lactose ithola ubisi, kwaye i-xylitol ifumane iziqhamo nemifuno. Zizinto eziphathekayo eziphathekayo ezinamaqondo ahlukeneyo obumnandi.
Izixhobo ezihlanganisiweyo ezingenziwayo aziveli kwimvelo kwaye ziquka iimpawu ezidumile ezifana ne-Equal (aspartame), iSplenda (sucralose), kunye ne-Sweet'N Low (saccharin). U-Stevia, umveliso obevame ukucinga ukuba ungokoqobo, ngokwenene uvela kuStevia isityalo se rebaudiana .
Ukususela kwiShukela ukuya kwiNkonzi yokuThambisa
Uninzi lwabantu lubona ingozi yokutya iswekile. Ingqungquthela yangoku yokukhuluphala, isifo sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo, isifo segazi, kunye nesifo seengtso kubangelwa yimilinganiselo engaphezulu kwe-sucrose edlalwa ngumyinge waseMelika. Kusemgangathweni ukuba iziphathamandla zempilo zibhekiselele "njengentsholongwane ye-cardiorenal," apho iqondo lentliziyo kunye nezifo zengqondo zixhamene ngqo kunye nokutya esikutyayo, kuquka noshukela.
Ekuphenduleni le ngqungquthela, abaguquli beeshukela baye bathengiswa ngokugqithiseleyo kuluntu njengendlela yokwenza "ikheke lakho kwaye litya,". Ngelishwa, esi sixazululo asilula kangangoko kuzwakala, kwaye siye saqonda ukuba izityalo zentshukela zichaphazela imizimba yethu kwiindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi kwaye zihlala ziphikisana.
Ukuthelekisa izonkcenkceshi zokuSebenza
Kuhlalutyo olubanzi oluqhutywe ngo-2012, i-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) yathi i-sweeteners "yokuzikhusela" yabemi ngokubanzi phantsi kweemeko ezithile zokusetyenziswa. Oku kwakuquka iziphakamiso ezingagqithanga ukudliwa kwimihla ngemihla eyamkelekileyo (ADI) echazwe yinkampani.
Kuma-sweeteners okwamkelwa njengamanje, i-FDA iqhube ibhetri yezifundo ukufumanisa ukuba, ukuba ikhona, ixhala malunga noluntu malunga nokusetyenziswa kwayo. Kwizinto ezintathu ezidumileyo:
- I-Aspartame (Equal) yayingenye yezithuba zokuqala ezenziwe ngoshukela ezenziwe ngobuninzi kwaye, ngelo xesha, lithande isabelo esilungileyo sempikiswano. Nangona kwakukho ukukhathazeka kwangaphambili malunga ne-aspartame kunye ne-leukemia, umdlalo we-lymphoma, nomhlaza wengqondo, igama elisemthethweni namhlanje kwi-FDA kunye neSizwe yeCarcer Institute kukuba akukho mbutho oye wafunyanwa.
- I-Saccharin (Sweet'N Low) yabikelelwa ukuba ibangele umdlavuza wesibeleko kwiiriti zeebhabhi; umphumo ofanayo awubonakali kubantu. Ezi ntshukumo zakudala zaholela eCanadane ukuba avimbele umkhiqizo ngo-1977. I-US yayisondele ukuba yenza okufanayo kodwa endaweni yoko yayifuna loo mveliso ukuba ithwale ileyibhile. Le mfuneko yaphakanyiswa ngo-2001 emva kokuba uphando oluvela kwiNkqubo yeSizwe yeTyxicology lugqiba ukuba i-saccharin yayingenayo iipropati (i-cancer-causing causes).
- I-Sucralose (Splenda) yafunyanwa ngowe-1976 kwaye yakhululwa e-US ngo-1998. I-FDA iye yaqhuba iiprogram ezili-100 kwaye ayifumananga inhlangano eyaziwayo phakathi kwe-sucralose kunye nomhlaza okanye isifo senhliziyo.
Impembelelo yePhysiological Effects
Inyaniso yokuba i-FDA ithathwa njengobumnandi bezinto ezikhuselekileyo ezikhuselekileyo ekukhutshelweni kwabantu akufanele iphakamise ukuba ingasetyenziswa ngaphandle kokungahlawulwanga. Nangona i-sweeteners yokufakelwa iyakwazi ukulinganisa intshukumo yeshukela, ukuphendulwa kwemizimba ekusebenziseni kwabo kunokuhlala kuhluke.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, iimpendulo zomzimba kwi-sucrose kukunciphisa ukutya kunye nokuvelisa ukuvakalelwa, ngoko ukunciphisa i-caloric intake.
Impendulo efanayo ayibonakali ukuba yenzeke ngamakha amnandi, ephazamisa ibango lokuba "imveliso" yokutya. Le ngqungquthela ibhekiselwa kuyo ngokuthi "isinxephezelo sekhalori" apho abantu baya kuhlala besitya nangona bengalambi.
Ngexesha elifanayo, i-sweeteners yokufakelwa ingabangela ukuba i-insulin spike, into enokuthi ingabonakali xa isitya "sesifo sikashukela". Ngokubambisana, le miphumo inokubuyisela nayiphi na inzuzo eyenziwe kubantu abanobunzima, abanesifo sikashukela okanye abanesifo sesifo esingasigxina.
Ngomnyaka we-2012, i-American Heart Association kunye ne-American Diabetes Association yakhupha isitatimenti apho bobabini babanikela umkhonto okhuselekileyo kumnandi, beqinisekisa "ukusetyenziswa kwabo okufanelekileyo" njengenxalenye yesicwangciso sokutya esinolwazi. Le nkcazo iphinde ibonise ukuhlawulwa kwekhalori yengozi kwaye ilumkise abathengi ngokubhekiselele ekusebenziseni i-sweeteners njenge "magic bullet" yokulwa nokukhuluphala kwesifo sikashukela .
> Imithombo
> Gardner, C; Wylie-Rosett, J .; Gidding, S .; okqhubekayo. "Abancinci abangabonakaliyo: Ukusetyenziswa kwangoku kunye neMiphumo yezeMpilo: Ingxelo yeSayensi evela kwi-American Heart Association kunye ne-American Association Diabetes Association." Ukuhamba. 2012; 126: 509-519.
> Ulawulo lweZiko lokuTya kunye neDrug. Ulwazi olongezelelweyo malunga neZondlo eziPhakamileyo eziVunyelwe ukusetyenziswa kwi-Food e-United States. " Silver Spring, eMaryn; hlaziywa ngoMeyi 26, 2015.