Induduzo, ayiyiNyango
Xa abaninzi abantu beva igama elithi chemotherapy bacinga ngonyango lokuphilisa umdlavuza . Nangona kuyi nyaniso ukuba i-chemotherapy isetyenziswa rhoqo njengenzame yokwelapha ngokupheleleyo umdlavuza, ingasetyenziselwa ngethambo njengendlela yokwandisa ubomi nokunciphisa impawu.
Injongo ephambili ye-chemotherapy kukuhlaziya izicubu kunye nokuyeka ukukhula komhlaza. Ukuba kunqunywe ukuba umhlaza awukwazi ukuphiliswa, i-chemotherapy ingaba yinzuzo yokwehlisa ubungakanani be-tumor ngokwaneleyo ukunciphisa iimpawu zomzimba zomhlaza kunye nokunciphisa inkqubela yomhlaza okwanele ukwandisa ubomi.
Le ngcamango yokwenza i-chemotherapy esilulayo intsha. Kuphela nje kwiminyaka yamuva ukuba ukunciphisa impawu kuye kwaba yinto ebalulekileyo yezilingo zekliniki zophando lweemhlaza. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-chemotherapy kwi-advanced-cancer-stage-scoury isingqinisiso kwiindawo zonyango kunye nezigulane kunye nabathandekayo babo bahlala bexakeke phakathi, bazibuza ukuba ngaba bafuna unyango okanye bajolise kumanyathelo okunyusa. Kubalulekile njengesigulane somhlaza ukuba siqonde izinto ezisisiseko ze-chemotherapy kunye neenzuzo kunye nobungozi be-chemotherapy.
Chemotherapy Basics
I-Chemotherapy iyigama eliqhelekileyo ekusebenziseni i-arhente yeekhemikhali ukuyeka iiseli zomhlaza ukuba zikhule. Iyakwazi ukulawulwa ngeendlela ezininzi ngeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo:
- Ngomlomo - iipilisi ezithathwe ngomlomo
- I-intravenously (IV) - ifakwe kwi-vein
- Isihloko - sisetyenziswe elukhumbeni
I-Chemotherapy isoloko ibhekisela kuma-agent e-chemical (njenge-Cytoxan), i-anti-metabolites (oko kukuthi i-5-FU), kunye ne-antibiotic anti-tumor (ie i-Adriamycin).
Ezi khemikhali zenzelwe ukubulala amangqamuzana omhlaza kunye nokuzikhusela ukuba zikhule kodwa azikhethi. Bahlasela iiseli ezinempilo ngokunjalo, kubangele imiphumo emibi efana nesicongconi, ukulahleka kweenwele kunye nezifo.
Nangona ingekho i-chemotherapy ejongene nezobuchwepheshe, ezinye iziyobisi zingasetyenziselwa ukuba zinciphise ubukhulu be-tumor kunye nokukhula kancinci komhlaza.
Ziquka unyango lwe-hormone kunye ne- immunotherapy. Ukwelashwa kweHormone kukusetyenziswa kweemodemoni ukunyusa ukukhula komhlaza, njengesi-estrogen ukuphuza umdlavuza wesibeleko, i-tamoxifen ukuphuza umdlavuza webele , kunye ne-anti-androgens ye-prostate cancer. I-Immunotherapy yenzelwe ukuvuselela i-immune system ukuba iqonde kwaye ihlasele iiseli zomhlaza.
Ngeenjongo zokunyamezela , ininzi ye-oncologists inqwenela ukuzama unyango kunye nomngcipheko ongathinteliyo ochaphazelekayo onokuchaphazela kakubi umgangatho wobomi. Oku kuthetha ukuba unyango lwe-hormone luya kuhlolwa phambi kwe-chemotherapies enetyhefu.
Izinzuzo kunye Neengozi zePalliative Chemotherapy
I-Chemotherapy, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni injongo yayo, ayikho ingozi. Kukwaziwa kakhulu ngokubangela iziphumo ezimbi ezixakekayo. Ubungozi ngokubhekiselele kwizibonelelo ezinokwenzeka kunye nomphumo wobomi bokubambisana kufuneka kucatshangelwe.
Isalathisi esona sikhulu sengozi ngokumalunga nenzuzo yimeko yakho yokusebenza (bona itafile engezantsi). Ukuba izinga lakho lokusebenza likhawulelwe, uya kuba nempembelelo engakumbi kwimiphumo emibi, njengokwenza i-chemotherapy toxicity. Ubungakanani bezityalo kunye neziza ze- metastasis , iinjongo ezibonisa ukuba umdlavuza oyintloko usasazeke, kufuneka uqwalaselwe kwakhona. Iimvumi ezinkulu kunye neekhensi ezinamaziko amaninzi e-metastasis ziya kuba nzima ukuphendula kwi-chemotherapy.
I-Karnofsky Performance Scale
| Inqaku | Isimo |
| 100 | Isiqhelo: akukho zikhalazo, akukho bungqina besifo |
| 90 | Unako ukuqhuba umsebenzi oqhelekileyo; iimpawu ezincinane |
| 80 | Umsebenzi oqhelekileyo ngomzamo; ezinye iimpawu |
| 70 | Ukukhathalela; akakwazi ukuqhuba imisebenzi eqhelekileyo |
| 60 | Kudinga uncedo ngoncedo; uyakhathalela ezininzi iimfuno |
| 50 | Kudinga uncedo oluninzi kunye nokunakekelwa rhoqo |
| 40 | Ukukhubazeka: kufuna uncedo olulodwa kunye noncedo |
| 30 | Ukukhubazeka kakhulu: esibhedlele kodwa ukufa kungekudala |
| 20 | Ugula kakhulu: unonophelo oluxhasayo olufunekayo |
| 10 | I-Moribund: Iinkqubo ezibulalayo ziyaqhubeka ngokukhawuleza |
| 0 | Ukufa |
I-Palliative Chemotherapy kunye neMpilo Yakho yoBomi
Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqwalasela indlela i-chemotherapy ehamba ngayo inokuchaphazela umgangatho wobomi.
Amacandelo omgangatho wobomi angabonakala ehlukileyo kumntu kumntu kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo afaka ukuzinzi ngokwenyama kwakunye nokuphila komoya, kwentlalontle kunye nokomoya. Ukuba amathuba okuchithwa kwamakhemikhali anikezela ngokunyusa okwenyuka kumzimba, unendawo ephezulu yokusebenza kunye nenkxaso enamandla yempilo yakho yokomoya nangokomoya, unokugqiba ekubeni uqhubeke neyeza.
Ukuba, nangona kunjalo, amathuba okuba nemiphumo emibi yimiba ephezulu, umthwalo wezo unyango oluqhubekayo kunye neemvavanyo zinzima, kwaye unomoya okhuselekileyo ngokomoya, amathuba okuchithwa kwamakhemikhali aphucukileyo ekuphuculeni umgangatho wobomi mhlawumbi ahluphekile.
Ukwenza Isigqibo Sokuqalisa I-Palliative Chemotherapy
Xa ucinga nge-chemotherapy esilula, xela ugqirha malunga neengozi ezibhekiselele kwizibonelelo ezinokuthi zenze. Jonga imibuzo emihlanu ukubuza i-oncologist yakho malunga nekhemotherapy eneenkathazo. Hlanganisa ulwazi oluninzi njengoko unako malunga nomhlaza wakho kwaye mhlawumbi lunokuchaphazela i-chemotherapy ye-palliative iya kuba nobukhulu besisu kunye nomgangatho wobomi.
Akukho mpendulo efanelekileyo kuyo yonke isigulane somhlaza. Ubunjani bobomi bunobuntu obunzulu kwaye izinto ezibalulekileyo kwisigulane esinye asinakubalulekile kuwe. Thatha ixesha lokuhlola iimfuno zakho, iiminqweno kunye nezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kuwe.
Ukuxhotyiswe ngolwazi olufanelekileyo kumgqirha kunye nokuzithemba kwiinjongo zakho, uya kuxhotyiswa ngokufanelekileyo ukwenza isigqibo esilungileyo.
Imithombo:
> Roeland, E., kunye noT. LeBlanc. I-chemotherapy ehambayo: i-oxymoron okanye ukungaqondi. Uncedo lweBMC . 2016. 15:33.
I-Sun V. I-Palliative Chemotherapy kunye novavanyo lweZliniki kwi-Advanced Cancer: I-Nurses Role. Ku: Ferrell, BR kunye noCoyle, N; Incwadi ye-Nursing Palliative, i-Oxford University Press, ngo-2006.