Umhlaza wesiqhelo ngumhlaza wesifo oqhelekileyo kumadoda aneminyaka eyi-15 ukuya kwe-35 kodwa ubeka i-25 kuphela phakathi komdlavuza wase-United States, u-0.5% weengxaki zomhlaza omtsha. Amatyala amatsha angama-8,430 aya kucetywa ukuba ayenze ngo-2015. Ixhaphake kakhulu abantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-20 no-40 kunye ne-33 engama-median age diagnostic. Inqabile kunabo bonke abangaphezu kwama-50.
Kukho malunga neengozi engama-0.4% yokuvelisa umdlavuza wengqina kwixesha lokuphila.
Nangona isantya somhlaza wesicatshulwa siphindwe kabini ukususela ngowe-1970, izinga lokufa liye lancitshiswa ngaphezu kwesigamu ngenxa yonyango olungcono. Ngokuqhelekileyo ihamba ngokugqithiseleyo ngokunyanga kwamazinga angama-95% kwiimeko ezininzi.
Uqala njani umdlavuza weNtshulwa
Iiseli eziqhelekileyo zihambelana nemithetho ethile. Bahlula kwaye bakhule ngaphakathi kwee-perimeters ezithile, bafa xa befanele ukuba bangabhubhanga izakhiwo ezizungezile okanye ezinye izitho. Iiseli zomhlaza ziye zalahleka lo mgaqo kwaye zikhula ekulawuleni izifo. Ezi iiseli zingalimaza izicubu ezizungezile kwaye zisasaze kwezinye iindawo zomzimba ngeempahla zegazi kunye ne-lymphatic.
Umhlaza wesantya uvela kumathambo, abuye abizwe njengama-testes. Amathambo anemisebenzi yokuzala kunye ne-endocrine. Zivelisa i-testosterone, i-hormone ejongene nempawu zesini zesibini zamadoda, kunye nesidoda, ebambe indima ebalulekileyo ekuveliseni.
Iintlobo
Umhlaza wesantya ngumhlaza ohlukeneyo kunye namaninzi amaninzi. Ubuninzi, malunga nama-95%, i-cancer ye-testicular ingabelana ngamacandelo amabini aphezulu: i-seminoma kunye ne-nonseminoma. Zomibini iintlobo ziyaziwa ngokuba yizifo ze-germ cells. Iiseli zeJermane zivelisa iiseli ezithwala abantu, ezibandakanya iiseli zeqanda ezimasetyhini kunye nesidoda ebesilisa.
Izimpawu kunye neMpawu
Umhlaza wesantya uveza njengentlungu engenabuhlungu kwenye yamathambo aphindaphindiweyo ehamba kunye nokuvuvukala kwe-scrotal. Ezinye iimpawu kunye neempawu zingabonakala ukuba umhlaza usasazeke (i-metastasized) kwezinye iindawo. Xa umhlaza wesifo somhlaza usasazeka, ngokuqhelekileyo uquka i-lymph nodes kwisithuba emva kwesilwanyana esibizwa ngokuba yi-retroperitoneum. Ezinye iisayithi, ezinokubandakanywa, zibandakanya imiphunga, isibindi, ingqondo kunye namathambo. Umhlaza wesiqhelo uyingqamle kwezinye iindawo ezinomdla wokuba usasaze ukuba usasaza ukunyanga kwonyango olufanelekileyo.
Unyango
Unyango luxhomeke kakhulu kwi-tumor uhlobo kunye nesigaba. Isinyathelo sokuqala kwiimeko ezininzi kunokwenziwa utyando ukususa itekisi yomhlaza kwinkqubo eyaziwa ngokuba yi-orchiectomy. Oku kunokulandelwa yi-chemotherapy, i-radiation okanye utyando ukususa i-lymph node ye-retroperitoneal.
Ngaphambi kweyiphi na unyango, ubhanki bebilisa kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ngenxa yengozi yokungabikho komntwana.
Ukulandela unyango, ukuhlolwa kwe-CT kwenziwa ngokuqhelekileyo kwixesha elichaziweyo ukukhangela umdlavuza ophindaphindiweyo kwezinye iindawo ezibandakanya i-lymph nodes kunye nemiphunga. Kukho iimvavanyo ezininzi zegazi ezibandakanya i-enzyme ezithile, iiprotheni kunye nama-hormone eyaziwa njengabaxhasi bamathumba , onokunyuswa xa umhlaza usubuye.
Ukuba ukuphindaphinda kwenzeka, ngokuqhelekileyo yenza njalo kunyaka wokuqala okanye ezimbini. Ukuphindaphinda ngaphaya kweminyaka emi-5 kunqabile kwaye abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba baphiliswa emva kweli nqaku.
Ukuba umhlaza uphindaphinde, unyango oluphambili luyi-chemotherapy. Ngamanye amaxesha utyando lwenziwe xa luye lwasasazeka kwiziko elilodwa. Inveli iyasondela kwaye unyango olutsha lunokusetyenziswa phantsi kwezinto ezibizwa ngokuba yizilingo zeklinikhi, ezihlala zihlala kumaziko emfundo nakwamanye amaziko amakhulu.
Esi sikhokelo esifutshane kwaye senzelwe ukunika ingqiqo esisiseko ngaphezu kwemihlathi embalwa. Wonke umhlaza uyingqayizivele kwaye kufuneka ulawulwe yiengcaphephe ngobuchule ekuhloleni nasekupheni umhlaza wengqina.
Iimfuno eziqhelekileyo ziquka urolo, i-oncology yezokwelapha, kunye ne-oncology yemitha.
> Umthombo:
> INational Cancer Institute. "I-Cancer Stat Facts: I-Cancer Testing."