Uninzi lweempawu zomhlaza zineempawu ezixhamlayo ezizodwa. Yintoni ekuthethwa ngayo ngumbonakalisi we-tumor? Abamakishi be-tumor yizinto ezibonakalayo egazini kwizinto eziphezulu kunezinto eziqhelekileyo zisasazeka. Ezi zinto zinokuvela kwiiprotheni, i-amino acid, i-hormone, kunye ne-enzymes. Nangona bengenakusetyenziswa ngokusemthethweni ukuxilonga umhlaza ngokwawo, banokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuhlolweni nasekunyangeni komhlaza.
Umhlaza wesiqhelo unomdlavuza wesi-3 usebenzise izibhengezo ze-tumor: AFP, hCG, kunye ne-LDH. Ezi zimpawu zoxinzelelo zinakho okanye zingenakuphakanyiswa kuye ngohlobo lomhlaza wesifo somhlaza.
I-Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP)
Njengoko igama libonisa, i-AFP yiprothini enendima ngexesha lophuhliso lomntwana. Indima yayo kubantu abadala ayiqinisekanga kodwa iyaqhubeka nokuba khona kumazinga athathekayo. I-AFP ibalulekile kumdlavuza wesiqhelo kuba ingasetyenziselwa ukuhlukanisa phakathi kweengqungquthela ezibini zesifo somhlaza wengqungquthela: i-seminoma ecocekileyo kunye ne-nonseminoma. Ezi zincinci zineendlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango kunye nonyango, ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ulwazi ukuba lunalo xa ulawula umhlaza wesifo somhlaza. Ekugqibeleni, i-subtype ye-tumor igqitywe ngumathambo ohlola iiseli phantsi kwe-microscope ngokubambisana nezinye iimvavanyo ezizodwa. Nangona kunjalo, i-AFP iyaqhubeka ibalulekile ngenxa yesizathu esinye esikhulu: umdlavuza we-seminoma unomhlaza awuvelisi i-AFP. Ithetha ntoni le nto?
Kuthetha ukuba nangona i-pathology ibonisa umdlavuza we-seminoma yomhlaza xa i-AFP iphakanyisiwe, akusiyo i-seminoma ecocekileyo kwaye ayikwazi ukuphathwa ngolu hlobo. Ukuba i-AFP ibonakala, kukho iiseli ze-nonseminoma zikhona ndawo, nangona zingabonakali ngokuhlaziywa kwengqondo.
I-Gonadotropin yabantu beCorrion (hCG)
I-hCG mhlawumbi iyaziwa kakhulu ngendima yayo ekukhulelweni.
Ngokuqhelekileyo iveliswa ngamaseli ngaphakathi kwephacenta kwaye iphakama ngexesha lokukhulelwa. I-hormone eqhelekileyo esetyenziswa kwiimvavanyo zokukhulelwa, kubandakanywa iimvavanyo zokukhulelwa ekhaya kunye nokuhlolwa kwegazi okwenziwa kwiofisi yegqirha. Iiseli zesifo somhlaza ziyakwazi ukuvelisa i-hCG kwaye ziyakubonakala kuzo zombini zikhulu zomdlavuza. I-hCG yaziwa ngokuba nayo inokubangela ukukhula kwesikhumba sokukhula kwamathambo kumadoda awaziwa ngokuthi yi-gynecomastia, ngoko ke, unokuthi ube ngumqondiso wesifo somhlaza.
I-Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)
I-LDH yincinci ecacileyo yeempawu zobumnyama. Ngamanye amazwi, kukho ezininzi iinkqubo, ngaphandle komhlaza wesifo somhlaza, ongabangela ukuba uphakanyiswe. Ngokomzekelo, izifo zesibindi kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kweseli yegazi ebomvu kuya kubangela ukuba kube phezulu. Iyakwazi ukuphakanyiswa kumabini amancinci omhlaza wesifo somhlaza.
Isicelo kunye noBalulekileyo
Abaxhasi bamathambo baneenjongo ezahlukeneyo kulo lonke ixesha lokuxilongwa, unyango kunye nokulandelelana. Xa zixilongwa, zinokukunceda ukuhlukanisa phakathi kweekhondom ze-seminoma kunye ne-nonseminoma. Ukuba ngaba amanqaku amathumba ahlala ephakamileyo emva kokutshatyalaliswa kogqirha lwe-testicular cancer, ingabonisa umdlavuza ohlalayo kwezinye iindawo kunye ne-chemotherapy, unyango olongezelelweyo okanye unyango lwe-radiation lungaboniswa.
Emva kwonyango, abaphawuli be-tumor abaphakamileyo bangabonakaliswa ngokutsha komhlaza, ngokukodwa kwimihlaza ye-nonseminoma.
Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba iimpawu zoxinzelelo ngokwazo azifane zixabiseke kakhulu. Kufuneka baqwalaselwe kunye kunye nedatha efana nempawu, iimpawu kunye nezifundo zokucinga, ezifana ne-CT scans. Abamakishi be-tumor kufuneka bachazwe ngokuchanekileyo kwimeko echanekileyo yezinto ezininzi. Oku kuhle kakhulu kwenziwa ngabaqeqeshi be-oncology kuquka i-oncologists yezokwelapha, i-urologists kunye ne-radiation oncologists.