Ingqwalasela yeArthritis Medication
Imithi ye-arthritis iye yaxubusha ukuba ithathwa njengonyango "wendabuko". Ekubeni ukuphendula komntu ngamnye kumachiza kuyahluka kwaye ngenxa yeempembelelo ezinobungozi kunye nezimpembelelo ezingathandekiyo nazo ziyimpembelelo, ukufumana umxube osebenzayo kakhulu weyeza-arthritis kunokuba yinkqubo enzima kunokuba ungayilindela. Kufuneka ube nolwazi ngamachiza e-arthritis ahlukeneyo, ukwenzela ukuba wenze isigqibo esinolwazi ngogqirha wakho.
I-NSAID / i-COX-2 Inhibitors
I-NSAID (izidakamizwa ezingekho komzimba ezichasayo) ziphakathi kwezidakamizwa eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenzisiweyo kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Kukho iintlobo ezintathu ze-NSAID: i-salicylates (zombini i-acetylated [umzekelo, i-aspirin] kunye ne-non-acetylated [umzekelo, Disalcid {salsalate}]), Hlanganisa (i-choline magnesium trisalicylate), kunye neePills zeDoan okanye i-Novasal (i-salesilate yamagesi); iiNSAID zemveli; kunye ne-COX-2 inhibitors ekhethiweyo.
-
Ukusebenzisa iiStem zeStell to Cure Arthritis and Cartilage Damage
-
I-JAK Inhibitors: Option Treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Ii-NSAID zisebenza ngokuthintela umsebenzi we-enzyme, i-cyclooxygenase, yaziwa nangokuthi yi-COX. Uphando luye lwabonisa ukuba kukho iindlela ezimbini ze-cyclooxygenase, ezaziwa njenge- COX-1 kunye ne-COX-2 . Ii-NSAID zichaphazela zombini iifom. I-COX-1 ibandakanyekile ekugcineni izicubu ezinempilo, ngelixa i-COX-2 ibandakanyeka kwindlela yokuvuvukala. I-COX-2 inhibitors ekhethiweyo yaba yi-subset ye-NSAID-kunye neCelebrex (celecoxib) ibe ngowokuqala ukuba i-FDA-yamkelwe ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1990.
IiNSAID zesiNtu ziquka:
- I-Ansaid (flurbiprofen)
- Arthrotec (i-diclofenac / misoprostol)
- I-Cataflam (i-diclofenac potassium)
- I-Clinoril (sulindac)
- Daypro (oxaprozin)
- Dolobid (diflunisal)
- Feldene (piroxicam)
- Ibuprofen (i-brand Motrin, Advil)
- Indocin (indomethacin)
- Ketoprofen (i-brand Orudis, i-Oruvail)
- ILodine (etodolac)
- Meclomen (meclofenamate)
- I-Mobic (meloxicam)
- Nalfon (fenoprofen)
- Naproxen (uphawu lweNaprosyn, uAleve)
- I-Ponstel (mefenamic acid)
- Relafen (nabumetone)
- Tolectin (tolmetin)
- Vimovo (naproxen-esomeprazole)
- I-Voltaren (i-diclofenac sodium)
I-COX-2 Inhibitors iquka:
- Celebrex (celecoxib)
Funda: I- NSAIDs - Into Omele Uyazi
DMARD
I-DMARD (izifo ezichasene nezifo ezichasene ne-rheumatic) nazo zibizwa ngokuba "izidakamizwa ezithatha ixesha elide". Uphando luqinisekisile ukusebenza kwe-DMARD ekwenzeni unyango lwe- rheumatoid arthritis , i- psoriatic arthritis , kunye ne- spondylitis engabonakaliyo kunye nokubaluleka kokuqala, unyango oludlulayo usebenzisa i-DMARD. Injongo yokuphathwa nge-DMARD kukunqanda ukunyuka kwesifo nokunqanda umonakalo odibeneyo.
DMARD ziquka:
- Azulfidine (sulfasalazine)
- CellCept (i-mycophenolate)
- I-Cyclosporine (uphawu lweNororal, iSandimmune)
- I-Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide)
- Imuran (azathioprin)
- Leukeran (chlorambucil)
- I-Methotrexate (uphawu lweRheumatrex, Trexall)
- I-Minocin (i-minocycline)
- I-Penicillamine (i-brand Cuprimine, i-Depen)
- Plaquenil (hydroxychloroquine)
I-Xeljanz (tofacitinib citrate), i-DMARD yomlomo, yavunywa yi-FDA ngomhla kaNovemba 6, 2012, ukunyanga abantu abadala ngokusebenza ngokuthe ngqo kwi-arthritis esebenzayo enomdla oye waba neempendulo ezinganeleyo, okanye ukunyamezela, ukuba i-methotrexate. I-Xeljanz ngowokuqala kwiklasi yeziyobisi ezibizwa ngokuba yiJAK (Janus kinase) inhibitors.
Funda: Amazwi malunga ne-DMARD
Corticosteroids (Steroids)
I-Corticosteroids okanye i-glucocorticoids, ebizwa ngokuthi "i-steroids," yilezi ziyobisi ezinamandla ezinokunciphisa ukuvuvukala nokuvuvukala ngokukhawuleza. Ezi zi yobisi zihlobene ngokusondeleyo ne-cortisol, i-hormone eveliswa yi-cortex ye-adrenal glands. Ziyalelwe kumanani amaninzi ahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke kwimeko kunye nenjongo yokonyango. Nangona i-steroids ingasetyenziselwa ukulawula ukuvuvukala kwamalungu kunye nezitho kwizifo ezivuthayo, njenge-rheumatoid arthritis, lupus , polymyalgia rheumatica , kunye ne- vasculitis , kuye kwafumanisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kweziphumo ezibi kakhulu kuya kwandisa kwiqondo eliphezulu okanye ngexesha elide se benzisa.
Oogqirha banokumisela i-short-term, i-dose ephezulu ye-intravenous steroids kwezinye iimeko, okanye ugqirha unako ukulawula injola ye-steroid yangaphakathi kwisigxina esithile, njenge-Kenalog (triamcinolone), ukukunceda ufumane ukukhululeka kwintlungu nokuvuvukala.
Corticosteroids ziquka:
- betamethasone (i-brand Celestone)
- cortisone (uphawu lweCortone)
- dexamethasone (i-Decadron yegama)
- i-hydrocortisone (i-brand Cortef)
- i-methylprednisolone (i-brand Medrol )
- i-prednisolone (i-brand Prelone)
- prednisone (i-brand Deltasone)
Funda: I- Corticosteroids (i-Steroids) - Yintoni Okufanele Uyazi
Ii-Analgesics (IiNtsholongwane zobuhlungu)
Ama-analgesics azinyango-kunciphisa iziyobisi. Ukulawula intlungu kuyimfuneko ebalulekileyo yokuphatha i-arthritis. Nangona kunjalo, ngokungafani ne-NSAID, imishanguzo ye-analgesic ayinakunqanda ukuvuvukala. I-Acetaminophen (iTylenol) yiyona ndlela isetyenziswa ngayo. Izidakamizwa ezinobuncwane zingasetyenziselwa intlungu eninzi.
Narcotics ziquka:
- I-Codeine (iTylenol # 3)
- I-Duragesic (iFentanyl Skin Patch)
- I-Hydromorphone (Palladone) - ayisekho kwiimarike
- I-MS Contin (i-morphine sulfate)
- OxyContin (oxycodone)
- I-Percocet (i-oxycodone / i-acetaminophen)
- I-Percodan (i-oxycodone / i-aspirin)
- I-Talwin NX (ipentazocine / naloxone)
- I-Ultracet (tramadol / acetaminophen)
- Ultram (tramadol)
- UVicodin (i-hydrocodone / i-acetaminophen)
Funda: Imithi yokuhlaziya - Into omele uyiyazi
Biologic Response Modifiers (Biologics)
I-Biologic Response Modifiers (i-BRMs), ebizwa ngokuba yi- biologics , ivuselela okanye ibuyiselwe amandla omzimba wokulwa nesifo okanye isifo. I-Biologics yiziyobisi ezivela kwimithombo yokuphila ngokuchasene neekhemikhali zenziwe.
Enbrel (etanercept) , Remicade infliximab) , iHumira (adalimumab) , iCimzia (certolizumab pegol) , kunye ne- Simponi (golimumab) ekujoliswe kuyo kwi-TNF-alpha, enye yee- cytokines ezibalulekileyo ezibandakanyeka kwi-rheumatoid arthritis. I-block block ye-TNF (iziyobisi ze-biologic ezibophezela kwi-TNF-alpha) zenza ukuba zingasebenzi, ngaloo ndlela ziphazamise umsebenzi wokuvuvukala kwaye ekugqibeleni zinciphise umonakalo ohlangeneyo.
I-Kineret (anakinra), kunye neziyobisi ze-biologic, ngumdlali we-IL-1. I-Kineret yayiyi-blocker yokuqala yokukhetha i-interleukin-1 (IL-1), iprotheni efunyenwe ngaphezu kwamanye abantu abane-arthritis ye-rheumatoid. Ngokunqanda i-IL-1, iKineret inqanda ukuvuvukala kunye nentlungu ehambelana ne-rheumatoid arthritis. I-Kineret ingasetyenziselwa yedwa, okanye inxulumene namanye ama-DMARD, ngaphandle kweziyobisi ezichasene ne-TNF. Ngoxa i-Kineret iyinketho, akunqabile ukuba imiselwe.
I-Orencia (abatacept) yayiyi-modulator yokuqala yokuvuselela i-T-cell ukuvunyelwa kunyango lwe-rheumatoid arthritis.
I-Rituxan (rituximab) , isicatshulwa somhlaza esithengisa kakhulu umhlaba, i-FDA ivunywe ngo-Matshi 2006 ukuba isetyenziswe kunye kunye ne-methotrexate ukunyanga i-rheumatoid arthritis ngokunciphisa impawu kunye neempawu kubantu abadala abanesifo se-rheumatoid esisisigxina kakhulu kwaye ayiphumelelanga omnye okanye ezininzi izidakamizwa ze-TNF. I-Rituxan yonyango lokuqala lwe-rheumatoid arthritis ejolise ngokukhethekileyo i-CD-positive B-cells.
I-Actemra (tocilizumab) yintsholongwane ye- monoclonal evimbela ukumkela i-interleukin-6 (IL-6), oko kuvimbela i-interleukin-6. I-Actemra ivunyiwe yi-FDA ngomhla kaJan 8, 2010 ukwenzela unyango lwe-arthritis yabantu abadala abakhulayo kubantu abangaphumeleli omnye okanye abaninzi be-block block.
I-Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment - Iingcebiso ze-ACR
Fibromyalgia Izidakamizwa
Kuze kube ngo-2007, bekungekho namachiza avunywe yi-FDA kunyango lwe- fibromyalgia . Oogqirha baphatha i-fibromyalgia ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zamachiza eziphuhlisiwe kwaye zavunyelwa ezinye izibonakaliso. Ngo-2007, uLyrica (pregabalin) wamukelwa ukuba aphathe i-fibromyalgia. Ngo-2008, i- Cymbalta (i-duloxetine HCl) yavunywa kwi-fibromyalgia. Ngonyaka ka-2009, i- Savella (i-milnacipran HCl) yavunywa kwimeko.
Gout Drugs
I-Gout yenye yeyona ndlela ibuhlungu kakhulu ye-arthritis. Iyakwazi ukulawulwa ngamachiza, ukutya kunye nokuguquka kwendlela yokuphila. Kukho imiba emithathu yonyango lwama-gout ngamachiza: ama-analgesics, imishanguzo echasayo, kunye neziyobisi ukulawula amanqanaba e-uric acid kunye nokuhlaselwa kwe-gout .
Iziyobisi ngenxa yokutya ziquka:
- I-Acetaminophen (iTylenol), okanye ezinye i-painkillers ezibuhlungu, ngenxa yokuphulukana nentlungu
- I-NSAID (izidakamizwa ezingavumelani nokutsha), ngokuqhelekileyo i-Indocin (i-indomethacin), ngenxa yokuvuvukala
- Colchicine , ukukhusela okanye ukukhulula ukuhlaselwa kwe-gout
- I-Corticosteroids, ngokuphendula ngokukhawuleza okuchasayo
- Probenecid (Benemid, Probalan), ukunciphisa amanqanaba egazi e-uric acid
- I-ColBenemid (iCol-Probenecid ne-Proben-C) inezixhobo zokulwa ne-gout
- I-Allopurinol (zyloprim) , ukunciphisa igazi le-uric acid ngokukhusela umveliso we-uric acid
- I-Losartan (Cozaar, Hyzaar), kungekhona isicatshulwa se-gout, kodwa isicati se-anti-hypertensive esingasinceda ukulawula amazinga e-uric acid
- I-Fenofibrate (Tricor), kungekhona isicatshulwa esithile se-gout, kodwa isilwanyana esinciphisa i-lipid esingasinceda amazinga e-uric acid
- I-uloric (i-febuxostat) , iyanciphisa amanqanaba e-serum uric acid ngokuthintela i-xanthine oxidase
- I-Krystexxa (i-pegloticase), isichobo se-biologic esisebenza ngokuphula i-acid yase-uric
Osteoporosis Izidakamizwa
I-Osteoporosis yimeko ebonakaliswa ngamathambo aguqayo, anamahloni, aqhelekileyo kubantu abadala, kodwa kwaye ingabangela ingxaki kubantu abaye bathatha i-corticosteroids (steroids) ixesha elide. Kukho iindidi ezininzi zezikhetho ze-osteoporosis: i-estrogens, i-hormone ephazamisayo, i-agents form formation, i-bisphosphonates, kunye nama-molecule e-receptor. Ngokuxhomekeke kwisiphi isilwanyana esisetyenzisiweyo, unokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwethambo, ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwethambo, nokunciphisa umngcipheko weentsimbi.
Iziyobisi ngenxa ye-osteoporosis ziquka:
- Actonel (risedronate)
- Boniva (ibandronate)
- Didronel (etidronate)
- I-Estrogens (i-hormone therapy)
- I-Evista (raloxifene)
- Forteo (teriparatide)
- Fosamax (alendronate)
- Miacalcin (calcitonin)
- Ukuphinda (i-zoledronic acid)
- Prolia (denosumab)
ILizwi
Iinjongo eziphambili zokuphatha i-arthritis nezifo ze-rheumatic ngamayeza ziquka ukulawula intlungu, ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala, ukuphuculwa kokuqhubeka kwesifo, nokulawula imisebenzi yesifo. Kukho ezininzi iintlobo ze-arthritis kunye neziyobisi ezininzi kwiklasi nganye. Oku kwenza ukhetho lwenyango luyinkimbinkimbi. Ukugqiba ukuba yiyiphi imithi okanye ukudibanisa kweyeza unyango kulungile. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuthathe isilingo kunye nephutha-kwaye uza kuqhubeka uzama de ube uzive ufumene impendulo eyaneleyo. I-Wellwell iqokelele iinkcukacha ozifunayo ukuze wazi malunga namayeza e-arthritis. Ulwazi olubonelelwe luyakunceda uqonde ukuba kutheni uthabatha unyango oluthathayo kwaye luyakunceda ukuba wenze imibuzo kumgqirha wakho.
> Umthombo:
> Kelley's Bookbook yeRheumatology. Icandelo 8. I-Pharmacology ye-Antirheumatic Drugs. Elsevier. I-ninth edition. Fi kelelwa ngo 07/23/16.