Ukuba ugqirha wakho ekuxelele ukuba kufuneka uhlolwe i- emphysema , unokuzibuza ukuba yiziphi iimvavanyo ezisetyenziselwa ukuxilongwa.
I-Emphysema yindlela yesifo esingapheliyo sesifo se-pulmonary disease, okanye i- COPD , echaphazela ukulimala kwe- alveoli , iibhasi ezincinci zomoya apho kushintshaniswa oksijini kunye ne-carbon dioxide. Xa lo monakalo uvela, kunokukwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula.
Wena kunye nogqirha wakho unokukhathazeka ukuba unayo nayiphi na impawu okanye iimpawu ze-emphysema ezifana nokuphefumula , ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo (okanye ngaphandle kokuvelisa i-sputum), ukunciphisa ukunyamezela kokuzivocavoca okanye ukulahleka kokunciphisa umzimba.
Ukufumanisa i-emphysema kudla ngokuquka ukuvavanya umsebenzi wakho wamaphaphu kwakunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba awunayo ezinye izimbangela zeempawu zakho. Masiqwalasele ngokuthe ngqo ezinye zeemvavanyo ezisetyenziselwa ukuxilongwa.
Imbali kunye neMzimba
Izimpawu zokubonisa kunye neziphumo ezenziwe ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwempilo kunika ugqirha wakho ngeenkcukacha zokuqala kwanoma yintoni ingxaki yempilo, i-emphysema ifakiwe.
Ngexesha lokutyelela iofisi, ugqirha uya kukubuza imibuzo enxulumene nomlando wakho. Oku kuya kubandakanya ukubuza malunga neempawu eziqhelekileyo ezifana noku:
- Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo (okanye ngaphandle kokukhwehlela i-sputum)
- Ukuphefumula ngokukhawuleza ( tachypnea ) - Isiqhelo esiphezulu sokuphefumula kubantu abadala ku-12 kuya kwe-18 ukuphefumula ngomzuzu
- Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
- Ukwazi ukusetyenziswa kangangoko kunokuba kudlulileyo
- Ukuhla ukusinda
- Ukunciphisa ukutya
- Ukugubha
- Ukulala kakubi
- Ukuxinezeleka
Uya kucela kwakhona malunga nemingcipheko ye-emphysema efana nokutshaya, ukutshaya umsi , kunye nokuhlaselwa kwimizi yamachiza kunye nezinye izinto.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ngelixa i-emphysema ibangelwa kukutshaya, abantu abangakhange bavume banokuphuhliswa kwesi sifo.
Uya kubuzwa kwakhona malunga nembali yakho yentsapho. Ezinye izimbangela ze-emphysema, ezinjenge- alpha-1-antitrypsin ukusilela , ziqhutywa kwiintsapho. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvumela ugqirha ukuba wazi ukuba nawaphi amalungu entsapho yakho ayenemphysema kodwa engabhemanga.
Emva kokuthatha imbali echanekileyo, ugqirha uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba. Uya kuphulaphula imiphunga yakho, kodwa kwakhona ujonge ezinye iimpawu ze-emphysema ezifana:
- Ukuphefumula okungavamile
- Isifuba sombhobho (ibhokisi lombhobho libhekiselele kwisigodlo esingaba khona ngenxa ye-hyperinflation yemiphunga)
- Ukulahleka kwemizimba
- Ukuhla ukusinda
- Ukuqhawula izikhonkwane zakho (iClubbing iyimpawu apho iziphelo zeminwe zithatha ukubonakala kwezipuni ezisezantsi)
- Ukusetyenziswa kwemisipha yokufikelela - Xa abantu bezama kanzima ukuphefumula ngezifo zamaphaphu kunokuqhelekileyo ukubona ukusikwa kwemisipha yentamo ngenzame yokufumana umoya.
X-Ray
I-x-ray esifubeni kukuhlolisiswa kwe-radiography yemiphunga, intliziyo, imirhobho emikhulu, iimbambo kunye ne-diaphragm. I-x-ray yesifuba ingenziwa kwilebhu ye-radiology, iofisi yegqirha okanye kwisibhedlele sakho ukuba usesikhungweni.
Ugqirha wakho uya kwenza i-x-ray yokuqala yesifuba ukuze amncede afinyelele ukuxilongwa kwe-emphysema, kwaye emva koko kunyango phakathi kwonyango lwakho ukujonga inkqubela yakho. Kwi-x-ray, imiphunga ye-emphysematous ibukeka i-Lucist enempawu eziqhelekileyo ezivela emitanjeni yegazi engabonakali kakhulu. Iingqungquthela zibonakala zicwecwe ngenxa ye-hyperinflation yemiphunga (ephosa kwi-swelling.) Ngelishwa, utshintsho kwi-ray-ray alubonakali kwaze kwaba yilapho isifo sifana kakhulu.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, kuya kuqhutyelwa i-CT scan box, kokubili ukukunceda ukuxilongwa nokulawula ezinye iimeko ezingabangela iimpawu ezifana neempawu zomhlaza wemiphunga .
Umsebenzi wePulmonary Uvavanyo
Iimvavanyo zomsebenzi wePulmonary (PFTs) zenziwa ukuze zihlolwe umsebenzi wamaphaphu kwaye zenze umlinganiselo wonakalo kwimiphunga.
Kwizigulane ezine-emphysema, kunokubakho ukwanda kwenani lomthamo (TLC), inani elipheleleyo lomoya ongaphefumlayo emva kokuthatha umoya ophezulu kunokwenzeka kodwa ukuhla kweyona nto ibalulekileyo (umlinganiselo womoya onokukhatshwa ukusuka emiphakeni) kunye nomthamo wokunyanzelisa umoya (FEV), inani eliphezulu lomoya onokukhutshwa (ngokuqhelekileyo isamba esiphezulu esinokukhutshwa kwisibini). Ukuxhatshazwa kwesinye esinye isisiseko esibalulekileyo. Ivavanya indlela i-oksijeni eyahlukileyo ngayo i-alveoli eya kwigazi (i-capillaries) kunye nendlela i-carbon dioxide echaneka ngayo ukusuka kwigazi ukuya kwi-alveoli ukuze ikhuphe.
I-Spirometry yilingo olulula oluqhelekileyo lwenziwe ukujonga i-emphysema. Ilinganisa isixa kunye nendlela ophefumula ngayo kwaye uphefumule.
Olunye uvavanyo oluthiwa yi- Lung plethysmography lwenziwa kwakhona ukuze kuqinisekiswe amandla akho okuhlala , umlinganiselo womoya ushiye kwimiphunga yakho emva kokuphefumula. Ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa xa ukuxilongwa kungaqinisekanga ukuze kuhlukaniswe izifo eziphazamisayo nezifo ezithintekayo zemiphunga .
Yonke le migaqo iyadideka, kodwa ukuqonda isifo sakho kubalulekile ukuba ugqirha wakho achaze ukuba yintoni na kwaye bathetha ntoni. Ukuqonda apho la manani ngexesha lokuxilongwa kunokukunceda ukuba uqonde ukuba iimpawu zakho ziphucula okanye ziba nzima emva kokunyanga.
Iigesi zeGesi zeGesi
Iigesi zegazi ezichaphazelekayo (ABGs) zenziwa ngokuthatha igazi kwi-artery, njengombane we-radial kwisandla sakho okanye umthambo wakho wesifazane kwi-groin yakho.
Olu vavanyo lulinganisa umlinganiselo we-oksijini kunye ne-carbon dioxide egazini kwaye kukuvumela kunye noogqirha wakho ukuba bazi nge-asidi (i-pH) yegazi lakho.
I-ABG ingasetyenziselwa ukunceda ukuxilonga ubunzima besifo sakho kunye nokuphendula kwonyango.
Gcwalisa Igalelo leGazi
Inani elipheleleyo legazi (CBC) luvavanyo lwegazi olungasetyenziswa ekuncedeni ukuxilongwa kwe-emphysema kunye nokulawula iimeko ezahlukeneyo.
I-CBC idla ngokusetyenziswa ngexesha lokuhlola kwakho okokuqala kwaye ngokukhawuleza ukujonga imeko yakho.
Ugqirha wakho uya kuhlola rhoqo iCBC yakho, njengoko le yindlela enye yokufumanisa ubukho bentsholongwane. Ekubeni izifo zamaphaphu kunye ne-emphysema zinokuba nezimpawu ezifanayo, olu vavanyo lunokukunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba anike ukuba ngaba kukho naziphi iimpawu ezinxulumene neCOPD yakho okanye ukuba, endaweni yoko, unokufumana intsholongwane ekwandisa i-COPD yakho.
I-Emphysema Diagnosis
Ukubaluleka kokuxilongwa kwangaphambili kwe-emphysema akunakuze kugxininiswe. Nangona i-emphysema ingaphendulwanga yinkcazo, unyango lwe-emphysema yokuqala kunye nokubeka iliso ngononophelo kunokunceda ukuphucisa ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi.
> Imithombo
> Kasper, uDennis L .., u-Anthony S. Fauci, noStephen L .. Hauser. Iinqununu zeHarrison zeMithi yoPhakathi. ENew York: iMac Graw-Hill Education, 2015. Phrinta.
I-Heart Heart, i-Lung, ne-Blood Institute. COPD. Ukuxilongwa. Updated 04/28/17.