Izinketho zokwelapha kwiSigaba IV COPD

Iipilisi kunye neendlela zokulawula

Isifo esingapheliyo sokuphazamiseka kwesifo se-pulmary disease (COPD) sisifo sokuvuvukala kwemiphunga evimbela ukungena kwempompo. I-COPD ihlelwe zizigaba zesifo esinceda sikwazi ukufumana inkqubo engcono yonyango kwaye siqikelele isiphumo (ukuxela) kwesi sifo.

Isigaba IV sithathwa njengoluhlobo olunzima kakhulu lweCOPD kwaye lubonakaliswe kukuphefumula okufutshane ( dyspnea ). Kule nqanaba, amayeza akho awayi kusebenza kunye nokuba ayeyisebenzisayo, imisebenzi elula iya kukushiya ukuphefumla, kwaye uya kuba neengozi yokwanda kwe-lungs, izifo zokuphefumla, kunye nokungaphumeleli kokuphefumula.

Ngenxa yokuba i-COPD ayinakuphikiswa, le nqanaba yesifo idla ngokubizwa ngokuthi "isigaba sokugqibela seCOPD." Oku akuthethi ukuba akukho zindlela zokunyanga imeko. I-Global Initiative ye-Lung Dungase (GOLD) ikhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwezi ziphumo kunye neendlela ezifanelekileyo zokulawula isigaba IV COPD.

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Ukuyeka iiCigarettes

Nangona ufumene ukuba unikwe i-COPD ephakamileyo, akusayi kukhawuleza ukuvuna imivuzo yokuyeka ukutshaya . Akukwenzeki kuphela ukuyeka ukunyuswa kwenkqubela yesifo, iintlawulo zezempilo ziqhubeka zikhula njengoko ixesha lihamba.

Emva kweveki ezimbini, iimpawu zokugqithisa i-nicotine ziza kuqala ukuphazamiseka. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezizayo, umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa kwentliziyo uyancipha njengoko ukujikeleza kwakho kuphucula.

Emva kweenyanga ezintandathu ukuya kweyisithoba, uya kuqala ukuziva ungaphantsi kokuphefumula kwaye ube neengxaki ezimbalwa zokudibanisa kwe-sinus.

Kaninzi

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I-Flu ne-Pneumonia Vaccines

Izifo ze-Flu kunye ne-pneumonia ziphakathi kwezikhokelo zonyango lwe-GOLD kuzo zonke izigaba zesifo. Ukutshulwa komkhuhlane wonyaka kukunceda abantu banciphise umngcipheko wokunyuka kwe- COPD ngelixa unyango lwe - pneumonia linciphisa kakhulu amathuba okufumana i-bacterial pneumonia.

Izifundo zibonise ukutshulwa kwentsholongwane yonyaka yodwa yanciphisa ingozi yokugula nokufa kubantu abaneCOPD ngamaxa angama-50 ekhulwini.

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Bronchodilators ezimfutshane

Ukulondoloza i-inhalers , equkethe i-bronchodilators emfutshane efana neproventil (albuterol), bancede abantu abaneCOPD baphathe iimpawu eziqhubekayo okanye ezibuhlungu zesifo. Ezi zonyango ziyinxalenye yomgangatho wokunyamekela kuzo zonke izigaba zeCOPD.

I-Albuterol iyilisi ye-beta-agonist-class that helps your muscles around your airways. Iproventil isetyenziselwa ukuphatha iipasodes ezinqabileyo zokuphefumla okufutshane kunye ne-bronchospasm.

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I-Bronchodilators ende

Njengoko i-COPD yakho iqhubela phambili, ugqirha wakho angongeza enye okanye ngaphezulu i- bronchodilators esebenza ixesha elide ukukhusela okanye ukunciphisa ukubonakala kweempawu. Ngoxa usebenzisa i-bronchodilator enye yesikhathi eside ikhuselekile, unyango oludibeneyo luhlala lusebenza ngokulinganayo kunye nemiphumo embalwa yecala.

I-beta-agonists esebenza ixesha elide yinto enye ye-bronchodilator equkethe imithi efana ne-salmeterol okanye i-formoterol. I-anticholinergics ende enomsebenzi omnye usebenzise i-Atrovent, Spiriva , okanye i-Combivent.

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Ukubuyiselwa kwePulmonary Rehabilitation

Ukulungiswa kwepulmonary ngokuqhelekileyo kwongezwa ngexesha le-II COPD kwaye liqhubeka njengoko isifo sifana. Kuquka ukuzivocavoca, ukuphucula iindlela zokuphefumula , iingcebiso ezinomsoco , kunye nenkxaso yemoya yokunceda abantu bajongane kakuhle nemeko yabo.

I-rehabyard rehab inokunceda ekunciphiseni iimpawu zesifo , ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi, ukunciphisa ukuhlukaniswa kwezentlalo, nokwandisa ixesha lokusinda. Le nkqubo isebenzisa iqela lamagosa amaninzi, abahlengikazi kunye nabacebisi.

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Steroid Medication

Ukwelashwa nge-glucocorticoids (eyaziwa ngokuba yi-steroids) inengxabano, kodwa i-GOLD iyancomela kwifomu evulekileyo xa ufikelela kwisigaba se-III kwaye uxhaphake kwiimeko ezinzima.

I-Oral steroids ingasetyenziselwa ukuphatha i-COPD xa iimpawu zihamba ngokukhawuleza. I-steroids ye-inhaled , ngokuphambene nayo, isetyenziselwa ukunyanga iimpawu ezizinzile okanye xa iimpawu zihamba zihamba phambili.

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Oxygen Therapy

Ulwaphulo lwe-oksijeni lunconywa kwisigaba se-IV malunga nokuqhubeka, ngexesha lokuzivocavoca, kunye / okanye ukukhupha iipyside ze-dyspnea.

I-oksijeni eqhubekayo ixhaswa ukuba abo ba-PaO2 (njengoko kulinganiswa ngamagesi egazi ) i-55 mm i-HG okanye ngaphantsi okanye i- oksijeni ye-oksijiti ye-saturation ingaphantsi okanye ilingana nama-88 ekhulwini.

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Ukuguqulwa kwamaLung

Kukho iintlobo ezintathu ze-operesheni zamaphaphu ezitholakalayo kulabo bahlangabezana neenkcazo ezikhethekileyo kunye nesigaba IV COPD. Ziquka i- bullectomy esetyenziselwa ukuphatha iindawo ezinkulu zomoya kwindawo yokuphuculwa kwenani lomphunga, i- LVRS esetyenziselwa ukususa imiphunga yokugula kunye nokufakelwa kwemiphunga .

Iingxaki zengqesho eziqhelekileyo ziqhelekileyo, ingakumbi kulabo abagqithiseleyo, kwimpilo embi, baluphele, okanye bashiye umsi.

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Isisondlo esifanelekileyo sokutya kwiiCalories

Ukutya okunempilo kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abanesigaba se-IV COPD njengoko eso sifo sibeka uxinzelelo olukhulu emzimbeni kwaye sitshise ngokugqibeleleyo yonke ifowuni oyifumanayo ekudleni. Ngaloo ndlela, abantu abaneCOPD baya kudinga ukwandisa i-caloric intake , ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokutya okunempilo ezinotye kwi-antioxidants kunye neeprotochemicals.

Ukutya okunokunceda kwakhona ukuqinisa umzimba wakho wokhuseleko lomzimba kwaye, kwakhona, kunceda ukulwa nezifo zesifuba eziqhelekileyo kubantu abaneCOPD.

> Umthombo

• > I-Global Initiative yeZifo zokuLungula (GOLD). " Ubungqina kwiNkxaso yokuLuthintela nokuThengiswa kweTransli ." Isikhokelo sePocket kwiCOPD Ukuxilongwa, ukuPhathwa, nokuPhepha: IsiKhokelo seNgcaciso yezeMpilo. 2017: 9-18.