Ingqwalaselo yeimpawu zeHIV
Inkambo ye- HIV iyahluka ukusuka kumntu ukuya kumntu njengoko yenza imiqondiso kunye neempawu zentsholongwane. Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-HIV ayiyi kubonakalisa nayiphi na impawu ephawulekayo kwiminyaka, nangamawaka eminyaka, ngexesha. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuphela xa isifo siqhubeka-ngokuthe gqolo sichitha ukusebenza komzimba njengokuba ibulala ii-cells ze-CD-T ezikhuselayo - ukuba iimpawu ze-HIV zibonakala ngokucacileyo. Ngelishwa, le yile nqanaba xa isifo siphezulu kwaye kaninzi kunzima ukunyanga.
Ukwazi impawu zentsholongwane kaGawulayo kubalulekile ekukuqondiseni ukuvavanya ngexesha, ukunyamekela, kunye nonyango. Kodwa bona bodwa akufanele kube sizathu sokuba ufumane uvavanyo. Ukuba uyakrokrela ukuba uye wavelelwa kwi-HIV, mhlawumbi ngoku okanye nanini na ngexesha elidlulileyo, ungalindi ukuba imiqondiso ibonakale . Vavanywa ngoku. Yona yodwa indlela yokwazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba unayo i-HIV. Ngokwenza njalo, unokuqinisekisa ngokuqinisekileyo kungekhona nje kuphela impilo yakho yexesha elide kodwa impilo yabakujikelezile.
Iimpawu ezichasene neempawu ezingapheliyo
Izigaba ze-HIV zichazwe ngokuqhelekileyo njengokuba ziba nzima okanye zihlala zingapheliyo. Oku kubalulekile ukuqonda kuba iintlobo zeempawu ezingenakho ukufumana amava kungekhona nje ukubonisa ukuba umntu unentsholongwane-ingabonisa nokuba indlela yokutshatyalaliswa kwangoku okanye ukusuleleka.
- Ukusuleleka kwe-HIV ngokuthethelelekileyo kubhekisela kwixesha apho umzimba uqala ukungena kwi-virus kunye nokukhusela ukukhusela umzimba. Ngeli xesha, malunga neepesenti ezingama-40 zabantu baya kufumana iimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane njengoko umzimba ulwa nokulawula ukusuleleka. Nangona ezinye zeempawu ziza kubakho jikelele kwaye zingezizo ezithile, kunokubakho abanye abanokuthi bacetyise ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane- ngokukodwa xa kukho umngcipheko wokutshatyalaliswa kwangoko.
- Usulelo olungapheliyo lwe-HIV , ngokuchaseneyo, lubhekisela kwisithuba emva koko iimpawu eziqinileyo ziye zazisombulula. Kwabanye, isisombululo seempawu (okanye ukungahambi kweempawu) zingabonisa ubungqina bokuthi ukhuseleko luye lwaphetshwa. Kodwa inyaniso elula kukuba ezininzi iimpawu ze-HIV ezingapheliyo azibonakali kwaye zihlala zihlala iminyaka kangangokuba intsholongwane ikhusele ngokukhuselekileyo ukukhusela umzimba. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuphela xa izikhuselo ziphazamiseka ukuba izibonakaliso zokuqala zokugula zihamba, zihamba kunye nokubulawa kweempawu ezibonisa ngakumbi intsholongwane yentsuku edeleyo kunesifo esisodwa.
Iimpawu eziphezulu ze-HIV
Ezi zinokuthi zibekwe njengalezo zibonwa ngethuba ngexesha lesiganeko okanye isigxina esingasigxina sentsholongwane (kunye nakwimiba emibini):
Rash engachaziyo. Ukukhawuleza kudla ngokuba ngumqondiso wokuqala wokusuleleka, nangona kubonakala kuphela kubini kubo bonke abatsha abatsha basulelayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthiwa " ukugqithiswa kwe-HIV ," kubonakala ngathi iiklinikhi zichazwe njengemaculopapular. Ngenkcazo, i- maculopapular rash enye ebonakaliswe yindawo ephakanyisiweyo, ebomvu-obomvu yesikhumba ehlanganiswe neincinci, ezinjenge-pimple-like bumps ezivame ukudibana kunye.
Nangona izifo ezininzi zingabangela ukuba lolu hlobo lokukhawuleza, ngexesha lokusuleleka kwe-HIV ngokugqithiseleyo, kuya kubakho ukuchaphazela iindawo ezingaphezulu zomzimba, ngamanye amaxesha zihamba kunye nezilonda kwiimbrane zomlomo zomlomo okanye izitho zangasese. Izimpawu ezinjenge-Flu nazo ziqhelekile. Iziqheko zivame ukuxazulula phakathi kweyure ukuya kwiiveki ezimbini. Ulwaphulo lwe-HIV lufuneka luqaliswe xa usulelekile.
I-Swollen Lymph Glands. I-lymph glands (eyaziwa nangokuthi i- lymphadenopathy ) ihlala ikhona kwinqanaba le-HIV. Ngokuqhelekileyo ebonakala entanyeni, ngaphantsi okanye emva kweendlebe, kwi-groin, okanye phantsi kwe-armpit, i-lymphadenopathy ayiyi kubuhlungu kuphela kodwa ingabonakali kwiimeko ezinzima. Ngamanye amaxesha abantu badideka yi-lymphadenopathy, bekholelwa ukuba ngumqondiso "we-lymph node". Ukuba kukho nantoni na, yinto ebonisa ngakumbi impendulo enamandla yomzimba njengoko umzimba uhlose ukulwa nenjenge-infective njenge-HIV.
I-Lymphadenopathy ngexesha lesiganeko liqheleke ngokubanzi, oku kuthetha ukuba kwenzeka kwiindawo ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu emzimbeni. Xa ama-nodes aphezulu kunama-centimitha amabini (malunga ne-intshi) kwaye idlulileyo kwiinyanga ezingaphezu kweenyanga ezintathu, ngokuqhelekileyo kuthiwa yi-lymphadenopathy eqhubekayo, okanye i-PGL. I-PGL inokuqhubeka ngokuqhubekayo kwisigaba esingasigxina sentsholongwane kwaye ingathatha inyanga, okanye kwiminyaka, ukugqiba ngokupheleleyo. Ukuphunyezwa kwonyango lwe-antiretroviral ngokubanzi kunceda ukulungisa imeko ngokunciphisa ukuvutha komgangatho ophantsi ochaphazelekayo.
Thrush Oral. Sonke sinomlomo wamasasa-loo ngqumbo, inambuzane enqabileyo yinqwelo enxiba umlomo wakho ekuseni kusasa xa uvuka. Kodwa kuthekani ukuba i-taste flagrant kunye neengubo ezimhlophe azihambi kunye ne-brushing elula? Emva koko unokufumana uphawu oluqhelekileyo lwe-HIV-thrush. Eyaziwa nangokuthi i- candidiasis , i- thrush yintsholongwane ye-fungal echaphazelekayo kunye ne-immune system kwaye ingaba yinto yokuqala yokugula. Nangona ngokuqhelekileyo kubonakala emlonyeni, i-candidiasis ingabonakala kwakhona emqaleni nasemzimbeni.
Nangona i-candidiasis inokubangelwa yiphina inani leengxaki ezingenayo i-HIV, ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abane-HIV ephambili banikezela ukunyuswa kwe-immune. Ngaloo ndlela, sivame ukubona i-candidiasis ngakumbi kubantu abanamaqondo aphantsi kakhulu e- CD4 (ngaphantsi kwama-cell cell / mL). Enyanisweni, ukusabalalisa kwe-candidiasis kuphakame kakhulu kubantu abane-HIV ephakamileyo kangangokuthi ihlelwa njengolu hlobo olucacileyo lwe-AIDS ukuba lubonisa ngaphakathi kwe-bronchi, i-trachea, i-esophagus, okanye imiphunga. Nangona iziyobisi ezinokuthi zixhaphake zisetyenziselwa ukuphatha i-thrush, ukuqaliswa kwonyango lwe-HIV kunokunceda ukubuyisela ukusebenza komzimba, kungcono ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokubuya.
Izifo ezithathelwana ngesondo. Ukufumana isifo soxhatshazwa ngesondo (i-STD) akusithethi ukuba unayo i-HIV, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo iphakamisa izithintelo-ukwandisa ukukhutshwa komntu ongenayo i-HIV, kunye nokunyanzelisa umntu onentsholongwane kaGawulayo. Akunakwenzeka kuphela ukuba ii-STD zinike i-HIV ngendlela ehambelanayo yokungena emzimbeni ngokusebenzisa izilonda ezivulekileyo kunye nezilonda, zingabangela ukuvuvukala okwenza iifayile ze-CD4 kwisayithi zentsholongwane-ngokungaqhelekanga, zona iiseli ezijoliswe ngu-HIV ekukhuselweni.
Uphando luye lwabonisa ukuba i-STD inokunyusa ukuxilongwa kwe-HIV kwimbilini kunye namanzi asemzimbeni , ukuphakamisa ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane kunye nakwezinye izinto zonyango olukhuselekileyo lwe-antiretroviral. Ngenxa yoko, umntu onentsholongwane kaGawulayo kunye ne-STD iyakwazi ukutheleleka kathathu kunomntu onentsholongwane kaGawulayo kuphela. Ukusetyenziswa kwekhondom ehlangeneyo kusekho iindlela eziphambili zokuthintela ukusasazeka kwe-HIV kunye nezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngesondo.Ukunyuka kwamaKhupha ebusuku. Asikhulumi ngomkhuhlane kumkhuhlane okanye ngesinye isikhathi somkhuhlane. Sithetha ngokungazichazi, ukuxubha ukusila ebusuku okungazincwina zakho iibhedi zebhedi. Ukukhupha ebusuku (eyaziwa nangokuthi i- hyperhidrosis yokulala ) iqhubeka rhoqo kubantu abane-HIV, mhlawumbi ngenxa yentsholongwane engabonakaliyo okanye isiphumo esithe ngqo se-HIV ngokwayo. Nangona naziphi na izigulana zingabangela ukukhupha ebusuku, zixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abanokusuleleka kwe-HIV kwaye zibonakaliswe ngokugqithisa, ukucubungela umqubuzelo ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo.
Ngoxa ubusuku buzibophezela ngokwabo abazizinyango, ziyakubonisa ukuba luyingozi kakhulu, imeko engonyango. Isifo sesifo sofuba kunye nezinye izifo ezinxulumene neHIV (kuquka iMiccobacterium avium complex and histoplasmosis ) ziphakathi kwezifo eziqhelekileyo ezihambelana nale meko. Naliphi na isiqendu sobusuku bobusuku akufanele sinyanzeliswe kwaye sifanele siqinisekise ukuvavanya kwe-HIV kunye nokuhlolwa kophando jikelele.Ngokukhawuleza, Ukukhululeka Kwisisindo. Ngokukhawuleza, ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esingaqondangayo kuqhelekileyo phakathi kwabantu abanokusulelwa kwintsholongwane kaGawulayo-ixesha elide kwizigaba eziphambili zesifo. Nangona kunjalo, xa kubonakaliswe ukulahlekelwa ubunzima ubuncinane ubuncinane beepesenti ezili-10 kwaye ihamba kunye nomkhuhlane kunye nesifo sohudo kwisithuba seentsuku ezingama-30 okanye ngaphezulu, le meko inokuthi ichithwe ngokwasemzimbeni njenge- HIV .
Ngokungafani nokugubungela ebusuku, ukutshabalalisa i-HIV akunalo isizathu ngaphandle kwe-HIV ngokwayo. Kwaye nangona unyango lwe-antiretroviral lwangoku luye lwanciphisa iziganeko zokuchitha abantu abane-HIV, amaninzi angama-34 ekhulwini anesiphelo esithile sokulahleka kwesisindo. Uvavanyo lwe-HIV kufuneka luhlale lubandakanywa njengenxalenye yoviwo lwezonyango ukuba lijongane nokulahlekelwa kwindleko (ngokuthe ngqo, ukulahleka kwesisindo somzimba). Ukongeza kwonyango le-HIV, uFulyzaq (crofelemer) , isicatshulwa esivunywe yi-US Food and Drug Administration, sikwazi ukujongana nokuphucula i-HIV echaphazelekayo.
> Imithombo:
> Cohen, M .; Gay, C; Busch, P .; kunye noHecht, F. "Ukufunyanwa kweNtsholongwane kaGawulayo." I-Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2010; 202 (iSongezelelo2): S270-S277.
> IiNational Institutes of Health (NIH). "Izikhokelo Zokuthintela Nokunyangwa Kwezonyango Ezichaphazelekayo Kwi-HIV-Abathintekayo Abathintekayo ne-Adolescents." AIDSInfo; EBethesda, eMaryn; fi kelele ngoJulayi 21, 2016.