Inyaniso kunye neFiction xa ifika kwi-STD
Izifo ezithathelwana ngesondo zibangelwa ziintlobo zee-virus, ii-bacteria, kunye nama-parasites kwaye zinokudluliselwa ngeendlela zokuziphatha ngokwesondo ezifana nesondo esingakhuselekanga, isilwane kunye / okanye isondo somlomo.
I-United States inezinga eliphezulu kakhulu kwezifo ezithathelwana ngesondo (STDs) zaliphi na uhlanga olunezimboni ezinezigidi ezingama-19 zaseMerika ezifumana i-STD unyaka ngamnye. Izibalo ziqikelela ukuba omnye kuwo onke amabini aseMelika uza kubamba ubuncinane isifo esisodwa esisinikwe ngesini ngexesha lokuphila.
Imfundo yesini esifanelekileyo kunye nokwaziswa kakuhle ngeengxaki ze- STD kunokunceda ukukhusela ezinye zezifo. Nangona kukho ulwazi oluninzi oluchanekileyo lwe-STD olukhoyo, ngokukwankcenkcesha yeentsomi. Enyanisweni, abantu abaninzi bayothuka xa beva ukuba ezinye zezinto ababezikholelwayo malunga ne-STD ziyingcamango. Zingaphi zalezi zinyaniso ozivile, kwaye yintoni enye inyaniso?
Inkolelo # 1: Awukwazi ukufumana izifo ezithathelwana ngesondo ukusuka ekunxibelelweni kwe-Skin-to-Skin
Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuba nje kuphela xa ungalalani ngesondo, awukwazi ukubamba i-STD. Oku akunjalo nje.
Ezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngesondo, ezifana ne- pubic lice (i-crabs) kunye ne-scabi zingadluliselwa kalula kwiqabane ukuya kumlingane nje ngoqhagamshelwano lolusu lolusu.
Ezinye ii-STD zingadluliselwa ngoqhagamshelwano lomzimba ngaphandle kokulala.
Ukuze uzikhusele ngakumbi, kubalulekile ukuqonda iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezinokudluliselwa kwi-STD.
Inkolelo # 2: I pilisi yoLawulo lokuzalwa inikeza ukhuseleko lwe-STD
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukukhusela ukukhulelwa kunye nokukhusela isifo sesifo esithathelwana ngesondo akuyona into efanayo.
Uninzi lwe- contraceptive ye-hormonal lungaphumelela kakhulu ekunciphiseni amathuba okukhulelwa, kodwa ezi ndlela zokulawula ukuzalwa azikhusela izifo ezithathelwana ngesondo. Ngenxa yokuba ipilisi ayigcini ukwabelana kwamanzi emzimbeni ngexesha lesini, ayinikeli naluphi na ukhuseleko lwe-STD .
Inkolelo # 3: Ingozi enkulu ye-STD ivela kwi-oral Oral
Nangona intsha eninzi ingaqondi ukuba izifo ezithathelwana ngesondo zingabanjwa ngexesha lesondo lomlomo, i-CDC kunye nabaqeqeshi bezempilo abaninzi bacinga ukuba isondo sangasese esingakhuselekanga sokuba nesifo se-STD esiphezulu.
Oku kubangelwa ukuba izicubu ezijikeleze i-anus zincinci kwaye zincinci (ebizwa ngokuba yi-fissures) ngokuqhelekileyo zenzeke emva kokulala ngesondo okanye emva kokusebenzisa amathoyizi eentlobano ezifakwe kwi-anus.
Indlela efanelekileyo yokukhusela ii-STD ngexesha lokulala ngokwesondo kukusebenzisa iikhondom . Kananjalo ungafuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke izathoyilo zakho zesini zihlambulukanga kwaye azibi nabanye.
Oko kwathiwa, isondo somlomo singakhokelela ngokucacileyo kwi-STD kwaye ibe yindlela yokudluliselwa kwezifo ezifana ne-HIV, herpes, HPV, gonorrhea, syphilis, nokunye. Ukuba ufuna ukuzikhusela kwii-STD ngexesha logonyo lomlomo, amantombazana enamazinyo angasetyenziswe njengesithintelo esiyimpumelelo.
Inkolelo # 4: ii-STD ziya kuthi zihambe ekuhambeni kwazo
Ngelishwa, inkolelo yokuba ii-STD ziya kuhamba ngaphandle kwonyango kucingelwa ukuba zincinci ngokunyanzelekileyo zentlungu engapheliyo ye-pelvic kunye nokungabikho kwintsholongwane kubafazi abaninzi. Ngethuba le miqathango ifunyaniswa, umonakalo (ngenxa ye-STD engaphendulwanga kwiimeko ezininzi) sele sele yenziwe.
I-Chlamydia yisona sifo esichazwa ngokuxhaphakileyo ngesondo, esilandelwa yi- gonorrhea , kwaye emva koko i- syphilis . Ukususela ngo-2001, ama-chlamydia amazinga aye ekhula rhoqo ngonyaka.
Ama-STD afana ne-chlamydia, i-gonorrhea kunye ne-syphilis ibangelwa zizibhaktheriya, ngoko kufuneka ziphathwe ngamayeza okulwa ukuze ziphiliswe.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, abasetyhini abanezifo ezidluliselwa ngesondo aziyi kuba neyiphi na impawu, ngoko bengazi ukuba banesifo. Yingakho ukuhlolwa kwe-STD kubaluleke kakhulu.
Nangona ii-STD ezinokuthi zingaphathwa ngokuthe kancinci nge-antibiotics, zinokubangela iingxaki zexesha elide njengezifo zesifo se-pelvic kunye nesifo sokungabikho kwintsholongwane xa sishiywa singaphendulwa. Izifo ezininzi ezingaphendulwanga zingakhokelela kwiinkinga zokukhulelwa.
Inkolelo # 5: Iikomso ezimbini zilunge kunomnye wokunciphisa ingozi ye-STD
Ngokweqile, umntu unokucinga ukuba ukusebenzisa iikhondom ezimbini ziza kunika ukukhusela okungcono kwe-STD kunye kodwa, ngokwenene, oku akunjalo .
Oogqirha kunye nabenzi bekhondom bacebisa ukuba ukungqubuzana okungadingekanga kubangelwa phakathi kweikhondom ezimbini ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo kwaye oku kwandisa amathuba okuba enye okanye zombini iikhondom iyakunqumla-ekushiye ingozi enkulu yokubambisana nesifo esithathelwana ngesondo kunye nokukhulelwa.
Le yimeko yokusetyenziswa kwamakhondom amabini okanye ukusebenzisa iikhondom yabesilisa nabesifazana . Ngaphantsi: "iikhondom ziphindwe kabini" ayikho.
Inkolelo # 6: Unokuphela kweekhontrakthi ze-Herpes ukuba wakho umlingani unokuba nokuqhambuka
I-genital herpes yinto eqhelekileyo, ephindaphindiweyo, isifo sesifo sofuba esichaphazelekayo esibonakaliswe zizilonda emlonyeni okanye kwizitho zangasese kwaye ziyakusasazeka nangona kungabikho ukugqabhuka.
Ngexesha elingasebenzi (xa kungekho zilonda ezikhoyo), intsholongwane ayikwazi ukudluliselwa komnye umntu. Kanti oku kunokuba yinto ekhohlakeleyo ngenxa yegciwane le-herpes, ngamaxesha athile (engaziwa kumntu osulelekileyo,) ngokuqhelekileyo iqala ukuphindaphinda ngaphandle kokubangela iimpawu okanye izilonda (oku kubhekiswa njengophalaza.)
Ngexesha lokuphalaza okanye xa izilonda ezivulekileyo zikhona, intsholongwane inokuchaphazela abanye abantu ngaluphi na uhlobo loqhagamshelwano lwezesondo okanye ukumanga. Okwangoku, akukho unyango lwe-herpes, nangona iilwimi zingasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa iimpawu okanye ukunciphisa inani lokugqabhuka.
Inkolelo # 7: Amadoda angama-Sexual Sexual Can not Be infected with HIV
Nabani na umntu onokubamba i- HIV xa bebandakanya ukuziphatha kakubi kwezesondo nomlingane osulelekileyo ukuba ingaba yindoda okanye ibhinqa.
I-HlV ayicacaluli ngokusekelwe kwimiba yesondo. I-Gay okanye amadoda aphezulu kunye nabasetyhini banako ukuthenga i-HIV.
Abasetyhini (okanye abo balala ngesondo esilumkileyo) banokuba yingozi enkulu yokusuleleka ngu-HIV okanye esinye isifo esithathelwana ngesondo ngenxa yokuba umlomo wesibeleko (okanye i-anus) unobungozi kakhulu kwizilwanyana ezithile eziphatheka ngesondo.
Ngaphandle koko, izicubu zesisu okanye izicubu zangasese ziyakwazi ukugqabula ngexesha lomsebenzi wesondo ukwenza kube lula kwi-STD ye-HIV ukungena kwigazi.
Ukongeza, ukuba nomnye uhlobo lwe-STD kunokunyusa amathuba okufumana i-HIV .
Inkolelo # 8: Ukuba Ulala Ngesibhakabhakeni okanye I-Tub Tub, i-Chlorine iya Kubulala nayiphi na i-STD
Iingcamango ezingemva kwesiganeko malunga nesondo kunye nokukhulelwa ngaphantsi kwamanzi kumachibi okanye amathabhu ashushu kukuba ukuba ulala ngesimo samanzi achlorityiweyo, ikhemikhali iya kubulala imbewu.
Nangona i-chlorine inokusebenza njenge- spermicide , ukuphumelela kwayo kuxhomekeke ekubeni ichlorine kangakanani amanzi. Nangona kukho i-chlorine eninzi, akunakwenzeka ukuba i-chlorine yayingenakunzulu ngokwaneleyo ngaphakathi kwindoda yesifazane ukuze ibulale umdaka oye wangena kuwo.
Amanzi anokuqukethe i-chlorine okanye namanzi ashushu (njengama-tubs ashushu) ayithinteli ukuhanjiswa kwe-STD. Enyanisweni, umngcipheko wokusuleleka okanye ukucaphukisa unokuba lukhulu xa amanzi enetyuwa, i-chlorine, okanye iibhaktheriya njengoko ezi zinto zinganyanzeliswa kwisisu ngokushukunyiswa kwexesha lesini ngexesha lokulala ngesini .
Ukuba nesondo kumanzi kunokwandisa amathuba omfazi ekuphuhliseni usuleleko lwe-urinary kunye / okanye isifo sovulo. Iikhondom zamabhinqa yindlela efanelekileyo kakhulu yokukhusela ii-STD ngelixa ulala ngesininzi kumanzi kodwa ayikho i-100 ekhulwini ephumelelayo.
Iikhondom zamadoda zingasebenza kodwa kunokuba kunzima ukusebenzisa kakuhle amanzi. Ukuba uthembela kwiikondom zesilisa, kukulungele ukuba ufake ikhondom ngelixa uphume emanzini uze uhlolisise ukuba uhlale ulala phantsi kocansi kwamanzi.
Inkolelo # 9: Emva kokuba unesifo se-STD, unako ukuhlelwa kweNkontileka enye
Ngokungafani nentsholongwane, umzekelo, inkukhu yenkukhu, isifo sesifo esithathelwana ngesondo ayinciphise amathuba okubamba omnye.
Enyanisweni, umntu onesifo esisodwa se-STD ngokwenene unako ukufumana enye into. Oku kungenxa yokuba kulula ukuba i-microorganism echaphazelekayo yesifo echaphazela isifo esikhwelise, esikhankanywe okanye esicasulayo. Kwakhona ngaphandle kokuthetha ukuba iindlela zokuphila ezikhokelela kwi-STD enye kunokukhokelela kwenye.
Inkolelo # 10: Ukuba awunayo ikhondom, Sebenzisa umbhobo wePlastiki
Ukusetyenziswa kwengubo yeplastiki endaweni yekhondom yinto engummangaliso omkhulu, abantu abaninzi kakhulu bekholelwa ukuba ukugqithwa kweplastiki (iiggs okanye ibhaluni) kunokuthintela izifo ezithathelwana ngesondo xa kungekho zikhondom ezungeze.
Ezi zinto zendlu azihambisani kakuhle, ngoko zikwazi ukuza lula ngexesha lesondo. Ekubeni akuklanyelwe ukulwa nokuxhatshazwa kwezenzo zesondo, ukugoba ngeplastiki kunokuqhekeka lula.
Iikhondom zenziwe ngokukodwa ukuba zinikezele kakuhle (njengoko zininzi iintlobo kunye nobukhulu bekhondom ngenxa yesi sizathu) kwaye bavavanywa ngokupheleleyo ukuba baphumelele.
Ngoko, ukuba awusebenzisi i- latex , i- polyisoprene (i-SKYN engekho i-latex condoms) okanye ikhondomu ye-polyurethane , unokwandisa ingozi yakho ye-STD. Ukongeza kwengubo yeplastiki, gcineni engqondweni ukuba izinto zemvelo (i-lambskin) iikhondom nazo azikwazi ukukhusela izifo ezithathelwana ngesondo. Iintlobo zeekhondom zinama-pores amancinci anokuvumela ii-STD ukuba ziphumelele. Gcina ukhumbule ukuba uninzi lwezidalwa ezenza izifo ezithathelwana ngesondo zincinci kunesidoda.
Ngaphantsi kweengcinga ngeengxaki zokugula ngesondo
Njengoko kuphawuliwe ngasentla, kukho ininzi yeengcinga eziphathelele umngcipheko we-STDs. Oku kukubhekiselele ekubeni ezi zifo ziqhelekileyo kwaye zingabangela iingxaki zexesha elide ukususela ekungabikho kwempilo ekukhuseleni ukukhulelwa. Ukuba unenkxalabo yokuba uye wavezwa kwi-STD, xela ugqirha malunga nokuhlolwa kwe-STD , uhlale ukhumbule ukuba nangona unayo impawu, ezinye zezi zifo zingabangela iingxaki zexesha elide.
> Imithombo:
> Amacandelo okuLawula nokuLawula izifo. Ii-STD kunye ne-HIV - i-CDC Fact Sheet. Updated 11/17/15. https://www.cdc.gov/std/hiv/stdfact-std-hiv-detailed.htm
> Cunningham, F. Gary, noJohn Whitridge Williams. Williams Obstetrics. ENew York: iMicrora-Hill Hill Medical, 2014. Print.
> Unemo, M., Bradshaw, C., Hocking, J. et al. Izifo ezithathelwana ngesondo: Iimingeni eziPhambili. Izifo ezithathelwanayo zeLancet . 2017. 17 (8): e235-e279.