I-Immunotherapy iyigama lonyango ugqirha wakho usebenzisa oko ungabhekisela kuye ngokuthi "ukutshatyalaliswa kwamatye." Xa isistim somzimba sakho sokugonywa sisigxina kwiimpawu, ezifana ne- pollen , i- pet dander , kunye nezidumba , ungazuza kwi-immunotherapy.
Xa uvelele kwenye yezi zinto, umzimba wakho uvelisa into ebizwa ngokuba yi- immunoglobulin E, okanye i-IgE . I-IgE ibangela ezinye iiseli ukuba zikhulule ezinye izinto ezikhokelela kwimpawu ze-asthma njengenxalenye ye- pathophysiology ye-asthma .
Ngokwenza umzimba wakho ungaboni kakuhle kwi-asthma yakho ye-asthma , unokukwazi ukunciphisa ezinye zeempawu zakho ezingapheliyo, njenge:
I-Immunotherapy ikuchazela imali encinci ye-allergen yakho yokudlulela kwixesha elide (mhlawumbi njengepilisi yomlomo okanye ijojo) kwinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi- desensitization . Ukongeza kwonyango lwe-asthma, i-immunotherapy ingasetyenziselwa ukunyanga i- allergies , i- atopic dermatitis , ne- hay fever .
Indlela i-Immunotherapy Works
Ngandlela-thile, i-immunotherapy ifana nesitofu sokugonya-ufumana injoza ekunika ukhuselo kwi-asthma. Nge-immunotherapy, ugqirha wakho uyalimaza ixabiso elincinci le-allergen ngaphantsi okanye phantsi kwesikhumba sakho. Oku kufuthi kwenziwa ngaphandle kanye okanye kabini ngeveki, kwaye inani le-allergen landa kancane.
Kancinci, umzimba wakho uba mncinci kwi-allergen, enokubangela ukunciphisa okanye isisombululo esipheleleyo kwiimpawu ze-asthma eziqhelekileyo xa uvela kwi-allergen ethile.
Ngamafutshane, ukukhwabanisa kwamanzi kukunceda ukuba ube nokunyamezela iziganeko ezibangele iimpawu zakho ze-asthma. Futhi i-immunotherapy inokuyeka okanye iyanciphise ngokuphawulekayo iimpendulo ezichaphazelekayo ozifumanayo kwizinto ezithile, ezifana ne-pollen, i-dander, kunye nezilwanyana ezinothuli.
Ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi (phantsi kweelwimi) i-tablet ye-immunotherapy, okanye i-SLIT, sele ikhona eYurophu naseKhanada iminyaka emininzi kwaye yafumaneka kwi-United States ngo-2014.
Unyango luboniswa kuphela ukuba uwazi ukubuyiswa komzimba okanye uvakalelo kwiinkalo zonyango.
Ngokomzekelo, unyango olulodwa olubizwa ngokuba yi-5 yengca yesiqulatho esineengqekembe iqulethe uTitshala, i-Orchard, i-Perennial Rye, i-Kentucky Blue Grass kunye ne-Sweet Vernal. Ezinye iilwimi zonyango zijoliswe kuTimoti utshani kunye ne-ragweed. Ezi unyango lwe-immunotherapy ziza kusebenza kuphela xa uhlaselwa okanye unyanzelekile kwiinkqubo zonyango.
Ngubani Ozuza Ngama-Immunotherapy?
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-immunotherapy isebenza ngcono kwizigulane ezine -asthma . Ukuba unzima ukulawula iimpawu, amayeza awasebenzelanga kakuhle, okanye ufuna amayeza amaninzi kwaye ungenakho ukulawula i-asthma enkulu, unokuqwalasela imithi ye-immunotherapy. Ukongezelela, ngamanye amaxesha i-immunotherapy isetyenziswa kwizigulane ezingafuni ukuthatha amayeza rhoqo.
Izigulane ezinobuso obucacileyo phakathi kokuphuma kwazo kwi-allergen kunye nophuhliso lweempawu ziya kuzuza inzuzo. I-Immunotherapy ingasetyenziselwa ukonyango lwe-rhinitis okanye ukukhusela i-infinite.
Ngaphambi kokuba uqalise kwi-immunotherapy njengonyango, kufuneka uqwalasele oku kulandelayo:
- Ubude bexesha lokungabikho komzimba -Kufutshane, i-immunotherapy ayifanelekanga. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-immunotherapy ithathelwa ingqalelo kwizigulane ezineempawu zengxenye ebalulekileyo yonyaka.
- Ezinye iindlela zokuphepha -Kukho na amanye amanyathelo (umz. Ukukhipha isilwanyana esivela kwigumbi lokulala) enokusebenza? I-Immunotherapy ifana nawaphi na amanye amachiza-kunokuba nemiphumo emibi. Qinisekisa ukuba wenze konke onokukwazi ukuchonga kwaye uphephe iziphumo zakho zokusasaza nge-asthma ngaphambi kokuya kwi-immunotherapy.
- Ixesha -Immunotherapy lixesha elizimeleyo lokuzibophezela kwaye kuza kukubandakanya ukuba uhambo oluya rhoqo ugqirha wakho.
- Iindleko -Immunotherapy iyabiza kwaye kuya kufuneka uhlolisise kunye ne-inshorensi yakho ukuqinisekisa ukuba uhlanganisiwe.
Indlela Esebenzayo Ngayo I-Immunotherapy?
Izifundo zibonise ukuphucula iimpawu zesifo se-asthma kunye ne-bronchial hyperressiveness kunye ne-immunotherapy xa kukho ukunyamezela kwintsimi, iikati, i-dust, i-ragweed.
Nangona kunjalo, izigulana ezimbalwa ze-asthma zinezifo ezidityanisiweyo kuphela, kwaye zifundo ezimbalwa ziye zavavanya ukuphumelela kwe-immunotherapy yezifo ezininzi. Uxube oluninzi lwe-allergen, nangona kunjalo, luyi-immunotherapy eqhelekileyo esetyenziswa ngabagqirha ekusebenzeni.
Akwacaca nokuba ukuxilongwa kwe-immunotherapy kungcono kunonyango kunye ne- steroids enganyangekiyo . Ingathabatha inyanga ukuya ezintandathu ukuya kwinyanga ngaphambi kokuba uqaphele naluphi uphuculo lweempawu zakho ze-asthma emva kokuqalisa i-immunotherapy.
Imiphumo emibi ye-Immunotherapy
Ngenxa yokuba i-immunotherapy ikwazisa kwiimpawu ezenza ukuba ube nempawu ze-asthma, kukho ithuba lokuba i-asthma yakho ingase ibe yingozi ngakumbi kwaye unokuhlaselwa sisifo se-asthma emva kwentsholongwane ye-immunotherapy. Ugqirha wakho uya kufuna ukuba uhlale eofisini ixesha elide emva kwegciwane lakho le-immunotherapy ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuphefumla kwakho kulungile.
Ukuba usunayo i-asthma enamandla, unako ukufumana isifo esinzima sokuthi u- anaphylaxis . Ukuba uvakalelwa yintlungu yokuvala umlomo wakho, umquba kwesikhumba, isicasuliso, okanye utywala, ezi zinto zingabonakalisa iimpawu ze-anaphylaxis. Uninzi lwezi zimpawu ezinzima zenzeka zingama-30 kwemizuzu yokufumana ijojo. Ukongezelela, unokufumana ukuphendula kwendawo kwindawo yesayiliti ekwazi ukulawulwa nge-ice kunye nemilenze yokuhlungu intlungu.
Ngonyango lwe-SLIT, uya kuba ngumntu olawulayo ekhaya ngexesha elide. Ngenxa yoko, ukuphendulwa kwemizimba enamandla kunokwenzeka kwaye ugqirha wakho uya kuxubusha unyango ekhaya kwaye mhlawumbi umisele i-epinephrine auto injector, ukuba le nxalenye ifumaneke. Iingxelo ezincinane zendawo zingase zenzeke kwaye zibandakanya ukutshaya okanye ukutshisa komlomo okanye umlomo apho iyeza lifakwa khona. Izimpawu zesisu, njengesifo sohudo, senzeka kanye. Iimpendulo zendawo zihlala zime emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa okanye ngeveki kwaye zivame ukuhla kwexesha.
Ndiza Kudala Kangakanani I-Immunotherapy?
I-Immunotherapy iya kuhlala idlulileyo iminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu. Nangona bobabini abantwana kunye nabantu abadala bazuza, olu unyango aluqhelekanga ezikolweni zasemakhaya. Esinye sezizathu kukuba ezinye zeziphumo zempembelelo zinokuba nzima kuba bantwana kweli qela leminyaka ukuba bafunde. Kwakhona, kufuneka ukuba ube nolwalamano olucacileyo phakathi kwe-trigger (oko kukuthi i-pollen, i-dander yezilwanyana, okanye izidumba) kunye nokuphendula.
Ixesha elifanelekileyo leyeza le-SLIT ayilunqunywanga, kodwa isifundo esincinane sezigulane esaphathwa nge-SLIT ngenxa yezidumba zothuli zijonge izigulane eziphathwe iminyaka emithathu, emine neminyaka emihlanu. Ukuncipha kweempawu zaqatshelwa ezisixhenxe, ezisibhozo, kunye nesithoba, ngokulandelanayo. Ubungqina obuthatywayo bubonakala bubonisa ukuba umphumo wonyango ufana nowabonwayo ngeenjini.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Academy ye-Allergic asthma & Immunology. Iingcebiso Zokukhumbula: I-Allergy Shots.
> Intliziyo yeSizwe, iLung, neSigqeba seGazi. Ingxelo yePhaneli yeNgcali 3 (EPR3): Izikhokelo zoLwazi kunye noLawulo lwe-Asthma.
> Marogna M, Spadolini I, Massolo A, Canonica GW, Passalacqua G. Imiphumo emide yokugqibela ye-Subunual Immunotherapy Ngokwexesha laso: Isifundo seMinyaka eli-15 esiPhambili. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010; 126 (5): 969.