Inkqubo efanayo ekunceda ukukhusela kwisifo-isistim somzimba sakho-sinokuba nesixanduva sokusasazeka kwesifuba sakho se-asthma. Uyakubona ukuba ngexesha elifanayo unayo impumlo yeempumlo, amehlo enamehlo, kunye nokudibanisa kwe-sinus , ukuphakama kwakho kwezantsi kukuncinci, uqhube ngakumbi, kwaye unamava okuphefumula.
Ngoko umzimba wakho wokuzivikela kunye ne-asthma zidibene njani?
Kwaye, unokwenza nantoni na ukugcina isistim somzimba sakho senza ukuba i-asthma yakho ibe nzima nakakhulu?
I-Asthma kunye ne-Allergy: Uxhumo
I-immune system isekukhusela ngokubhekisele kwiibhaktheriya zangaphandle kunye neentsholongwane. Kwi-asthma nezinye izifo ezikhuselekisayo, isistim somzimba singabangela imbonakalo yakho eyingozi.
Uninzi lwe-asthmatics lu- atopic , nto leyo ithetha ukuba ifa eliyifumene nelokuphuhliswa. Izifo zenzeke xa i-immune system yakho iqala ukuphendula ngokunyanisekileyo kwizinto ezithile zangaphandle okanye izilwanyana.
I-Cascade ye-Allergic
Ngenxa yokunyamezela, umzimba wakho wokuzivikela umzimba uvakalelwa ezi zinto, uzibona nje ngezinye izizwe, kwaye uqala ukulungiselela ukulwa nabo njengomntu ongaphandle. Inkqubo eyenzekayo idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-cascade ye-allergen, edlalwa ngokubanzi ngala ma nyathelo amathathu:
- Sensitization
- Ukusabela kwesigaba sokuqala
- Impendulo yesigaba esilandelayo
Ukwazisa: IsiGaba sokuQala
Ngethuba lokuqala utyhila kwi-allergen, oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-sensitization kwaye awuyi kuba nemiqondiso.
Unokuthi uvelele kwiimpawu ezivuthayo ezenza ukuba i-cascade ihlasele
- Ukufuthwa kwezidalwa, njenge-dander, impova, okanye izidumba, apho izinto zibophelwa kwiimbumba kwimiphunga yakho
- Ukungena kokutya okanye amayeza apho iziganeko zokuqala zokuzikhusela komzimba zenzeka kwisisu
- Ukuqhagamshelana nomzimba kwesikhumba sakho kunye nezinto, ezinjengobuthi obunobuthi
I-immunologically, umzimba wakho uyayiqonda i-allergen njengangaphandle kwaye imisa i-cascade yeziganeko ezikhuthaza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamaseli omzimba, kuquka:
- Iiseli ze-T ezivuselela ngokukhawuleza iiseli zeB
- Iiseli zeB eziguqulwa zibe yiseli ye-plasma
- Iiseli zePlasma ezivelisa izifo zamagciwane e-IgE ezikhethekileyo kwi-allergen
- Amanqindi e-Immunoglobulin E (IgE) abophelela kwiiseli ezincinci
Kule nkalo, i-allergen ibangele ukuba i-allergies ihlasele, kodwa awuyi kuvelisa nayiphina impawu okanye uqaphele nokuba kukho into eyenzekayo. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lokutshatyalaliswa kwe-allergen elandelayo, unokuvelisa iimpawu ze-asthma njengenxalenye yempendulo yesigaba sokuqala.
Ukuphendula kweSigaba sokuQala: iSigaba sesiBini
Ngokuzivelela kwakhona kwi-allergen, isistim somzimba sakho sokuzivikela sithintela i-allergen njengangaphandle, ekhokelela ekulandelayo:
- Iingcambu zesitrasi / i- IgE eziqulunqiweyo kwisigaba sokukhuphaza zibophelela ekucingeni ukuba i-invader yangaphandle, njenge-bacteria okanye intsholongwane
- Iisaliti zesitrasi zikhupha iiseli ezivuthayo ezibizwa ngokuba ngabalamli, njenge-histamine, ehamba ngokukhawuleza emzimbeni wakho ngenjongo yokulwa nabasempumalanga.
- Uqala ukufumana iimpawu zomzimba wakho ngokugqithiseleyo kwi-allergen
Abalamlamli basabela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba wakho obangela izibonakaliso zakho .
Unokuqala ukujikeleza, ukukhwehlela, okanye ukuva ukuphefumula njengoko impendulo ye-immunologic ibangela ukuvuvukala nokunciphisa imimoya empomfini yakho.
Unokufumana kuphela impumlo okanye imbiza yamanzi, amehlo anamehlo . Impendulo ye-immunologic iqala ngokukhawuleza ngeempawu ezivela ngokukhawuleza emva kokutshatyalaliswa kwakhona kunye neeyure ezintathu ukuya kwezine.
Impendulo yesigaba esilandelayo: IsiGaba sesithathu
Impendulo yesigaba sexesha elide iqala ngexesha elifanayo njengempendulo yesigaba sokuqala kodwa ayibangeli iimpawu zeeyure eziliqela. Abadibanisi bakhululwe ngokutsha kwe-allergen bavuselela ezinye iintlobo zamaseli omzimba okubizwa ngokuba yi-eosinophils.
I-Eosinophil iqulethe izinto ezikhutshelwe ngokuqhelekileyo ukulwa nezifo. Kodwa, nge-asthma, iiseli ziwonakalisa imiphunga, kubangele ukuvuvukala kunye neempawu ezibuhlungu.
Ekupheleni kwesigaba, iimpawu aziyi kuphuhlisa ubuncinane ubuncinane kwieyure ezine, kodwa zihlala zide ezingama-24 iiyure. Ukwanda kwesibindi kunye nokuvinjelwa kokungcoliswa komoya kunokuba kunzima kunokuba kuboniswe kwisigaba sokuqala.
Ukwelapha i-Cascade ye-Allergic
Indlela ebonakalayo yokunyanga i-cascade ye-allergade yayiza kubakho ukukhusela zonke izifo kwaye zikhusele ukuba zenzeke. Nangona le nto ingasebenza kwezinye izilwanyana, njengokutya okukhethiweyo kunye ne- pet dander , ezinye izifo, njengothuli kunye nokubunjwa, kunokuba kunzima kwaye amayeza amaninzi adingekayo.
Kufuneka uphuhlise uluhlu lwezinto ezibangelwa yi-asthma njengokuba ngokuqhelekileyo baya kuqalisa i-cascade. Ukongezelela, kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba uyazi ukuba kuthini ukulawulwa kwesifo se-asthma. Ukusebenzisa i-inhaler yakho yokuphindwa kabini kwimizuzu ngeveki okanye ukuvuswa kweempawu ze-asthma ngaphezu kwephindwe kabini ngeenyanga kuthetha ukuba i-asthma yakho ayilawulwa kakuhle. Xa ufumene i-asthma yakho ibangela ukuba uqinisekise ukuba ukhusela iimpazamo, njengokuvumela ukuba izilwanyana zibe kwigumbi lakho lokulala okanye ulale ngefestile evulekile.
Amachiza kunye nezinye iindlela zokwelapha
Iindlela ezikhoyo zonyango zesifo se-asthma kunye neengxaki zentlungu zijolise ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezithile ze-cascade yokugula. Izidakamizwa zokuqala zokulwa ne-antihistamine njenge-diphenhydramine (i-Benadryl) okanye i-antihistamine yesizukulwana sesibini njenge-loratadine (iClaritin) okanye i-cetirizine (iZyrtec) ukukhusela iimpawu zokungabikho komzimba ngokuthintela ukuphendula okuvuthayo kwabalamli abakhutshwe ngethuba lesigaba sokuqala se-cascade ye-allergen.
I-Antihistamines inokuthintela abalamlamli, njenge-histamine, ukusuka ekubopheleleni ukuya kwiimpumpi kwimpumlo kunye neenyawo ezibangele iimpawu zokugula , impumlo yempumlo, ukudibanisa kunye namanzi amanzi. Kubalulekile ukuba uxwebhu, okanye ubuncinane uqaphele xa uthatha i-antihistamine, ukuba kuphuculwe ulawulo lwe-asthma kunye neempawu. Enye ingcinga efanelekileyo kukuba uqaphele xa uthatha i-antihistamine uze ubone ukuba iyanceda njani ukukhusela i-inhaler yakho okanye okanye uzive ungcono.
Iibronchodilators , ezifana ne-albuterol, zijolise kwisigaba sokuqala se-asthma, ezibangela ukuphakama kweendlela zokuhamba kunye nokukhuseleka kokukhutshwa kwomoya, okwenza kube lula ukuphefumula. Izidakamizwa ezinemizila echasayo, njenge-steroids kunye ne-leukotriene, zingasetyenziselwa ukuba zinciphise ukuphendula kwesigaba sexesha elide okanye zisetyenziswe njengomlinganiselo wokuthintela ukuzama ukugcina impendulo yesigaba sexesha elidlulileyo.
Ekugqibeleni, ukutshatyalaliswa kwamanzi okanye i-immunotherapy ingasetyenziselwa ukutshatyalaliswa kwesigulane kwi-allergen. Ngamahlumela, umzimba wakho unciphisa impendulo yangezizwe zangaphandle-i-immune system ivelisa i-IgE engaphantsi kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ayikwenzi ngokuthe ngqo kwi-allergen ethile.
Kwakhona, la mayeza kufuneka athathwe imihla ngemihla ukuba asebenze kwaye ayayi kusebenza xa uzama ukuthatha isiseko esifanelekileyo. Enoba usebenzisa i-inhaler yakho okanye umlawuli we-inhaler, kufuneka uchithe ixesha uqinisekise ukuba ubuchule bakho bokusebenzisa i-inhaler buchanekile. Ukuba awunayo icandelo elichanekileyo, akuzona zonke iyeza eza kungena kwimiphunga yakho.
Imithombo:
> I-Asthma ne-Allergy Foundation yaseMelika (AAFA). Izilwanyana kunye ne-Asthma ye-Allergic. Septemba 2015.
> Delves, PJ. Uqwalaselo olusisiseko sokuphendula. I-Merck Manual: I-Consumer Version.
> Intliziyo yeSizwe, iLung, neSigqeba seGazi. Ingxelo yePhaneli yeNgcali 3 (EPR3): Izikhokelo zoLwazi kunye noLawulo lwe-Asthma. Agasti 28, 2007.