Ukulandelwa kweeNkqubo zoBomi ukwenzela ukuba Ziyeke
Isistim somzimba-okanye, ngokukodwa, impendulo engavumelekanga yendlela yokuzivikela-yintliziyo yeempawu zokuphefumula ezinxulumene nesifo se- asthma . Xa zibonakaliswe kwiziphumo ezithile, i-immune system iya kuphazamisa kwaye ikhuphe imichiza kwigazi elenza imiphunga isebenze ngokungavumelekanga.
Ukuhlaselwa kwe-asthma kubonakala ngeendlela ezintathu ezicacileyo:
- Ukuqiniswa kwemisipha kwimiqulu yomoya, eyaziwa ngokuba yi- bronchoconstriction , apho umoya ongaphantsi ungakwazi ukungena emiphakeni
- Umveliso ogqithiseleyo we-mucus ovala iindinyana zomoya
- Ukuvuvukala kweendinyana zomoya ngenxa yempendulo ye-immune engavamile
Ezi zenzo zomzimba zikhokelela ekuqhumeni , ukukhwehlela , ukuqina kwesifuba , nokuphefumula okuphefumlelweyo ngexesha lokuhlasela kwesifuba.
Izizathu zeBronchoconstriction
Ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo beendinyana zomoya zilawulwa yinkqubo ye- nervonic autonomic . Le yilebe yesebe yesistim ejongene neengcamango.
Ukuvuselelwa kweziphetho zesifo (ngothuli, umoya obandayo, okanye ezinye izifo ezibangelwa yi-asthma) kunokushukumisela ukukhululwa kweekhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yi-acetylcholine. Kubantu abanesifo se-asthma, i-acetylcholine inokusebenza kwiiseli ezithintekayo kwimisipha ephosakeleyo yemiphunga, eyenza ukuqhuma kwe- bronchial spasms kunye nokugqithiswa kwe-mucus.
Izizathu zokuvutha
Ukuvuvukala kubangelwa kwinkqubo eyahlukileyo.
Kubantu abaqhelekileyo basebenzise amajoni omzimba, ukubonakala kwayo nayiphi na i-particle yangaphandle iya kudibana ne-cell anti-presentation (APC). Le neseli eyenziwa ngumzimba ukuba "hlola" i-particle kwaye iqinisekise ukuba ikhuselekile okanye ayikho.
Kubantu abanesifo se-asthma, i-APC iyakubonakalisa ngephutha i-particle njengesongelo kwaye iguquke ngokukhawuleza ibe yiseli ekhuselayo ebizwa ngokuthi yi-TH2.
Indima ye-TH2 kukubonisa ukuba isistim somzimba sokuzivikela, esenzayo ngokuvuvukala.
Umphumo wokuvuvukala kwemiphunga ekungabikho kwezifo kunokuba lunzulu, obangela ukuba:
- Ukwandiswa kweeseli ze-mucosal kunye nokugqithiswa kwe-mucus
- Ukunyuka kweendonga zomoya kunye nokuthintela ukuhamba komoya
- I-hyperreactivity ye-tissue e-airway, iqhube ngakumbi
Ukuba ishiywe ingaphendulwanga, ukuhlaselwa okuqhubekayo kunokukhokelela ekuhlaziyweni kwamanqanawa apho ukutshatyalaliswa kwesikhumba semiphunga kushiya umonakalo osisigxina.
Ukuthintela ukuhlaselwa kwe-Asthma
Nangona unyango olungcono kakhulu lwe-asthma kukukhusela izifo ezibangelwa yi-asthma, oku akunakwenzeka njalo okanye kunengqiqo. Ngoko ke, amayeza aqhelekileyo ukuba alawulwe iimpawu okanye aphephe ukuhlaselwa.
Phakathi kwezi zikhoyo ezikhoyo:
- Ukunceda imithi kukubonelela ngokukhawuleza kwezinto ezixhamlayo kunye nokuphefumula ukuphefumula ngokuzikhupha izihlunu ezihamba kakuhle.
- I- steroid yomlomo kunye neyomlomo ivimbela iimpawu ngokunyusa ukuphendula komzimba kunye nokunciphisa ukuvuvukala.
- Ama-bronchodilators asetyenziswa ixesha elide asetyenziswa ngokudibanisa namanye amachiza ukubonelela nge-asthma.
- I-Anticholinergics yimithi ekhuphayo ngokukhusela i-acetylcholine receptors.
Ukuchonga zombini iishukumisi zokuhlaselwa kunye nemichiza enokukwazi ukuyimisa yindlela yokuqala yokufumana ukulawula okuqhubekayo iimpawu ze-asthma.
> Umthombo:
> Jiang, L .; Diaz, P .; Eyona ndawo, T. et al. "Ukubonakalisa i-molecular of redox kwindlela yokuphefumula." U-Annal Allergy Asthma Immunol . 2014; 113 (2): 137-42. INGXELO: 10.1016 / j.anai.2014.05.030.