I-Hyperglycemia, enye into eyaziwa njenge-sugar high ephezulu, ingafunyanwa ngophando lwegazi olufana neshukela legazi lokuzila ukudla , uvavanyo lwe-hemoglobin A1C, okanye uvavanyo lwe-fructosamine. Ukongezelela, i-hyperglycemia ingasetyenziselwa ukusebenzisa i-glucose monitor okanye ngokusela isiselo kunye nokubeka iliso impendulo ye-glucose yomzimba, uvavanyo olubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lwe-glucose ukunyamezela.
Ukuqinisekisa ugqirha wesifo sikashukela, ugqirha kufuneka enze iimvavanyo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Udokotela wakho uya kuchaza iziphumo kunye noko bathethayo.
I-Self-Checks / Ukuvavanywa Kwekhaya
Ukuba unesifo sikashukela, ukubeka iliso rhoqo kwegazi kungakunceda ukulawula iishukela zegazi kunye nokukhusela / ukufumana i-hyperglycemia. Ukuvavanya ushukela wegazi lakho kusasa ngaphambi kokuba udle, iiyure ezimbini emva kokutya, kwaye ngaphambi kokuba ulala ubancede kunokukunceda ukuba uqonde oko kubangela ukuba ushukela wegazi lakho likhuphuke kwaye likhulu kangakanani.
Iqela lakho lezonyango liza kunika iithagethi zentshukela yegazi ngokwahlukileyo ngokubhekiselele kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana nobudala, ubude bokuxilongwa, izinga lomsebenzi, ubunzima, kunye nembali yakho yonke yempilo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-hyperglycemia ichazwa ngokuthi:
- Ukuzila: Igazi le-glucose ukufunda ngaphezu kwe -126 mg / dL kulabo bantu abanesifo sikashukela nangaphezulu kwama-130 mg / dL kulabo abanesifo sikashukela
- Iiyure ezimbini emva kokutya: ngaphezu> 180 mg / dL
- Uvavanyo lokushukela egazini legazi: ngaphezulu> 200 mg / dL
Ukuba uneshukela legazi elingenangqungquthela elingaphezu kwesigqirha, akukho sizathu sokwesaba, ngakumbi ukuba uyazi isizathu. Mhlawumbi udla i-carbohydrate encinane kakhulu ngexesha lokutya okanye ungaphantsi kweemfuno zakho ze-insulin. Kunengqiqo ukubiza umnonophelo wakho wezempilo xa ubona iphethini yeeshukela eziphezulu zegazi.
Umzekelo, ukuba ushukela wegazi lakho liphezulu kune-130 mg / dL emva kweeyure ezisibhozo kwiintsuku ezininzi ngokulandelelana, unokufuna ukulungiswa isicwangciso sakho sokutya, amayeza okanye umsebenzi, kunye neqela lakho lezonyango lingakunceda ukuba wenze njalo.
Qaphela ukuba ukuhlolwa kweeshukela zegazi kunokuvelisa iziphumo ezingalunganga ukuba awunayo ihlambulukile, ihlanjwe izandla okanye ukuba iimvavanyo zakho ziphelelwe lixesha okanye ziye zadlulelwa kwiqondo lokushisa kakhulu . Ngokomzekelo, ukuba uvavanya ishukela lakho legazi emva kokutya isiqhamo sesityalo kwaye ube nesityalo kwishukela ezandleni zakho, ishukela lakho legazi liphezulu. Ngaphambi kokuba ukwesaba, qiniseka ukuba uye wasebenzisa isicatshulwa sokuhlola i-sugar. Ukuba unomothuko ngenani, vavanya kwakhona ukuze uqinisekise.
Ukuba awunaso isifo sikashukela kodwa unomngcipheko onjenge-diabetes ngaphambili, ukukhuluphala, okanye intsapho yesifo sikashukela kwaye ufumana iimpawu ezinjengokoma ukwanda, ukwandisa indlala kunye nokunyuka kwamanzi, cwangcisa i-aphoyintimenti ukuze uhlolwe ukuze ukwazi ukugqiba ukuba ingaba ushukela wegazi lakho liphakanyisiwe.
IiLabs kunye novavanyo
Ukuzila ukutya kweGlucose yegazi
Uvavanyo lwe-plasma ye-glucose (FPG), eyaziwa nangokuthi uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-glucose yokuzila ukudla (FBG) okanye ukuzila ukutya kweeshukela egazini, lilinganisa iqondo lezeshukela zegazi kwaye lisetyenziselwa ukuxilonga isifo sikashukela kunye nokunyamezeleka kwe-glucose.
Inokubanceda abo bantu abanesifo sikashukela ukuba bafumane i-hyperglycemia.
Umbutho we-American Diabetes Association uncoma lo vavanyo njengolu vavanyo lokuhlola i-diabetes kulabo bantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-45. Ukuba iziphumo ziqhelekile, ziphindwa rhoqo emva kweminyaka emithathu. Uvavanyo lwe-FBG lukwacetyiswa ukuba unayo impawu yesifo sikashukela okanye izinto ezinobungozi zesifo sikashukela.
Uvavanyo luqukethe isampula segazi esilula, esingenasvasive. Kwaye abo bantu abanesifo sikashukela bajonga iishukela zabo ngegazi rhoqo, unokuvavanya isantya sakho segazi elisetyenzisiweyo usebenzisa i-glucometer. Ngaphambi kokuvavanya, kufuneka ukhawuleze-ugweme ukutya okanye ukusela okungenani iiyure ezisibhozo.
Ngenxa yokukhawuleza, uvavanyo luvame ukwenza ekuseni.
Kwabo bantu abanesifo sikashukela, i-hyperglycemia iboniswa xa:
- Ukufundwa kwe-100 mg / dL ukuya kuma-126 mg / dL kukhombisa ukunyamezela kwe-glucose ukunyamezela okanye isifo sesifo sikashukela, esibonisa ingozi eyongezelelekileyo yokuvelisa isifo sikashukela esipheleleyo.
- Ukufunda ngaphezu kwe-126 mg / dL ngumyinge apho isifo sikashukela sifumaneka khona. Ngokuqhelekileyo oku kufuneka kuqinisekiswe kabini okanye kuhlolwe i-check with another test diagnostic.
Kwabo bantu abanesifo sikashukela, i-hyperglycemia iboniswa xa:
- Ukufunda okungaphezu kwe-130 mg / dL eyenzeka iintsuku ezimbalwa ezilandelelanayo kunokubonisa umzekelo weshukela legazi eliphakamileyo.
Uvavanyo lweHemoglobin A1C
Uvavanyo lwe-A1C (olwaziwa nangokuthi i-HbA1C, i-hemoglobin A1c, i-hemoglobin ene-glycated or helyogylbin hemoglobin) ngumlinganiselo oqhelekileyo wokunyamekela isifo sikashukela kwaye unokunceda ukucacisa i-hyperglycemia kubantu abanesifo sikashukela kunye nokufumanisa i-diabetes. Amanqanaba a-A1C abonisa izinga legazi legazi eliphakathi kweenyanga ezimbini ukuya kwiinyanga ezidlulileyo.
Ungakwazi ukufumana ukufundwa kwe-A1C ngokusebenzisa ukuloba kwegazi rhoqo. Ukongezelela, iiofisi ezininzi zoogqirha zinee-A1C zoomatshini bokuvavanya ezenza bakwazi ukufumana iziphumo ngokusebenzisa i-drops encinci yegazi efunyenwe ngokubamba ngomunwe wakho nge-lancet. Akukho ukuzila okufunekayo ngexesha lovavanyo.
Ngomntu onesifo sikashukela, iqela le-A1C eliqhelekileyo lingama-5 ekhulwini. Umda we-A1C ogqithisileyo obonisa ukuba i-hyperglycemia okanye i-prediabetes iwela phakathi kwe-5.7-6.4 yeepesenti.
Kwabo bantu abanesifo sikashukela, i-ADA ikhuthaza iinjongo ze-A1C ezingaphantsi okanye ezilingana nama-7 ekhulwini kunye ne-American Association ye-Clinical Endocrinologists incomelela izinga le-6.5 ekhulwini okanye ngaphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, i-ADA igxininisa ukuba iinjongo ze-A1C zimele zibe ngabanye.
Kubalulekile ukuba abo bantu abanesifo sikashukela baqonde ukuba yiyiphi iinjongo ze-A1C kwaye yiyiphi ixabiso elibonisa i-hyperglycemia. Ininzi yexesha, xa ukulawula ishukela kwegazi kuhle, uvavanyo lwe-A1C lwenziwa kabini ngonyaka. Nangona kunjalo, kulabo bantu abane-hyperglycemia, inqanaba lingaqwalaselwa rhoqo, ngokukodwa ukuba utshintsho lweziyobisi lwenziwe.
Uvavanyo lweFructosamine
Uvavanyo lwe- fructosamine olunye uvavanyo lwegazi, olufana novavanyo lwe -hemoglobin A1C, olwenza amanyathelo egazi ngeglucose kwiiyure ezimbini ukuya kweeveki. Iyiphakamisela iprotheni e-glycated egazini kwaye isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ushukela wegazi kulabo bantu abane-anemia yesallow cell okanye ezinye i-hemoglobin variants. Ngokungafani novavanyo lwe-A1C, uvavanyo lwe-fructosamine alusebenziswanga njengolu vavanyo lwabantu abangenayo isifo sikashukela okanye abane-diabetes elawulwa kakuhle.
Uvavanyo lwe-fructosamine lungasetyenziselwa ukongeza kwi-blood glucose yokungena xa utshintsho lwangoku kumayeza akho okanye i-insulin kwaye lunokunceda ukubeka uphumelelo lwonyango olutsha emva kweeveki ezimbalwa kunokulinda iinyanga ukwenza uvavanyo lwe-A1C .
Ekugqibeleni, uvavanyo lwe-fructosamine lusetyenziswa kwisifo sikashukela sokugonywa ngenxa yokuba utshintsho lunokwenzeka ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ixesha elincinci lokuvavanywa livumela ugqirha ukuba alandele amanqanaba egazi ngegazi. Inokukunceda ukulawula i-hyperglycemia ngokusondeleyo kwaye rhoqo kunokuhlolwa kwe-A1C.
I-Hyperglycemia iboniswe xa:
- Kubantu abangenayo i-diabetes, i-fructosamine ibanga: 175 ukuya ku-280 mmol / L
- Kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, i-fructosamine ibanga: 210 ukuya ku-421 mmol / L
- Kubantu abanesifo sikashukela esingalawulwayo, udidi lwe-fructosamine lu: 268 ukuya ku-870 mmol / L
Uvavanyo lwe-Glucose Ukunyamezela Ukunyamezela
Uvavanyo lwe- glucose tolerance tolerance (OGTT) , olubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lokunyamezela kwe-glucose, lusetyenziswa amandla omzimba wokugcoba i-glucose okanye ukuyikhupha ngaphandle kwegazi. Uvavanyo luya kusetyenziswa ukuxilonga isifo sikashukela, isifo sikashukela (isifo sikashukela ngexesha lokukhulelwa), okanye i- prediabetes (imeko ebonakaliswe ngamanqanaba eshukela ephezulu aphezulu-aqhelekileyo anokukhokelela kwisifo sikashukela se-2). Uvavanyo lwe-OGTT alubonakalwanga ngokuxilongwa kwe-hyperglycemia kulabo bantu sele banesifo sikashukela.
Bonke abafazi abakhulelweyo kufuneka bafumane umngeni we-glucose phakathi kweentsuku ezingama-24 ukuya kwe-28. Ingaba i-75 gram, ii-2 iiyure ze-OGTT okanye iinyathelo ezimbini, i-50 gram ye-OGTT, ilandelwa yi-100-gram ye-OGTT (ilindele umphumo wokuqala wokuvavanya). I-OGTT isetyenziselwa iiveki ezine ukuya kwe-12 emva kokuphuma kwindoda yabasetyhini abanembali yesifo sikashukela, ukwenzela ukuba baqinisekise isifo sikashukela esiqhubekayo. Ukongezelela, ugqirha unokuncoma i-OGTT ukuba uyakrokrela isifo sikashukela kwiimeko apho isigulane segazi lokuzila ukudla sejwayelekile.
Ukuthelekiswa novavanyo lwe-FBG, uvavanyo lwe-OGTT luchitha ixesha elide. Ngokwe-American Diabetes Association (ADA), uvavanyo lwe-OGTT luvavanyo olukhethiweyo olusetyenziswa ekuhloleni uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela ebantwaneni nabantwana.
Uvavanyo luqala emva kweeyure ezisibhozo ukuya kwe-12 ngokukhawuleza. Emva koko, igazi litsalwa ukuseka izinga lokutya kwe-glucose. Ukulandela ukudweba kwegazi, uya kucelwa ukuba uphuze isiphuzo (isisityebi-i-glucose-rich) esiphunga esine-75 gram ye-carbohydrate. Igazi liya kutsalwa ngeendlela ezihlukeneyo ukulinganisa amazinga e-glucose, ngokuqhelekileyo iyure kunye neeyure ezimbini emva kokusela isiselo.
Uvavanyo lubonisa indlela umzimba wakho udibanisa ngayo iswekile kwaye ukuba uyayicima egazini ngokufanelekileyo. Inqanaba eliqhelekileyo lokucoca i-glucose lixhomekeke kwisixa se-glucose esayinayo. Emva kokuzila ukutya, isilinganiselo segazi esisisigxina se-60 ukuya ku-100 mg / dL (i-milligram nge-deciliter).
I-75 grams ye-glucose, ixabiso eliqhelekileyo le-glucose yegazi (kulabo abangakhulelweyo):
- Emva kweyure eli-1: ngaphantsi kwama-200 mg / dL
- Emva kweeyure ezi-2: ngaphantsi kwama-140 mg / dL. Phakathi kwama-140 ukuya ku-199 mg / dL kubonisa ukunyamezela kwe-glucose ukunyamezela (prediabetes). Ukuba iziphumo zokuvavanya ziloluhlu, isiguli sisengozini yokwanda kwesifo sikashukela. Umkhulu kunama-200 mg / dL ubonisa isifo sikashukela.
I-75 grams ye-glucose, ixabiso eliqhelekileyo le-glucose yegazi (kulabo abakhulelweyo):
- Ukuzila: ngaphantsi kwe-92 mg / dL
- Emva kweyure eli-1: ngaphantsi kwe-180 mg / dL
- Emva kweeyure ezimbini: 153 mg / dL
Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela sesifo sikashukela senziwa xa kukho nawaphi na alandelayo amaxabiso e-plasma glucose adibeneyo okanye adlulisiwe.
Ukuxilongwa ngokungafani
Kwimeko apho enye yeemvavanyo uqinisekise ubungqina be-hyperglycemia, kuya kufuneka ufune omnye uvavanyo ukuba uqinisekise ukuba unayo isifo sikashukela okanye isifo sikashukela, ukunyamezela kwe-insulin, okanye ukungahambisani ne-glucose.
Iindaba ezilungileyo kukuba ukufumanisa i-hyperglycemia ekuqaleni kunokunyusa amathuba okukhusela isifo sikashukela. Uninzi lwexesha, unyango luyinguqu yendlela yokuphila njengento yokutya ye-carbohydrates, ukwandiswa kokuzivocavoca, kunye nokulahleka kwesisindo. Ukuba iishukela zegazi ziphezulu kakhulu ekuxilongweni, unokufuna ukuqala imithi yomlomo okanye i- insulin . Ukuba unesifo sikashukela kunye nefuthe legazi lakho liphezulu, kuya kufuneka ukuba utshintshe kwisicwangciso sakho sonyango.
Ukuba ukhulelwe kwaye unqabile uvavanyo lokuqala lwe-glucose ukunyamezela, uya kufuneka uthathe enye. Ngamanye amaxesha abafazi abadluliyo kuqala kodwa badlula okwesibini.
Xa kwenzeka ukuba uhlolisise rhoqo kwaye ushukela wegazi lokuzila liphuma liphezulu, umphumo unokukhangela ukuba awuzange uzilawule. I-Candy, i-gum, nokuba isiraphu yokukhwehlela ingenza ukuba ushukela wegazi luphakanyiswe, ngoko qiniseka ukuba uxelela ababoneleli ngezempilo xa ungazizila ukudla.
Kwaye ukuba i-blood yeglucose yokubeka iliso ibonisa ukuba ishukela lakho legazi liphezulu kumaxesha athile omhla, qhagamshelana nomboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuze ubone ukuba ufuna ukulungiswa kwesicwangciso sonyango.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Diabetes Association. ImiGangatho yoLondolozo lwezoNyango kwiSwekile-2017. 2017 Jan; 40 Isondlo 1: S1-S132.
> Ayyappan S, Philips S, Kumar CK, Vaithiyanandane V, Sasikala C. Serum fructosamine isalathisi esingcono kune-hemoglobin ye-glycate yokubeka esweni isifo sikashukela sesifo sikashukela. Umbhalo we-Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences . 2015; 7 (iSiza 1): S32-S34. i-doi: 10.4103 / 0975-7406.155786.