I-American Optometric Association (AOA) ikhuthaza abazali ukuba bafake uhambo oluya kwi-optometrist kwoluhlu lweentshukumo zokutshintshela umntwana. Iimviwo kwiinyanga ezili-6 ukuya kwe-12 zinokumisela ukuphuculwa kwempilo kombono. Ukufunyanwa kwangaphambili kweemeko zamehlo yindlela efanelekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakho unempilo enempilo yokuphuhliswa ngempumelelo, ngoku nakwixesha elizayo.
Oogqirha bezilwanyana benza ukuhlolwa kwamehlo kwiintsana ukuza kuhlola izifo okanye iingxaki zesakhiwo ngamehlo: iinkophe ezinokukhubazeka, i-cataracts, i- glaucoma , okanye ezinye izinto ezingaqhelekanga. Nangona amehlo omntwana ahlolwe ekuzalweni, yinto efanelekileyo ukucwangcisa uvavanyo lwamehlo kwintsana yakho.
Ngabe Umntwana Wami Kufanele Ahlolwe Ngayo Iso?
Ngelixa i-AOA ikhuthaza ukuba abantwana bahlolwe kwiinyanga ezi-6 ubudala , ootitshala bezingane baya kukunceda ukuba ufumane ixesha elifanelekileyo lokutyelela kokuqala komntwana wakho. Ingcebiso efanelekileyo yokufumana iliso lokuhlola elongezelelweyo kwiminyaka emithathu ubudala kwaye kwakhona ngokuphindaphindiweyo ezintlanu okanye ezintandathu , okuqhelekileyo malunga nexesha eliqhelekileyo isikolo esikolweni siqala.
Kutheni Iintsana Zethu Zifuna Ukuhlolwa Kwamehlo?
Kwaye nabazali abanengqiqo banzima ukugweba indlela ebonakala ngayo imboniselo yomntwana. Ukuba nokuhlolwa kwamehlo kubandakanyeka kunokuba ufunde iileta zetshathi yamehlo, kunye neentsana azixubushelanga kakhulu ngaphandle kokuba zilambile kwaye zanxile.
I- optometrist eqeqeshiwe okanye i-ophthalmologist ingahlola umboniso womntwana wakho ngezinye izikhathi ngaphandle kokuba umntwana wakho athethe igama. Iintsana kunye nabantwana abancinci bafuna iimvavanyo zamehlo kuba abo abaneengxaki ezinkulu ezinokungabikho zingabhekiswa ngaphambi kokuba bajike into engenako ukulungiswa. Inkqubo ye-neural child is complex, kwaye iqhubeka isakhula de ibe yiminyaka eyi-7-8 ubudala.
Iingxaki ezinokuqwalaselwa ngaphambi kokuba uneminyaka engama-7 okanye-8 ingasindisa ubomi bombono, iingxaki zentlalo okanye yengqesho.
Yintoni Eyenzeka Ngethuba Lokuhlola Iso leMntwana?
Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo olutsha kufana nolwenziwe kubantu abadala. Nangona kunjalo, kulula lula. Kukho iinjongo ezintathu ugqirha azakuzama ukuphumeza ngethuba lokuhlolwa kwezilwanyana:
- Ukulawula izixa eziphambili zokujonga izinto, ukujonga okufutshane, okanye i-astigmatism
- Umthetho isohloko lwemehlo kunye neengxaki ezinobunzima ezifana ne- strabismus
- Ukulawula izifo zamehlo kubandakanywa nobukho bentsholongwane, ukuphazamiseka kwe-retinal, kunye nezicubu
Ugqirha uya kuhlola imbali yengonyango yomntwana, imbono, imizimba yeziliso kunye nezakhiwo zamehlo. Ugqirha uya kujonga indlela umntwana ejolise ngayo, nokuba ingaba nawo awona amehlo asebenza kunye njengeqela. Kuqhelekile ukuba iintsana zifumane i-binocularity yexesha elizeleyo (zombini amehlo asebenza kunye) kude kube neenyanga ezi-4-6. Ngezinye izihlandlo, unokubona iliso elinye liphuma okanye zombini amehlo awela. Kumele kube mfutshane kwaye kungekho rhoqo. Ugqirha wakho uya kuhlolisisa oku ngenyameko ukuqinisekisa ukuba zombini amehlo angena kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo.
Nangona usana alukwazi ukubonelela nayiphi na igalelo "lokuzimela" kule minyaka, ugqirha unokukwenza iimvavanyo eziliqela eziza kunika ulwazi malunga nomntwana.
- Ugqirha uhlola umbono womntwana. Ngaba umntwana usabela xa ukhanyisa amehlo? Ingaba umntwana uya kujonga ubuso okanye alandele umdlalo ohambayo? Enye, iimvavanyo zembono eziyimpumelelo zingasetyenziswa xa zifunwa.
- Ugqirha unciphisa okwethutyana abafundi ngokuxuba amanxantyambo. Ugqirha lwamehlo liya kusebenzisa isixhobo sokuvavanya amehlo omntwana ngenxa yephutha lokuguquka, njengokujonga kwangaphambili, ukujonga amehlo okanye i-astigmatism ngaphandle kokuba usana okanye umntwana uthe igama. Uninzi lwabantwana lusuke lujonge kakhulu ekuzalweni. Oku kudla ngo-3-5 ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, umntwana usenokugqoka iilazi xa kufuneka. Iijlasi ezikhethekileyo zenzelwe ukulungele ubuso obuncinane.
- Ugqirha usebenzisa isixhobo esikhanyayo ngeglasi yokukhulisa (i-ophthalmoscope) ukujonga ngaphakathi kwamehlo omntwana. Ngokusebenzisa i-ophthalmoscope, ugqirha uya kuba nako ukuvavanya impilo yonke yamehlo omntwana aze afune nayiphi na impawu ebangelwa ingxaki.
ILizwi
Ingabonakala ibancinci kwaye iphelele ngandlela-thile kodwa umntwana wakho omtsha kufuneka ukuba amehlo akhe ahlolwe rhoqo xa ehlolwa ngonyaka wakhe wokuqala wobomi. Ingane yakho yonyana kufuneka ihlolisise ukuqinisekisa ukuba amehlo akhe alungile kwaye anokukwazi ukugxila ngokufanelekileyo. Ukubambisa iingxaki zamehlo nezembono kusenokwenzeka kuya kunceda ukuqinisekisa ixesha lokuphila lokubona okulungileyo kakhulu.
Umthombo: Lawrence M. Kaufman, MD, PhD. Amehlo Oonyana Bakho. IYunivesithi yase-Illinois Eye I-Eye, i-Ophthalmology kunye neSiboniso Sciences. 07 Novemba 2005, 09 Juni 2007.