Oko Kukwenza Nendlela Eyisebenzisa ngayo
I-insulin i-hormone enesandla kwiinkqubo eziliqela emzimbeni wakho. Akuncedi kuphela ukuxilisa i- carbohydrates nokugcina i-glucose yamandla kwiiseli, kuya kunceda ukusebenzisa amanqatha, iiprotheyini kunye nezinye izaminerali ozidlayo. Ngenxa yokuba le hormone ibaluleke kakhulu ekuncedeni umzimba wakho ukuba usebenzise ukutya okuyingozi, ingxaki nge-insulin ingaba nemiphumo ebanzi kuzo zonke izixhobo zomzimba wakho, izicubu kunye nezitho-nokuba ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo.
Ukuba unesifo sikashukela se-2, ukufunda indlela i-insulin esebenza ngayo kunokukunceda ukuba uqonde ukuba kutheni uninzi lweemeko zonyango ezihambelana nesifo sikashukela, kutheni ukuziphatha okuthile kusebenza, kwaye indlela umzimba wakho uphatha ngayo ukutya.
Apho i-insulin iveliswa khona
I-insulin iyi-hormone eyenziwe yiprotheni encinci ye-polypeptide efihliwe yi-pancreas, eyenziwa njenge-endocrine kunye ne-exocrine gland. Iingcongue ze-endocrine yinkqubo yeengqungquthela ezenza i-hormone ikwazi ukulawula imisebenzi yomzimba, kanti iimbumba ze-exocrine zinceda ekutyeni.
I-pancreas ihlezi emva kwesisu, esiyi-curve ye-duodenum (inxalenye yokuqala ye-intestine encinci), kwaye iqukethe amaqoqo eeseli ezibizwa ngokuba ziziqwenga zeLangerhans. Iislet zenziwe ngamaseli e-beta, avelisa kwaye akhululwe i-insulin kwigazi.
Indlela I-insulin isebenza ngayo
I-insulin ithinta i-carbohydrate, iprotheni kunye ne-fatabetism. Umzimba wakho uyawaphula ezo zondlo kwiimelemleksi zeshukela, ama-molecule amino acid kunye nama-molecule e-lipid.
Umzimba unako ukugcina nokuphinde uhlanganise ezo iamolekyu zibe ziifom ezininzi. I-insulin ibangela ukugcinwa kwezi zondlo, ngelixa elinye i-hormone ye-pancreatic ebizwa ngokuthi i- glucagon iyakhupha kwi-storage.
I-insulin ibandakanyeka kwisenzo sokulinganisela ngokucophelela komzimba ukugcina izinga lakho leshukela legazi kwindawo eqhelekileyo.
Ngendlela elula:
- Ukuba iswekile legazi liphezulu : I-pancreas ikhupha i-insulin ukunceda iiseli zithatha i-glucose ukusuka egazini ukuya kumanqanaba egazini ephantsi.
- Ukuba igazini lakho legazi liphantsi : I-pancreas ikhipha i-glucagon ukunceda isibindi sokukhululwa kwe-glucose igcinwe kwigazi ukuze kuphakanyiswe amanqanaba eshukela egazi.
Igazi lezinga leshukela liphakama xa ukutya okuninzi kudliwa, kodwa kuphakama ngokukhawuleza nangokukhawuleza kunye ne-carbohydrate . Inkqubo yokutya ikhupha i-glucose ekudleni kwaye i-molecule ye-glucose ifakwe kwigazi. Amazinga e-glucose aphakanyayo abonisa ukuba i-pancreas yokuthumela i-insulin ukucima i-glucose kwigazi. I-insulin ibopha i-insulin receptors kwiindawo zeseli kwaye yenza njengento ephambili yokuvula iiseli ukuba zithole i-glucose. I-insulin receptors malunga phantse onke ama-tissu, kuquka iiseli zamascle kunye neeseli ezinamafutha.
I-insulin receptors inezixhobo ezibini ezibalulekileyo-iingxenye zangaphandle neendawo zangaphakathi. Ingxenye yangaphandle iphuma ngaphandle kweseli kwaye ibopha nge-insulin. Xa oku kwenzeka, inxalenye yangaphakathi ye-receptor ithumela uphawu phakathi kweseli ukwenzela ukuba i-glucose transporters ihlangane kunye nokufumana i- glucose . Njengoko ushukela wegazi kunye namanqanaba e-insulin wehla, ama-receptors ayinanto kunye nabathumeli be-glucose babuyela kwiseli.
I-Insulin kunye nohlobo lwe-2 lweswekile
Kwiimeko ezigqibeleleyo, i-glucose ephuma kwi-carbohydrates iyacinywa ngokukhawuleza. Nangona kunjalo, xa kukho ukunganyangeki kwe-insulin (iiseli zixhatshazwe kwi-insulin), oku akukwenzeka kwaye kugcinwe amazinga e-glucose aphezulu abe yingxaki. Ukukhushulwa kwe-insulin kunokubangelwa yingxaki ngesimo se-insulin (ukukhusela i-receptor ebophayo), ukungenayo i-receptor eyaneleyo yokufumana, iingxaki zokungena okanye i-glucose transporters engasebenzi kakuhle. Ukongezelela, ukunganyangeki kwe-insulin kunokwenzeka xa umntu enesisindo esingaphezulu okanye amanqatha. I-Fat ivimbela i-insulin ekwenzeni umsebenzi wayo, phantse ukudala into ethile yokuthintela ukuba isebenze.
Naliphi na isizathu esithile, umsebenzi we-insulin uyingozi.
Ukuxhathisa kwe-insulin kuvela ngaphambi kokuba uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela lufumaneke . Ukwenza i-insulin engaphantsi, i-pancreas isebenza ixesha elide ukunyusa i-insulin. Ekugqibeleni, ezinye ze-insulin zisebenza kunye namanqanaba eshukela egazi ahlala eqhelekileyo kwithuba elithile. Njengoko ukukhushulwa kwe-insulin kunzima kwaye i-pancreas ayikwazi ukuqhubeka kunye nemfuno, amazinga e-glucose aqala ukunyuka kwaye isifo sikashukela sifumaneka xa amazinga aphezulu kakhulu. Ngokude le meko iqhubeka, kunzima ukuba i-pancreas isebenze kwaye ngokukhawuleza loo maseli e-insulin ahlambulukileyo okanye akhuphe aze afe.
Indlela Echaphazela ngayo iMatabolism Yamafutha
I-carbohydrate kunye ne-fat metabolism zixhomekeke ngokusondeleyo kwaye zombini zichaphazelwa yi-insulin. Ukuba i-insulin ayisebenzi kakuhle, iingxaki ziyakwenzeka. Umzekelo, amanqanaba aphezulu e-insulin angathumela iimpawu ezingalunganga kwingqondo. Le miqondiso ichaza ingqondo ukuba kukho i-insulin engaphezulu kwaye iiseli zakho zilambile kwi-glucose. Ngoko ekuphenduleni, ubuchopho bakho bubangela izifiso ze-carbohydrates, umqondiso wakho umzimba ukugcina amanqatha, kwaye ulaya i-carbohydrates ukuba isatshiswe ngamandla kunokuba i-fat fat. Esi sizathu sezizathu zokuba ukulahleka kwesisindo kunzima xa usuhlobo lwesibini lweswekile.
I-insulin idlala indima ephambili ekuphuhliseni amanqanaba aphezulu e-triglyceride:
- Kwisibindi : I-insulin ivuselela indalo kunye nokugcinwa kwe-glycogen kwi-glucose. Amanqanaba aphezulu e-insulin enza ukuba isibindi sizaliswe ne-glycogen. Xa oko kwenzeka, isibindi sichasa ukugcinwa okuqhubekayo. I-glucose isetyenziswe endaweni yokudala i-acids acids eguqulelwe ibe yi-lipoproteins kwaye ikhutshwe kwigazi. Ezi zidibanisa kwi-acids fatty acids kwaye zisetyenziswe kwezinye izicubu. Ezinye izicubu zisebenzisa ezi zinto ukudala i- triglycerides .
- Kwii-Fat Iiseli : I-insulini iyeka ukuphahla kwamanqatha kwaye ivimbela ukuwa kwe-triglycerides ibe ngama-acid acids. Xa i-glucose ingena kule seli, ingasetyenziselwa ukwakha i-compound ebizwa ngokuba yi-glycerol. I-Glycerol ingasetyenziselwa kunye ne-fat excess fatty acids kwisibindi ukwenza i-triglycerides. Oku kunokubangela ukuba i-triglycerides yakha kwiiseli ezinamafutha.
Indlela Echaphazela ngayo iProtheni kunye neMaminerali
I-insulin inceda ama-amino acid ukusuka kwiprotheni ukungena kwiiseli. Xa le nkqubo inqandekile, inokukwenza kube nzima ukwenza isistim esiswini.
I-insulin yenza ukuba iiseli ezininzi zamukele i-potassium, i-magnesium kunye ne-phosphate. Ezi zinto ziyaziwa nangokuthi i-electrolytes, enceda ukuqhuba umbane ngaphakathi komzimba. Zichaphazela umsebenzi we-muscle, i-blood pH kunye nomlinganiselo wamanzi emzimbeni wakho. Ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte kunokuba kubi kakhulu ngamanqanaba aphezulu ashukela njengokuba oku kungabangela ukuchuma ngokugqithiseleyo ngamanzi kunye nokulahlekelwa kwe-electrolyte.
Indlela Yokunceda I-Insulin Yisebenze Kulungile
Ezi zicwangciso zinokukunceda ukwandisa ukukhathazeka kwe-insulin kwaye unciphise ukunyanzelwa kwe-insulin:
- Ukuquka ukuguquka kwesifo sikashukela ebomini bakho.
- Ukuzivocavoca rhoqo .
- Fumana isicwangciso sokutya esisebenza kuwe.
I-Takeaway
Njengoko ubona, i-insulin idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni imetabolism. Ukuba unesifo sikashukela okanye ulazi umntu owenzayo, ukuqonda ukuba yintoni i-insulin eyenziwa ngayo kwaye isebenza njani kunokukunceda ukuba uphathe kakuhle i-diabetes yakho .
> Imithombo
> Hess-Fischl, uAmy. Isifo sikashukela: Yintoni i-insulin? Endocrineweb.
> Ipancreas Endocrine. Yunivesithi yaseBerkley, eCalifornia.
> I-Pathophysiology ye-Endocrine System, i-Physiologic Impact of Insulin. Colorado State University.