Ukuba ucinga ukuba kunzima ukwenza ingqondo yengqondo yomntwana wakho, ulungile. Kakade, i-autism yinkinga eyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa loo nto iyisiqingatha sengxaki. Esinye isiqingatha senziwe ngabaqeqeshi abaneentsingiselo ezintle abazigqoba ngokucokisekileyo iingxelo zabo malunga nomntwana wakho ngokwemiqathango enokuyenza (kunye nokwenza!) Ukudukisa abazali malunga neengxaki zemfundo kunye namakhono abo.
Kutheni igosa liza kudibanisa umzali? Kwiimeko ezininzi, abazami ukuzama ukudideka. Baqhekeza ngokukhawuleza ukuxilongwa kwabo, iinkcazo, kunye neengcebiso ngokwemiqathango abacinga ukuba iya kuba yintsimi okanye, mhlawumbi, ichanekileyo kwezopolitiko. Isiphumo, nangona kunjalo, kukuba abazali abaninzi banokubangela ukungaqondi kakuhle imeko yomntwana.
Nazi izibini ezi-9 ze-autism zidla ngokungaqondi kakuhle:
1. 'Ukulahla' Ngaba Kuphela
Mhlawumbi uvile igama elithi "ukubambezeleka" kaninzi xa uxoxa nge-autism yengane yakho. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ifakwe kwisitatimende esithi "umntwana wakho unokulibaziseka kokuphuhliswa."
Sonke siyazi ukuba "ukulibazisa" kukuphi. Sonke sasilibazisekile ebomini bethu. Ukuhlola, izitimela, ii-airplan, kunye nesidlo zivame ukulibaziseka. Kwaye ke ... bafika. Kwaye sicinga ukuba "kungcono emva kwexesha."
Kodwa igama elithi "ukulibazisa," xa lisetyenziselwa ukuchaza umntwana nge-autism, asithethi oko sicinga ukuba kuthetha. Abantwana abane-autism banokuphuhlisa izakhono njengoko bekhula-kodwa kwakhona, abanako.
Ngenxa yokuba i- autism yinkinga yokuphila , okubandakanya uluhlu lweengxaki kunye nemingeni engapheliyo , ukuba umntwana wakho akhulise izakhono kunye nobuchule, phantse njalo kuba uye wafunda ukusebenza kunye okanye ngeempawu ze-autistic-kungekhona ngenxa yokuba yena "nje wabanjwa."
Yintoni ephosakeleyo ngokukholelwa ukuba umntwana wakho "uya kubamba" kwaye abe, ngokubhekiselele kwi-autism, "engabonakaliyo kwiontanga zakhe?" Kwezinye iimeko, abazali bacinga ukuba umntwana wabo akayidingi nto ngaphandle kwexesha ukwenzela ukuba "aqheleke." Oku, akunjalo, akunjalo: unyango oluqala kunye olunzulu lubaluleke kakhulu kulutsha olune-autism.
Kwamanye amaxesha, abazali babona ukuba umntwana wabo unenkinga kodwa bakholelwa ukuba ngokuqinisekileyo baya kuphazamisa ukulibaziseka kwabo abaneminyaka eyi-21. Ngenxa yoko, abanokwenza okuncinci ukulungiselela iimfuno zabantu abadala abakhubazekileyo.
2. 'Abangabalulekanga' Abantwana Bakhubazekileyo, Akunjalo
Kuvuyiswa kakhulu ukuva ukuba umntwana wakho ongu-autistic "uyingqayizivele." Kuze uqonde ukuba yintoni ekuthethwa ngayo ngeli gama.
Amaphesenti angamashumi asibhozo anesithoba elo xesha, igama elithi "elikhethekileyo" lithetha "bhetele kunomyinge" okanye "ukwesaba." Kodwa xa isetyenziselwa ukuchaza abantwana abane-autism, ithetha into ehluke ngokupheleleyo. Ukungabalulekanga, kwimeko yabantwana abaneemfuno ezizodwa, kuthetha into ekufuphi "ngokungafani nabanye abantwana ngenxa yemingeni yabo kunye nokukhubazeka."
Kulula kakhulu, xa uxelelwa ngumntwana wakho "okuyingqayizivele," ukuhamba ngekhenkco lokufudumala. Ngelishwa, loo mvakalelo inokukhokelela ekungaqondani phakathi kwabazali, oogqirha kunye nootitshala-kwaye kunokudala iingxaki ngemisebenzi yabantwana kunye neziphumo.
3. 'Umngeni weCognitive' uthetha i-IQ ephantsi
Emuva emashumi ambalwa eminyaka edlulileyo, "i-moron" kunye ne "idiot" yayimigangatho yobuchwepheshe ichaza amanqanaba athile olwazi njengokuba kulinganiswa novavanyo lwe-IQ. Ngenxa yokuba imimiselo yayibuhlungu kakhulu kwaye ihlaziywa, yaguqulwa ibe yithuba eliqhelekileyo "elithintekayo ngengqondo." Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, "ukuphulukiswa kwengqondo" kwahlala umhlalaphantsi, ngenxa yezizathu ezifanayo.
Namhlanje, endaweni yokubhekisela kumntwana nje ngokuba "nobunzima obuphantsi" okanye "ukulibala kwengqondo," ootitshala baya kuthi bavele bachaza "njengengxaki engqondweni" okanye "ukulibaziseka ngengqondo" okanye "nokuba ngumngeni."
Kuthetha ukuthini la magama? Naliphi na umzali onokuxolelwa ngenxa yokucinga ukuba bathetha "ukulibazisa, kodwa mhlawumbi ukufumana ngokukhawuleza." Abanye abantu bacinga ukuba babhekisela kumsebenzi onzima (owaziwa nangokungaziphathi kakuhle). Kodwa hayi. Kanye njengangaphambili, bathetha " benza kakubi kwi-IQ vavanyo ." Ngokuqinisekileyo, akuzona zonke iimvavanyo ze-IQ ezifanelekileyo kubantwana abane-autism kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo abantwana abane-autism bafumana amandla okuqiqa okugqithiseleyo ukuba uvavanyo lwe-IQ oluqhelekileyo lunokubonisa .
4. I-Autistic 'Passions' ayikho into ocinga ukuba ikhona
Igama elithi passionate lithetha ... yintoni? Kubantu abaninzi kwihlabathi, ithetha enye yezinto ezimbini: umtshitshisi omkhulu okanye ozinikezele ngokwenene into ethile. Unokuba ngumqambi onomdla, umculi onomdla, okanye umkhumbi okhutheleyo.
Nangona abanye abantu abane-autism banomdla ngendlela eqhelekileyo, oko akuthethi kuthiwa lixesha xa lisetyenziswe ngabafundi be-autism. Kunoko, eli gama lithandekayo lisetyenziswe njengobunzima bokunyamezela, okuthetha ukuba akakwazi ukuyeka ukwenza into efanayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Ngaloo ndlela, umntwana onomdlandla we-autistic angase abe nomuvo wokutshiza indlu yangasese ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ubukele i-video efanayo ngokungapheliyo, okanye uthethe ngeetreni ukuya ngaphandle kweminye imixholo yentetho.
5. 'Ividiyo' okanye 'iTV' Intetho ayithethi Ukuthetha NgeeVideos okanye iTV
Xa utshilwa ukuba umntwana wabo uthatha "inkulumo yevidiyo" okanye "intetho yeTV," abazali banokuzonwabisa. Ekugqibeleni, umntwana wabo usebenzisa amagama baze baqhubeke bexoxa nge sifundo esithandayo abanye! Kodwa hayi. "Intetho yeTV" okanye "intetho yevidiyo" ayithethi ukuthetha ngomboniso weTV. Kunoko, kuthetha ukuthetha njengomdlalo weTV. Olunye ixesha lobugcisa beli li-echolalia.
Yintoni echolalia ? Abantwana abaninzi abane-autism (kunye nabaselula kunye nabantu abadala) banokuthetha, kodwa endaweni yokusebenzisa amagama abo, bafundela imigca evela kwimiboniso yeTV, ii-movie okanye iividiyo ezizithandayo. Le nto ingaba yindlela engasebenziyo yokuziphatha okuzinzileyo (amagama ayithethi nantoni na, kodwa kulungile ukuqhubeka nokuphinda izandi ezifanayo). Kananjalo, kunjalo, ingaba ngamanyathelo okuqala ekusebenziseni ulwimi olusebenzayo, ngakumbi xa umntwana esebenzisa amagama omntu ukuba athethe oko akwenzileyo engqondweni yakhe.
6. 'Iskripthi' Akubandakanyi UkuFunda okanye Ukubhala iskripthi
Kuya kuba nengqiqo ukucinga ukuba "ukubhalwa kweempendulo," kumntwana ophethe i-autism, kunokubandakanya ukubonelela umntwana ngombhalo ukuze asebenzise imeko ethile yentlalo. Okanye mhlawumbi, ngomntwana osebenzayo ophezulu, UKUBHALA iskripthi sokusebenzisa imeko ephazamisayo. Kodwa hayi.
Ukhumbula ukufunda ngevidiyo okanye intetho yeTV apha ngasentla? Isikripthi sisinye isigama sohlobo olufanayo lokulandelelaniswa kwamagama anokusetyenziswa okanye angasetyenziselwa ukunxibelelana. Kubizwa ngokuba yi "scripting" kuba umntwana uye wakhumbula ngokusemthethweni iskripthi kwaye uyayifunda.
7. 'Imigaqo' Ayinanto Yenkolo
Kuyinto engavamile ukuva igama elithi "isithethe" kuyo yonke into-kwaye xa uliva, phantse rhoqo kwiimeko zemikhosi yonqulo. Iicawa, iinkundla zesikhungu kunye nemikhosi yonke inemikhuba (izenzo kunye namazwi aphindaphindiweyo ngendlela efanayo kunye nomyalelo ofanayo kwiveki nganye) ehlobene nomthandazo, ukufunda, umculo kunye nokunye.
Ngoko kuthetha ukuthini "imfundiso" yomntwana? Xa zisetyenziswe kumongo we-autism, "iisithethe" ziziphatha ngokuphindaphindiweyo ezingenalo msebenzi othile kodwa umntwana ovakalelwa kukuba UYAZIgqiba. Iindlela ezinjalo zibonakaliso lwe- Obsessive Compulsive Disorder kodwa ziqheleke kakhulu kubantu abane-autism. Imikhuba yokuzimela ingabandakanya ukufaka izinto ezincinini kwi-oda elithile, ukukhanyisa kunye nokucima, ukuhambisa indlu yangasese kaninzi, njalo njalo.
8. 'Indlela yokuzikhusela' ngokukhawuleza ibhekisela kwisitho sokuhlaziya umzimba
Yintoni eyayiza kuthetha ukuba "ukuzivuselela"? Ngokuqinisekileyo livakala ngathi u-euphemism "wokuvuselela ngokobulili." Kwaye kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, ukuziphatha komntwana we-autistic kungaquka oko. Kodwa ininzi yexesha ... ayifuni.
Ukuziphatha okuzivuselelayo-okungaziwa ngokuba "ukuvuselela" -nene ixesha elisetyenziswe ukuchaza iziphathamandla ezifana nokugubha, ukunqanda ngomunwe, ukuxuba okanye ukuhamba. Ezi ziphatha azisebenzi (azihloselwe ukuba zibe nesiphumo), kodwa zenza injongo. Kwezinye iimeko, ukuvuselela kunokunceda umntu nge-autism ukuba ahlale ezolile xa "ehlaselwa" ngezandi, ezivakalayo, okanye izibane ezikhanyayo . Ukukhuthaza kunokuba yindlela efanelekileyo yokuzincama uxinzelelo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, oophrophiya basebenzela "ukucima ukuziphatha okuzivuselelayo." Ngokwenza oku, nangona kunjalo, banokuthi banqande umntu we-autistic yezixhobo abayidingayo ukuze bahlale bezolile. Ngamanye amazwi, umntwana wakho unokuphelisa intengiso "yeqhinga" ukuziphatha kwanokwenza "ukuphazamiseka" kwemizwelo.
9. 'Izinto ezithintekayo' Akukho nto enokuyenza Ngamaqhinga
Iingcamango zizo iinkolelo eziqhelekileyo abantu abanalo ngabanye abantu, ngokusekelwe kubuhlanga, inkolo, ubulili, ubuchule okanye indawo yokuvela kuyo. Kunene? Umzali onengqiqo unokucinga ukuba i-stereotype enxulumene ne-autism inokuba yinto engafanelekanga malunga nomntu ongu-autistic owenziwe ngokuxilongwa.
Kodwa akungabazeki ukuba uqwalasela xa ixesha lisetyenziswe kumongo we-autism, akuthethi nto into efana nayo. Ukhumbule ezo ziphatha zokuzivuselela ezichazwe ngasentla? Baphinde bakhulunywe kuwo, ngokukodwa kwiincwadi zokuxilonga, "njengama-stereotypy," okanye "iimpawu zokuziphatha." Uludwe lwe-DSM5 (2013) lweempawu ze-autism ezisemthethweni ziquka:
Ukutshintsha okanye ukuphindaphinda, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto, okanye intetho (umz. I-stereotypies elula, ukucwangcisa amathoyizi okanye izinto zokuqhafaza, i-echolalia, iindidi ze-idiosyncratic).
Ngamanye amagama, ukuba umntwana wakho ubhalele amathoyizi okanye asebenzise intetho yeTV, yena usebenza ngokuziphatha okubi.
Ukwenza Ingqiqo ye-Autism-Thetha
Kukho ezininzi kwiwebhusayithi kunye neencwadi eziluhlu kwaye zichaze imigomo ehlobene ne-autism. Kwaye xa ubona iteknoloji yezobugcisa ongaziqhelanga nayo (njenge-echolalia, umzekelo) unokwenene uya kukhangela. Ingxaki, nangona kunjalo, kukuba amaninzi amaninzi asetyenziswayo ukuchaza i-autism isandi esaziwayo. Uyazi njani into ongaziyo xa ungazi ukuba awukwazi?
Indlela efanelekileyo yokuqiniseka ukuba uyilandela ngokupheleleyo ingxoxo kukubuza imibuzo xa kunokwenzeka kwaye uphinde uhlolisise ukuqonda kwakho. Umzekelo, unokubuza utitshala, "Ndiva ukuba umntanami uthatha inxaxheba kwintetho yeTV. Ngaba oko kuthetha ukuba bathetha ngemiboniso yeTV?" Okanye unokungena kwi-ophasti ukuba uqiniseke ukuba isigama sabo sineengqiqo.
Iingcebiso ezifanayo, ngendlela, kubalulekile ukukhumbula engqondweni xa uva utitshala okanye umphathiswa uthe izinto ezifana "uhamba phambili," okanye "wenza okuhle!" Ngaphambi kokuba ucinge ukuba uyazi ukuba "into enkulu" yithetha ntoni, cela "ziziphi izinto ezinkulu azenzileyo namhlanje?" Ngokuqhelekileyo, uya kufumana ukuba wena kunye nootitshala bomntwana wakho banemibono eyahlukileyo kakhulu malunga nokuba lithetha ukuthini igama.