I-asthma eyenziwa ngokuzivocavoca, okanye i-bronchoconstriction, eyenza i-bronchoconstriction kunye neempawu ze-asthma ezifana nokuhamba, ukuphefumula , ukukhwehlela kunye nesifuba esifubeni ngexesha lokuzivocavoca. Ichaphazela ezisixhenxe ukuya kuma-20 ekhulwini labantu bonke.
Nangona mhlawumbi uvile nge-asthma eyenziwa ngumzimba ngaphambili, umniki-nkonzo wakho wokunakekelwa nge-asthma mhlawumbi ubhekisela kuyo njenge-EIB.
Oogqirha be-Asth bakhetha i-EIB yekota ngokwe-asthma eyenziwa ngumzimba ngenxa yokuzilolonga akuyona ingozi yempumpi , kodwa kunokuba i- astmma .
Iimpawu
Iimpawu ze-asthma eyenziwa ngumzimba zingenzeka emva nje kwexesha elifutshane lokuzivocavoca okanye imizuzu eyi-10 ukuya kwe-15 kwixesha elide lokuzilolonga. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zesifo somzimba sisifo:
- Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
- Ubungqina bebhokisi
- Ukuhlahlela
Iimpawu zixazulula ngokuphumla ngaphandle kweminye imizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwangama-60. Imozulu yomshushu ikhulisa ubukhulu kunye nobukhulu beempawu.
Ukuxilongwa
Kwizigulane ze-asthma eziyaziwayo ezifumana iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ngexesha okanye emva kokuzivocavoca, ugqirha uya kufaka ukuxilongwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwimeko yesifo somzimba ngesifo somzimba. Amaxesha amaninzi ugqirha akayi kuphinda afune ukuvavanya ukuvavanya uvavanyo ngaphandle kokuba izibonakaliso zesifo se-asthma ziqhubekile okanye iimpawu zesifo se-asthma azikhutshwe kunye nezinye zeendlela ezichazwe ngezantsi.
Ukuba ungenayo i-asthma diagnostic, kodwa uququzelele ukuphefumula, ukuqina kwesifuba, nokukhwehlela ngexesha okanye emva kokuzivocavoca, uphando olongezelelweyo luyimfuneko ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba iimpawu azibangelwa kwenye imeko, njengentliziyo yesifo.
Kwiimeko ezininzi, uhlobo lokuhlola uvavanyo nge-pre-post-post-exercise- spirometry lisetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ubungqina bokusasazwa ngesifo se-asthma.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, uya kusebenzisa kwi-breadmill okanye kwibhayisikili elikude uze ufike kuma-85 ekhulwini wezinga elilindelekileyo lentliziyo yakho. Ucatshangelwa ukuba ube nesistim se -asthma xa u- FEV1 (ukunyanzeliswa komthamo wokuphefumula) uwela ngaphezu kweepesenti ezili-10 kunye nokusetyenziswa.
Abanye abanikezeli bonyango bangancomela uvavanyo lomngeni we- bronchoprovocation , kodwa oku akukodwa ngokubhekiselele kwi-asthma. Ngokufanayo, ukulinganisa ukuphakama kwephambi kokuqala nokuhamba emva kokuzilolonga akukhuthazwa ukuba kuhlolwe i-asthma eyenziwa ngumzimba ngenxa yokuba iziphumo zisoloko zichanekile.
Ezinye izimbangela zokuphefumula, ukuqina kwesifuba, nokukhwehlela okufana nokuphambana nesifo somzimba wesifuba kufuneke ukuba kuqwalaselwe. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi ukuba ungabonakali nenye impawu ze-asthma kwaye awuzuzi kwezinye zeendlela zokukhusela ezichazwe ngezantsi. Olunye uvavanyo olugqirha ugqirha unokuluqwalasela lubandakanya:
- Intambo yokungasebenzi
- Ukumelwa yintliziyo
- Isifo senhliziyo saseCoronary
- Isifo se-reflux se-Gastroesophageal
Thintelo
Ukuba ulawulo olungapheliyo lwe-asthma kunye neempawu zamagqabantshintshi ngokuzivocavoca, unyango lwe-asthma olulawulwa kakubi lungaba lucebo oluhle kakhulu kuwe. I-asthma eyenziwa ngumzimba ingavinjelwa ngokusetyenziswa kweminye imichiza elandelelweyo:
- I- bronchodilator esebenza ngokukhawuleza: Ukusebenzisa izibilini ezimbini zonyango lokunceda ngokukhawuleza njenge-Albuterol okanye i-Formoterol imizuzu engama-10 ngaphambi kokuzivocavoca kunokuthintela iimpawu zesifo se-asthma.
- I-Cromolyn sodium (Intal): I- Cromolyn sodium ingasetyenziselwa ukuthintela i-asthma eyenziwa ngumzimba kwaye isenokusetyenziswa ngokudibanisa neyeza zokunceda ngokukhawuleza.
Kubantwana kunye nabantu abadala abasebenzisa ngokukhawuleza emini kwaye abanako ukuthabatha imithi phambi komsebenzi ngamnye, i-bronchodilator ende (i-LABA) okanye i-leukotriene inhibitor ingasetyenziswa:
- Ama-bronchodilator asebenza ixesha elide: I- LABA ezifana ne-Salmeterol kunye neFomoteroterol, ngelixa kungenakucetyiswa nje ngokuba unyango lwe-asthma kuphela, lunokusetyenziswa kwisifo se-asthma. I-Salmeterol kunye neFomoteroterol kufuneka ithathe i-30 nemizuzu emi-5 ngaphambi kokuzivocavoca, ngokulandelanayo. Akufanele isetyenziswe ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngaphezu kweeyure eziyi-12.
- I-Leukotriene inhibitors: I- Leukotriene inhibitors njenge-Montelukast (i-Singulair) kunye ne-Zafirlukast (i-Accolate) ingasetyenziselwa ukukhusela iimpawu ezibangelwa ngumzimba ezibangelwa yi-asthma izigulana ezidinga ixesha elide lokukhusela okanye ezinengxaki zokusebenzisa i-inhalers. Ukuba uhlakulela izibonakaliso zomsondo okanye i-bronchoconstriction emva kokuqalisa ukuzivocavoca, okanye ukulibala ukuthatha amayeza ngaphambi kokuba uqalise ukuzivocavoca, uya kufuna ukusebenzisa i-inhaler yakho yokukhusela kwaye ulandele isicwangciso sakho senkqubo yesifuba .
> Imithombo:
> O'Byrne PM. Imfundo yesineke: I-asthma eyenziwa ngumzimba (Ngaphandle kwezinto eziPhambili). Ku: UkuPhakamisa. 2017.
> Iintsholongwane zeWW. I-Asthma edibaniswe nokuzivocavoca. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 25 (1): 31-43.