Imozulu embi kunye nebala eliphezulu lepollen liyenzela isiphepho esipheleleyo
E-Melbourne, e-Australia, ngoNovemba 21, 2016, kwakukho ukuduma kwezulu. Umoya, imvula enzima, kunye nokuphakama kwamapollen kubeka abantu abangaphezu kwe-8 500 esibhedlele ngokuhlaselwa kwe-asthma. Abantu abayisithoba bafa.
Abaninzi bala bantu abaye bafumana ukuhlaselwa okubulalayo babengenaso nembali yesifo se-asthma kwaye babesele bafumana umkhuhlane wesifo kuphela. Yintoni eyenzekayo?
I-Asthma ichazwa
I-asthma ichaphazela malunga nabantu abayizigidi ezingama-300 emhlabeni wonke. Inani labantu abane-asthma landa, umgangatho odibaniswe nokuhlala kwimizi. Ukunyuka kwehlabathi jikelele kwinani labantu abane-asthma kwakunye neendleko ezihambelana nezifo zesifo sele zenze ukuba uphando olongezelelweyo luhlolisise iindlela kunye neyeza.
Ngokutsho kweCDC, malunga ne-12 kwabaseMerika (abantu abayizigidi ezingama-25) bane-asthma. Ngo-2008, malunga nama-50 ekhulwini aseMelika abanesifo se-asthma bahlaselwa yi-asthma-ezininzi zazo zinokuthintelwa. Ngaphezu koko, ngo-2007, i-asthma yaphela yaxabisa amaMerika ama-56 biliyoni kwiindleko zonyango, umvuzo olahlekileyo, kunye neentsuku zesikolo ezilahlekileyo.
Abantu abane-asthma ngokuqhelekileyo babonakala ngeempawu ngexesha lokuqala kwasebuntwaneni. Amakhwenkwe aphindwe kabini abafana abane-asthma. Nangona umntu esemdala, i-asthma ixhaphake ngokufanayo phakathi kwamadoda nabasetyhini.
Iimpawu ze-asthma zibandakanya ukuhamba, ukuphefumula, ukukhwehlela kunye nesifuba esifubeni.
Isifo se-asthma sisifo esiyinkimbinkimbi esibhalwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- ukukhutshwa komoya
- uhlobo olukhethekileyo lokuvuvukala kwe-airways
- i-bronchospasm, okanye i-spasm ye-muscle ephosakeleyo kwiindonga zamasebe amancinci kwindlela yokuhamba, ekhokelela ekunciphisweni kwexeshana.
Umngcipheko omkhulu wophuhliso lwe-asthma.
I-Atopy yindlela yokuvelisa izifo ezichaphazelekayo ezibandakanya i-asthma kuphela kodwa i-rhinitis ye-allergen kunye ne-atopic dermatitis. Ingqalelo, i-rhinitis ye-allergen nayo iyaziwa ngokuba yi- hay fever kunye ne-atopic dermatitis yi- eczema . Abantu abanamava e-atop bakwandisa iimpendulo zokuzivikela kumzimba kwizifo eziqhelekileyo ezifunyenweyo kwimeko, ezifana ne-pollen, isikhunta kunye nokutya okuthile.
Ezinye iziphumo zikhokelela ekuvukeleni kwamanzi kunye nokuhlaselwa kwesifo se-asthma. Ezi zinto ziquka ezi zilandelayo:
- izilwanyana (isib. impova)
- izifo zentsholongwane (umz., i-rhinovirus)
- ukusetyenziswa
- umoya obandayo
- ukuhleka
- mozulu utshintsho
- amayeza (umzekelo, i-β-blockers)
- ukuxhamla emsebenzini
- GERD
- ukutya
Ugqirha unokukwazi ukufumanisa i-asthma esekelwe kwimbali yonyango, iziphumo zokuhlolwa kweemvelo kunye ne-spirometry. I-Spirometry yimivavanyo yokuxilongwa eyenziwa eofisini, inokulinganisa umlinganiselo womoya owukhuphayo, ubungakanani bomoya owukhuphayo, kunye nexesha elikuthathayo ukuba uphumelele.
Isifo se-asthma sithathwa ngokugqithiswa ngugqirha wezonyango. Unyango lwe-asthma ulungelelaniswa neemfuno zomntu kwaye kuxhomekeke kwimibandela emininzi, kubandakanya izizathu, intetho, imbali kunye nokuphendula kwonyango.
Nazi iinjongo zokunyangwa kwe-asthma:
- ukuthintela okanye ukunciphisa ukuhlaselwa kwesifo se-asthma
- iimpawu zokulawula
- ukuphelisa ukutyelela kwigumbi lexakeka
- ukugcina imisebenzi eqhelekileyo yokuphila kwansuku zonke
- ukunciphisa ukunyuka kwexesha lokuhlwa ebusuku (i-asthma)
- ukugcina amanqanaba omzimba
- ukugcina umsebenzi omhle wamaphaphu
- ukunciphisa imiphumo emibi yeyeza
Uninzi lwabantu abane-asthma bathabatha amayeza nge-inhaler. I-corticosteroids engabonakaliyo ikhethwa ukulawula ixesha elide le-asthma. Ukulumkela kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokukhawulezileyo kwe-β2-agonists esebenzayo kwangexesha elide kunokukunceda. Ukufakela i-β2-agonists i-short-acting ac-like njenge- albuterol ingasetyenziselwa ukuphucula ngokukhawuleza.
Emva kokuvavanywa, i-corticosteroids yomlomo, unyango lwe-albuterol nebulizer, njalo njalo ungasetyenziselwa ukuhlaselwa kwe-asthma.
Iinkcukacha ezithile zonyango zixhomekeka kwixinzelelo. Ukuhlaselwa kokusongela ubomi kubangela ukulaliswa esibhedlele kwi-ICU.
Iindudumo njengeHuman Asthma Trigger
Nangona i-Melbourne i-asthma ephumayo ngoNovemba 2016 yayisona sikhulu kakhulu kwiirekhodi, iindudumo zenze izifo ezifanayo kwiziganeko ezininzi kwihlabathi jikelele kuquka iNaples kunye neLondon. Inqaku, ngokuba i-Australia iphela kwiNkcubeko yeNtshona Koloni nakwiindawo zaseAustralia zomshushu, intwasahlobo ivela phakathi kukaSeptemba noNovemba.
Ngethuba lamaxesha xa kukho impova eninzi emoyeni, njengentwasahlobo, iziqulatho zeendudumo zingathatha le mpova kumgangatho wehlabathi. EUnited States, iinkcukacha ezithile zexesha lokungabikho kwamanye amazwe ziyahlukahluka kummandla, kodwa ziqala ngoFebhuwari kwaye zandise ukuqala kwehlobo. Ngaphezu koko, ukushisa okubusika okubumninzi kunokubangela ukuba izityalo zingcolise ekuqaleni, kwaye imvula yamanzi imvula ingakhokelela ekukhuleni ngokukhawuleza kunye nokwanda kwesikhunta.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, impova ayiyikuhlasela i-airways engaphantsi yemiphunga. Nangona kunjalo ngeemeko ezimanzi zeendudumo, i-pollen iphakamisa amanzi kwaye iphule ngohlelo olubizwa ngokuthi i-osmosis. Ezi ntlobo ze-pollen ziba yi-aerosolized kwaye zihlasele amanqanaba emiphaphu aphantsi. Kubantu abaxhamla kwi-pollen, oku kubonakala kungabangela ukuhlaselwa kwesifo se-asthma kunye nokufa kwesinye isikhathi.
Iminyaka yokuqala engama-20 okanye engama-30 yesithwathwa sentwasahlobo yinto eyingozi kakhulu kulabo abane-pollen allergy kwaye kunokukhokelela ekuhlaselweni kwe-asthma ngisho nakwabo bangakaze babe neyodwa kunye ne-hay fever. Ukongezelela kwimvula nangomoya weendudumo, ezinye izinto ezifana nombane (izityholo zombane emoyeni) kunye nokubanda kungabamba indima kwi-asthma echaphazelekayo. Ngokukodwa, iintlawulo zombane zinokudityaniswa nokuqhekeka kweengqungquthela ze-pollen.
Ezinye iingcali zixhalabisa ukuba iindudumo zingabangela ingxaki yempilo yabantu kulabo abanomkhuhlane wefestile kwaye banokungena okanye abangenayo i-asthma. Ukugxilwa kwempepho kuyanda, kwaye utshintsho lwemozulu lubangela ukuduma kweemvula kunye nezinye izenzakalo zemvula eziqhelekileyo.
Emva kokwenza uphando olungakumbi, iingcali ziyakwazi ukuphuhlisa iinkqubo zokulumkisa kwangaphambili ukuze ziqaphele abo abanexinzelelo malunga nokuphazamiseka kwe-asthma echaphazelekayo. Abaphandi beYunivesithi yaseJeorgia ngoku bahlola le ndlela.
Kwinqaku ebizwa ngokuthi "Iindudumo ezinxulumene nezihlaselo ze-Asthma," u-D'Amato kunye nabalobi bezobhali bebhala:
Umyalezo wokubuya ekhaya uthi izigulane ezichaphazelekayo yi-pollen allergies kufuneka ziqaphele ingozi yokuba ngaphandle kwexesha lokuduma kwezulu ngelixesha lempova. Izilumkiso kufuneka zinikezwe ngexesha le-pollen ukuya kwizigulane ezinobulunga.
Ngokukodwa, ingaba yinto efanelekileyo kubo abanemfutho yokungcolisa impova ukuze bahlale ngaphakathi kwendlu kwaye bagcine ii window zivaliwe ngexesha lokuduma kwemvula eqhubeka ngexesha le-pollen.
> Imithombo:
> Isifuba. Incwadana yoLwazi lweNtsapho. http://www.fpnotebook.com
> I-Asthma Exacerbation. Incwadana yoLwazi lweNtsapho. http://www.fpnotebook.com.
> Barnes PJ. Isifuba. Ku: Kasper D, Fauci A, Hauser S, uLongo D, Jameson J, Loscalzo J. eds. Imigaqo yeHarrison ye-Medicine yangaphakathi, i-19e eNew York, i-NY: i-McGraw-Hill; 2014.
> D'Amato, G, et al. Ukuhlasela kwe-Asthma-Related Related. I-Journal ye-allergies kunye ne-Clinic Immunology. 2017.
> Usmani OS, Barnes PJ. I-Asthma: Ukunikezelwa kweeNkcazo kunye noLawulo. Ku: I-Grippi MA, uElias JA, i-Fishman JA, uKotloff RM, i-Pack AI, uMasipala oyi-Senior, uSiegel MD. eds. I-Fishman's Pulmonary Diseases and Disorders, Udidi lwesihlanu eNew York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2015.