Umngcipheko ojongene nomhlaza weLung e-Asia vs e-United States
Ngaba yinyaniso ukuba amadoda aseJapan abhema ngaphezulu kodwa aphethwe ngumdlavuza wamaphaphu rhoqo ukuba amadoda aseUnited States naseYurophu, nangona atshisa ngaphezulu?
Oku akuyiyo inkolelo, inyaniso. Kodwa kutheni?
I-Japanese Lung Cancer Smoking Paradox
Kubonakala kungenangqondo ukuba abo baseJapan babumbele ngakumbi kodwa banomlinganiselo ongaphantsi komdlavuza wamaphaphu kunase-United States, owaziwa ngokuthi "Umdlavuza waseJapane wokutshaya ummangalo." Ingxoxo ayifumani ngokutshaya kuba sisazi ukuba ukutshaya kubangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Ingxoxo inokuba kutheni abantu baseJapan (kunye nabanye baseAsia) abachaphazelayo umhlaza wesifo samaphaphu, nangona batshaya ngaphezulu. Impendulo kwimibuzo ejikeleze le ngongoma iya kuba inxulumene nezizathu.
Iingxowa zeLung Cancer vs Ukubhema eJapan naseUnited States
Emva kokuphawula ukuba kukho abantu abaninzi ababhemayo eJapan kodwa umngcipheko omncinci womdlavuza wamaphaphu, abaphandi baye baqhelanisa. Bafumanisa ukuba umahluko wawunxulumene nomlinganiselo wokutshaya. Amadoda avela eUnited States kunye nalabo baseJapan bavutha inani elilinganayo leminyaka, kwaye bafumana inani elifanayo le-cigarettes imihla ngemihla.
Nangona kunjalo, ngoxa e-United States "umlinganiselo wokuba nomdlavuza" kumdlali wesilisa kunye nabangabhemi bengu-40.1 (ngamanye amazwi, ababhemayo abesilisa babengama-40 amathuba okuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu kunabesilisa abangabhemi eMelika), umlinganiselo weJapan wawuyi-6.3. Ngamanye amazwi, abantu ababhemayo baseJapan babenamaxesha angama-6.3 kuphela amathuba okuvelisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu njengabantu abangabhemi.
Iingqinisiso zeRhafu yeLung kwenye amazwe aseAsia
Umdlavuza wemiphunga wamaphaphu uqinisile, kwaye awuxhomekanga eJapan. Umngcipheko wohlobo lomdlavuza wamaphaphu ngo-2016 ufumanise ukuba, ngokubhekiselele kumngcipheko we-40: 1 e-United States, ababhemayo baseKorea babeyi-4.0 ukuya kuma-4.6 amaxesha amaninzi okuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu kunabangabhemi.
Umngcipheko onobungozi eJapan kulolu cwaningo luyi-3.7 ukuya ku-5.1, kwaye ukuba e-China yayingu-2.4 ukuya ku-6.5.
Ababhali beli phofu baqaphele ukuba ukuphazamiseka akufanelekanga ukuchazwa ukuba ukutshaya kuyingozi kuma-Asiya.
Izizathu ezibonakalayo ze-Cancer ye-Lung Smoking Paradox
Izizathu ezinokuthi zibe negalelo kumngcipheko ophezulu womhlaza wemiphunga eUnited States nakwamanye amazwe aseAsia ziquka:
- Amanqanaba angaphantsi kwamayeza okubangela umdlavuza kwiJigarettes. E-United States, malunga nama-70 eekhemikhali ezitholakala kwiigayibha zicingelwa ukuba zibangele umdlavuza. Ngoxa icuba likhoyo kwiinkcuphe ezininzi, uhlobo kunye nenani lala mayeza akwazi ukuhluka ngokubanzi.
- Izifo ze-Genetic ezenza ukuba amadoda aseJapane axhathise ngakumbi ukukhutshwa komhlaza womphunga. Nangona unokucinga ngomhlaza wemiphunga njengesifo esibangelwa ukutshaya, kukho izimbangela ezininzi, kwaye abanye abantu baphatha isifo esibalulekileyo. Oku kungaba lula ukuyiqonda ukuba ulandele amabali ngo-Angelina Jolie, kunye nezigqibo awayejamelana nazo ekufundeni wayenelungelo lokufumana isifo somhlaza kwisisu. Enyanisweni, enye yale "zengqondo zomhlaza zesifuba" ezibizwa ngokuba yi- BRCA2 zidibene nomngcipheko we-2 wokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabasetyhini abashunayo.
Izizathu ezinokwenzeka zeCancer Lung Cancer Smoking Paradox
Ukongezelela ukuthambekela kofuzo kunye ne-carcinogen ye-cigarettes, kukho ezinye iimeko ezinokuthi zenze i-akhawunti, okanye ubuncinci ukufaka isandla, ukungafani phakathi kokutshaya nomdlavuza wamaphaphu eMelika naseJapan. Ezi ziquka:
- Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala ngabantu baseJapan. Ukusetyenziswa kotywala kakhulu kunxulumene nomngcipheko ophezulu womhlaza wemiphunga , nangona ezinye iintlobo zotywala zingabangela umngcipheko ngaphezu kwabanye. Iimpawu ze-Genetic zinokudlala indima kule nkalo, njengoko uphando oluthile alufumananga nxu lumano phakathi komnyobisi kunye nomdlavuza wamaphaphu kumadoda aseTshayina.
- Amanqatha aphantsi ayenyiswa ngabantu baseJapan. I-fat fat in eating inxulumene nomngcipheko ophantsi wokuzala umhlaza wamaphaphu.
- Ukusebenza okuphezulu kwezihlunu kwiigrafu zaseJapan. Kukho ukusetyenziswa kwamachiza asetshenzisiweyo kwiifayile ze-cigarettes zaseJapan kunezobheyi eziseMelika. Unokuba uqhelanise ne-charcoal esebenzayo njengoko isetyenziselwa kumagumbi aphuthumayo ukunyanga ezinye iinetyhefu kunye nokugqithisa. Ukuqukumbela kwamalahle kubandakanya ezinye iikhemikhali, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo akuzona zonke. Ukongeza, i- charcoal esebenzayo isetyenziswe kwezinye izongezelelo zokutya kwezempilo .
- Ngaphambili ubudala bokuba ukutshaya kuvela kumadoda aseMerika. Amadoda aseMelika aqala ukutshaya, ngokuqhelekileyo, ubuncinane ubuncinane kwiminyaka emi-2 engaphezulu kwamaJapan. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umngcipheko womhlaza wamaphaphu ukwanda kunye nenani leminyaka yepakethi etshayiweyo, okanye inani lamagarethi. Kodwa abo baqala ukutshaya kwiminyaka emncinci kubonakala bebungozini kakhulu kunabo baqala ukutshaya kamva, nokuba ngaba amaqela amabini afuna ukutshaya inombolo efanayo yeegereyi.
- Izinto zokuphila ngaphandle kokutshaya . Ezinye izinto zokutya zidibene nomngcipheko omncinci womhlaza wemiphunga . Ukongezelela, ukusetyenziswa-nokuba yincinci-kubonakala kukunciphisa ingozi yomhlaza wemiphunga.
Yintoni Ongayenza Ngalo Lwazi?
Ngokuqinisekileyo, izifo zofuzo zingakwazi ukulawula, kodwa amadoda aseMelika abhema umnqweno angathanda ukuba acinge ngokunciphisa utywala lwabo kunye nokusetyenziswa kokutya okunamafutha aphezulu.
Qinisekisa ukujonga ezi zi- 10 iingcebiso zokuthintela umdlavuza wamaphaphu , nokuba ungashunyi okanye awuyi kubhema. Gcina ukhumbule ukuba umhlaza wamaphaphu unokwenza, kwaye wenza, kubomi obungapheliyo. Nabani na abaneemiphunga bangakwazi ukufumana umdlavuza wamaphaphu.
> Imithombo:
> Jung, K., Jeon, C., no S. Yee. Impembelelo yokubhema kwi-Cancer ye-Lung: Ukungafani kobuhlanga kunye nokuHluma iPadadox. Epidemiology kunye neMpilo . 2016. 38: e2016060.
> Marugame, T. et al. Imilinganiselo yokufa kwesifo somhlaza ngesifo sokubhema: Ukuthelekiswa kweSifundo seKomiti yeThathu-Prefecture eJapan kwiSifundo seNqande yokuCandwa kweCan e-USA. Inzululwazi yeCancer . 2005. 96 (2): 120-6.
> Nakaji, S. et al. Iinkcazo zokutshaya ukutshaya eJapan. I-European Journal ye-Epidemiology . 2003. 18 (5): 381-3.
> Stellman, S. et al. Umngcipheko wokubhema kunye nomphunga wamaphaphu kumadoda aseMelika kunye namaJapane: uphando lwe-case-control international. I-Epidemiology ye-Cancer Biomarkers kunye nokukhusela . 2001. 10 (11): 1193-9.
> Takahashi, I. et al. Ukungafani kwimpembelelo yokubhema icuba emaphaphu emkhatsini weJapan kunye ne-USA: inkcazo enokwenzeka yokuba 'ukutshaya ukutshaya' eJapan. LezeMpilo . 2008. Aprili 15 (uEpub ngaphambi kwexesha).