Ngokutsho kweAmerican Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-4 e-United States bafuna unyango ngamnye kunyaka ngeengxaki zegxalaba. Unyaka ngamnye, iingxaki zengxowankulu zijongene nokuvakatyelela kwii- orthopedic . Iingxaki zomxhelo eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya:
- Ukuhluthwa kwamagxa kunye nokuhlukana
- Tendinitis
- Bursitis
- Impingement syndrome
- Ukuqhaqha isitya sokujikeleza
- Ihlombe elinyanisiweyo
- Iqhekeza
- IArthritis yamagxa
Izakhi zoLuhlu
Umxhelo wegxa unamathambo amathathu:
- I-clavicle (i-collar bone)
- I-scapula (umgca wecala)
- I-humerus (ithambo lesisentla salo)
Amalungu amabini aqhuba ukunyakaza kwamagxa. Umxube we-acromioclavicular (AC) ukhona phakathi kwe-acromion (inxalenye yesi-scapula eyenza indawo ephezulu yegxalaba) kunye ne-clavicle. Umxube we-glenohumeral, obizwa ngokuba ngumxhelo wegxalaba, unxulumano lwebhola kunye ne-socket oludibanisayo oluye lunceda ukuhambisa umgca phambili nangemuva kwaye luvumela ingalo ukuba ijikeleze kwindlela esetyhulayo okanye ikhuphe kwaye ikhuphe emzimbeni.
"Ibhola" iyona nxalenye ephezulu, ejikeleziweyo yesangqa lesandla elingaphezulu okanye i-humerus. "I-socket," okanye i-glenoid, yinto efana nesidlo esingaphandle komda we-scapula apho ibhola ihambelana khona.
I-capsule iyimvulophu enesithambathiso esithambileyo ejikeleza umxube we-glenohumeral. Ihlanganiswe ngumlenze omncinci, ogqithisileyo we-synovial membrane.
Amathambo ehlombe aqhutywe endaweni yeemisipha, iintambo, kunye neendandatho. Iitendon zizintambo ezinzima zezicubu ezifakela iimbumba zehlombe kunye namathambo kunye nokuncedisa izihlunu ekuhambiseni ihlombe. Iigamente zinamathela amathambo emagxeni omnye komnye, ukubonelela ukuzinza. (umzekelo, phambi kwe-capsule ehlanganyelweyo ihlanganiswe ngamagqamente amathathu e-glenohumeral.)
Ingqayi yomjikelezi yinto eyenziwe ngamathambo axhaphazelayo, ephethe izihlunu ezixhambileyo, ibamba ibhola phezulu kwi-humerus kwi-socket glenoid kwaye inika ukuhamba kunye namandla kumxhelo. Izakhiwo ezimbini ezinjenge-bursae zivumela imvume ehamba phambili phakathi kwethambo, i-muscle ne-tendon. Ziyakhusela kwaye zikhusele ikhuni yokujikeleza kwi-bony arch ye-acromion.
Yintoni Ebangelwa Iingxaki Zobunzima?
Igalelo lihlanganiswe kakhulu kunye nomzimba. Nangona kunjalo, luhlanganiso oluzinzileyo ngenxa yoluhlu lwesindululo esivunyelwe. Kulula ukulimala kuba ibhola yengalo engaphezulu likhulu kunokuba isalathanga segxala elibamba. Ukuze uhlale uzinzile, umxhelo kufuneka uqinisekiswe yimisipha, i-tendon, kunye ne-ligaments.
- Ezinye iingxaki zengxowa zivela ekuphazamiseni kwezi thunge ezithambileyo ngenxa yokulimala okanye ukusetyenziswa kakubi okanye ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwegxalaba.
- Ezinye iingxaki zivela kwinkqubo enokukhubazeka apho izicubu zinqamuka kwaye azisebenzi kakuhle.
Iintlungu zentlungu zingasendaweni okanye zingathunyelwa kwiindawo ezijikelezileyo okanye phantsi kweengalo. Izifo ngaphakathi komzimba (ezifana ne-gallbladder, isibindi, okanye isifo senhliziyo, okanye izifo zomlomo wesibeletho entanyeni) nazo zinokuvelisa intlungu ehamba kunye neentsimbi ukuya ehlombe.
Ziyintoni Iingxaki Zengxakini?
Ezinye zeendlela iindlela oogqirha baxilonga ngayo iingxaki zengxaki zibandakanya:
- Imbali yonyango yesigulane
- Ukuhlolwa kweemvelo ukuhlola ukulimala, imida yokuhamba, indawo yentlungu, kunye nobukhulu bokungazinzi ngokuhlangeneyo
- Ukuvavanya ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kweemeko ezithile. Ezinye zezi mvavanyo ziquka i-ray-ray, i-arthrograms (oko kukuthi, isebenzisa umbane ohlukileyo kunye no-x-rays), i-MRI (i-imagery magnetic resonance)
- Ukungena kwe-anesthetic ngaphakathi kunye kunye neenxa
Yintoni Ukuxhatshazwa Kweentlungu?
Umxhelo wexhefu ngowona nto iqhutywe ngokubanzi kunye nomzimba. Kwimeko efana neyokuhluthwa kwegxalaba , iqela elinamandla elithatha ihlombe ngaphandle (ukuthunjwa) okanye ukujikeleza okugqithiseleyo kwe-pops edibeneyo ibhola le-humerus ephuma kwipokothwa lehlombe.
Ukutshintshwa ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka ngokuqhelekileyo xa kukho umtsalane ongemuva kwisandla esithatha izihlunu ezingakhange zilungele ukulwa okanye ukugqithisa izihlunu.
Xa igxalaba lihamba ngokuphindaphindiweyo, le meko ibhekiswa ngokungenakunyameko . Ukususwa okuyingcipheko apho i-bone yangasese yesandla iyingxenye kwaye iphuma kwinqwelo ebizwa ngokuba yi-subluxation.
Iimpawu zoKhutshwa
Igxala liyakwazi ukuhambela phambili, ngasemva, okanye ngaphantsi. Ingalo ingabonakali nje kwisithuba xa igxalaba lisahlukana, kodwa ukuchithwa kwempahla kuvelisa intlungu. Imisipha ye-muscle ingandisa ukwanda kwentlungu. Iimpawu ezinokuthi ziphuhlise ziquka:
- ukuvuvukala
- bhinqa
- ubuthathaka
- ukutyumza
Iingxaki ezibonwe ngendwangu edibeneyo zigqithisa iigaments okanye iithoni zomeleza i-capsule kunye kunye, ngokuqhelekileyo, umonakalo wamantongomane.
Oogqirha bavame ukuxilonga ukuchithwa ngokuhlolwa komzimba , kwaye ii-ray-ray zingathathwa ukuze ziqinisekiswe ukuxilongwa kwaye zilawule i-fracture ehlobene.
Unyango lweNgcaciso
Oogqirha bayiphatha ukuhanjiswa ngokubeka ibhola ye-humerus kwakhona kwisango elihlangeneyo-inkqubo ebizwa ngokuthi ukunciphisa.
Ingalo ingenakunqandwa kwi-sling okanye kwisixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yi-immobilizer yamagxa kwiiveki ezimbalwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo ugqirha ugunyazisa ukuphumla ihlombe nokusebenzisa i-ice 3 okanye amaxesha amane ngosuku. Emva kokuba ubuhlungu kunye nokuvuvukala kulawulwa, isigulane singena kwinkqubo yokuvuselela iquka ukuzivocavoca ukubuyisela uluhlu lwesigxina segxala kunye nokuqinisa imisipha yokuthintela ukufuduswa kwexesha elizayo.
Ezi zifundo zingathuthuka ukusuka kwisimo esilula ukuya kusetyenziso lwezilingo.
Emva kokunyanga kunye nokuphulukana, elinye iqela eliye lafudulwa lihlala lingakwazi ukulimala, ngakumbi kubantu abaselula, abakhutheleyo. Iigigamente zisenwe okanye ziqhekeke, kwaye igalelo lingahle libuye liphinde liphinde liphinde liphinde liphinde liphinde liphinde liphinde. Igalelo eliphazamisa kakhulu okanye lidla, lilimaza izicubu okanye iimbilini ezithandayo, ngokuqhelekileyo kufuna ukulungiswa okucwangcisiweyo ukuze kuqiniswe iigamente ezolule okanye ukudibanisa kwakhona.
Ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha wenza utyando nge-incision encinci apho i-arthroscope ifakwa khona ukuze igcine ngaphakathi. Emva kwalolu hlobo, olubizwa ngokuba ngu- arthroscopic , ukuxilongwa kwe-arthroscopic , i-shoulder is generally immobilized for about 6 weeks.
Abanye oogqirha banqwenela ukulungiswa kwegxala eliphindaphindiweyo ngokuhlinzwa okuvulwe ngexesha eliphantsi kombono ocacileyo. Kukho ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuphindaphinda okuncinciweyo kunye nokunyuswa kwentsebenzo emva kokuhlinzwa okuvulekileyo, kodwa kungathatha ixesha elincinane ukuba uphinde uhambele.
Ukwahlukana Kwamahlombe?
Ukuhlukana kwamagxa kwenzeka apho i-collar bone (i-clavicle) idibana ne-shoulder blade (scapula). Xa iigamente ezibambene ngokubambisana zihluthiwe okanye zihlanjululwe ngokupheleleyo, isiphelo sangaphandle se-clavicle sinokukhupha ngaphandle kwendawo, ukuthintela ukuba ihlangane kakuhle ne-scapula.
Ngokuqhelekileyo ukuxhatshazwa kubangelwa ukubethelwa kwiphepha okanye ngokuwa ngesandla eseluliweyo.
Iimpawu zokuhlukana kwamacala
Iimpawu zokuba ukwahlukana kwenzeke kubandakanya intlungu yesahlombe okanye ukunyamezela okanye ngamanye amaxesha ukubola phakathi kwepaleni (ngaphezulu kwe-AC joint). Ngamanye amaxesha ubunzima bokuhlukana bunokufunyanwa ngokuthatha i-ray-ray ngelixa isigulane sinobunzima obunzima obuthathekayo kwiimisipha, okwenza ukwahlukana kuvezwe ngakumbi.
Unyango loKwahlula
Ukuhlukana kwamagxa ngokuqhelekileyo kuphathwa ngokuzenzekelayo ngokuphumla nokugqoka i-sling . Kungekudala emva kokulimala, ingxowa yeqhankqalazi ingasetyenziswa ekunciphiseni ubuhlungu kunye nokuvuvukala.
Emva kwexesha lokuphumla, umgqirha unceda isigulane senze imichilo ebeka ihlombe ngokuhamba kwayo.
Uninzi lwahlukeneyo lwegxala lungaphilanga kwiinyanga ezimbini okanye ezintathu ngaphandle kokungenelela kwangaphambili. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iigamente ziqhekeke kakhulu, ukulungiswa kocwangco kungafuneka ukuba ubambe i-clavicle endaweni. Ugqirha unokulinda ukuba ubone ukuba unyango luyasebenza ngaphambi kokugqiba ukuba ngaba utyando luyafuneka.
Yintoni i-Tendinitis, i-Bursitis, kunye ne-Impingement Syndrome yeNgxowa?
I-Tendinitis, i-bursitis, kunye ne-impingement syndrome yamagxala inxulumene ngokusondeleyo kwaye inokuthi yenzeke yedwa okanye idibeneyo. Ukuba i-cuper rotator kunye ne-bursa zithukuthelisiwe, zivuthayo, zikhukhumele, ziyakuncipha phakathi kwentloko ye-humerus kunye ne-acromion. Ukunyuswa okuphindaphindiweyo okubandakanya iingalo kunokuchaphazela ukunyuswa kwemiqathango kwiminyaka emininzi.
Iyakucasula kwaye igule phantsi iintlobo, imisipha kunye nezakhiwo ezijikelezayo, nazo.
I-Tendinitis ukuvuvukala (ubomvu, ubuhlungu, nokuvuvukala) kwethenda. Kwi-tendinitis yegxalaba, isitya se-rotator kunye / okanye i-biceps tendon iyavutha, ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yokubanjelwa kwimizimba ejikelezileyo. Ingozi inokuhluka ukusuka ekuvukeleni komzimba ukubandakanyeka kweyona nkcenkcesha yomqhubi. Xa i-rotator cuff itheff iqhuma kwaye igxininiswe, ingangena phantsi kwe-acromion. Ukucinywa kwekhafu yokujikeleza kuthiwa yi-impingement syndrome.
I-Tendinitis kunye ne- impingement syndrome zihlala zihamba kunye nokuvuvukala kweembasa ze-bursa ezikhusela ihlombe. I-bursa evuthayo ibizwa ngokuba yi-bursitis .
Ukuvuvukala esibangelwa isifo esifana nesifo se-rheumatoid isifo somzimba singenza ukuba umqhubi we-tapinitis kunye ne-bursitis. Ezemidlalo ezibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwegxala kunye nemisebenzi efuna ukufikelela kwixesha eliqhelekileyo zikhona ezinye izizathu ezibangela ukucaphukisa umbhobho wokujikeleza okanye u-bursa kwaye kunokukhokelela ekuvukeleni nasekufakeni.
Iimpawu zeTendinitis kunye neBursitis
Impawu zokuqala ze-tendinitis kunye ne-bursitis ziquka:
- Ukuqala ngokukhawuleza kunye nentlungu ephakamileyo okanye kwisithathu sesandla
- Unzima ukulala ehlombe
I-Tendinitis kunye ne-bursitis nayo ibangela intlungu xa ingalo iphakanyisiwe emzimbeni okanye ngaphezulu. Ukuba ithenda ye-tendinitis ibandakanya i-biceps tendon (i-tendon ehlala phambi kwegxeni elisiza ukugoba i-elbow kwaye iphendule phambili), intlungu iya kwenzeka phambi okanye kwicala lehlombe kwaye inokuhamba ukuya kwi-elbow kunye ne-forearm.
Ubuhlungu buya kwenzeka kwakhona xa ingalo iphosa phezulu.
Ukuchonga i-Tendinitis, i-Bursitis kunye ne-Impingement Syndrome
Ukuxilongwa kwe-tendinitis kunye ne-bursitis kuqala ngembali yezonyango kunye nokuhlolwa komzimba. I-ray-ray ayibonisi i-tendon okanye i-bursae kodwa inokuba luncedo ekulawuleni ukungaqhelekanga okanye i-arthritis. Ugqirha unokususa kwaye uvavanye umthamo ovela kwindawo evuliwe ukulawula ukhuseleko. I-impingement syndrome ingaqinisekiswa xa i-injection ye-anesthetic (lidocaine hydrochloride) kwisithuba phantsi kwe-acromion iyanciphisa intlungu.
Unyango lweTendinitis, iBursitis kunye ne-Impingement Syndrome
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukunyanga le miqathango kukunciphisa intlungu kunye nokuvuvukala ngokuphumla, iqhwa, kunye namayeza anqabisayo anjengoku:
- Aspirin
- Naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn)
- Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, okanye Nuprin)
- I-COX-2 inhibitors
Kwamanye amaxesha ugqirha okanye ugqirha uya kusebenzisa i-ultrasound therapy (i-soft-wave-wave vibrations) ukufudumala izicubu ezinzulu kunye nokuphucula ukuhamba kwegazi. Ukunyanzelana ngokunyanisekileyo nokuqiniswayo kufakwa kancane kancane. Ezi zingathathwa ngaphambili okanye zilandelwe ngokusetyenziswa kwepakethi yeqho. Ukuba akukho phuculo, ugqirha angayifaka inyeza ye- corticosteroid kwisithuba phantsi kwe-acromion.
Nangona iiliti ze-steroid zonyango oluqhelekileyo, kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngokuqaphela kuba zingakhokelela ekuqhekekeni kwetoni. Ukuba akukho nto iphuculwa emva kweenyanga eziyi-6 ukuya kwezi-12, ugqirha unokuyenza i-arthroscopic okanye evuliwe ukulungisa umonakalo kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo kwi-tendon kunye ne-bursae.
Yintoni iRuff Rotator Cuff?
Omnye okanye ngaphezulu kweentsimbi ze-rotator i-tendon zingasuswa ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kakubi, ukuguga, ukuwa kwesandla eseluliweyo, okanye ukudibana. Iimidlalo ezifuna ukuphindaphindiweyo kweengalo zempembelelo okanye imisebenzi efuna ukuphakama okunzima zibeka umxube kwi-tendon kunye ne-muscle. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iintambo zomeleleyo, kodwa ukugqithwa kwenkqubo kunokukhokelela ekulileni.
Iimpawu zeTorn Rotator Cuff
Ngokuqhelekileyo, umntu onokulimala kwintsimbi yokujikeleza uvakalelwa intlungu ngenxa ye-muscle deltoid phezulu kunye nangaphandle kwecala, ingakumbi xa kuphakanyiswa ingalo okanye kwandiswe ukusuka kwicala lomzimba. Iinjongo ezinjengezo zibandakanyeka ekugqokeni ziba buhlungu. Ihlombe inokuziva ibuthathaka, ngakumbi xa izama ukuphakamisa ingalo ibe yindawo engezantsi. Umntu unokuvakalelwa okanye ukuva ukucofa okanye ukupasa xa igxalaba lishukunyiswa.
Ukuchonga i-Torn Rotator Cuff
Ubuhlungu okanye ubuthathaka kumjikelezo wangaphandle okanye wangaphakathi kwengalo kungabonisa ukulila kwi-tape ye-rotator. Isigulana sivakalelwa intlungu xa kunciphisa ingalo ukuya kwicala emva kokuba igxalaba libuyiselwe emuva kwaye ingalo iphakanyiswa.
- Ugqirha unokufumanisa ubuthathaka kodwa angenako ukuzimisela ekuhloleni kwenyama apho iinyembezi zikhona.
- I-X-ray, xa ithatyathwa, ibonakala iqhelekileyo.
- I-MRI inokukunceda ukufumanisa i-tendon yezinyembezi, kodwa ayifumananga iinyembezi .
Ukuba intlungu iyanyamalala emva kokuba ugqirha uyalimaza inani elincinci le-anesthetic kule ndawo, ukutsalwa kuyakuba khona. Ukuba akukho mpendulo kwonyango, ugqirha unokusebenzisa i-arthrogram, kunokuba i-MRI, ukuhlola indawo eyalimalayo kwaye iqinisekise ukuxilongwa.
Unyango lweTorn Rotator Cuff
Oogqirha bancoma ukuba izigulane ezinobungozi be-cuff rotter zihlalise iigxalaba zazo, zenze ubushushu okanye zibandayo kwindawo eyingozi, kwaye zithathe amachiza ekunciphiseni ubuhlungu nokuvutha.
Ezinye iindlela zonyango zingongezwa, njenge:
- Ukuvuselelwa kombane kwezihlunu kunye neentsholongwane
- Unyango lwe-ultrasound
- Injini yeCortisone kufuphi nommandla ovuthayo wekhopu yokujikeleza
Isigulane singadinga ukugqoka isigxina ngeentsuku ezimbalwa. Ukuba utyando aluyikuqwalasela ngokukhawuleza, ukunyanzeliswa kwongezwa kwiprogram yokhathaza ukwakha ukuguquguquka kunye namandla nokubuyisela umsebenzi wefayili. Ukuba akukho uphuculo olulandelayo kunye nokukhubazeka okusebenzayo kuqhubeka, ugqirha unokwenza i-arthroscopic okanye ukulungiswa okuvulekileyo kwengubo yokujikeleza .
Yithini Inqabileyo?
Njengoko igama libhekisela, ukunyakaza kwegxalaba kunqande kakhulu kubantu "abanamathele." Le meko, oogqirha ababiza ngokuba yi-capsulitis yokubambisana, ibangelwa kukulimala okubangelwa ukungabikho kokusetyenziswa ngenxa yentlungu.
Ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo seRheumatic kunye nokuhlinzwa kwangaphantsi kwangegalelo kunokubangela ukuba ihlombe eliqingqiweyo. Amaxesha angasetyenziswayo angabangela ukuvuvukala. I-Adhesions (iindidi ezingaqhelekanga zeethambo) zikhula phakathi kweendawo ezidibeneyo, ukukhawulela ukunyuswa. Kukho ukungabikho kwe-synovial fluid, ngokuqhelekileyo igcoba isithuba phakathi kwethambo lesangqa kunye nesiseko ukuze kuncedwe ukuhambelana kwamagxa. Yile ndawo ekhuselekileyo phakathi kwe-capsule kunye nebhola ye-humerus eyahlula i-capsulitis enamathela kumxhasi onzima, onzima.
Abantu abasemngciphekweni ophezulu wegxala eliqingqiweyo kubandakanya abo baneemeko ezithile kuquka:
- Sikashukela
- Stroke
- Isifo sesilwanyana
- Irheumatoid arthritis
- Isifo sentliziyo
- Abantu abasengozini
Iimeko azifaneki kubantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala.
Iimpawu Zobuncwane Bomeleleyo
Ngamahlombe aqingqiweyo, umdibaniso uqina kwaye unzima kangangokuba akunakukwazi ukuqhuba ukunyakaza okulula, njengokuphakamisa ingalo. Abantu bakhononda ukuba ukuqina nokuphazamiseka kukubuhlungu ebusuku. Ugqirha usenokukrokra ukuba isigulane sinamahlombe anqabileyo ukuba uvavanyo lomzimba lubonakalisa ukunyakaza okunyanzelekileyo. I-arthrogram ingakuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
Unyango lweNqabile eQiweyo
Unyango lwegxala eliqingqiweyo ligxile ekubuyiseleni intsebenziswano kunye nokunciphisa intlungu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, unyango luqala ngezilwanyana ezingabhubhisiyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kobushushu, kulandelwa ngokuzilolonga okunene. Ezi zetyenziswano, ezenziwa kwindlu kunye noncedo lomgqirha, zonyango olukhethiweyo.
Kwezinye iimeko, i- transcutaneous nerve stimulation stimulation (TENS) kunye neyunithi encinci eyenziwa ngebhetri ingasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa intlungu ngokuthintela impembelelo yesigulane . Ukuba le nyathelo ayiphumelelanga, ugqirha unokuncoma ukusetyenziswa kwegxala phantsi kwe-anesthesia jikelele. Ugqirha wokunciphisa ukubambezeleka kubalulekile kuphela kwezinye iimeko.
Iimpawu kunye nokuxilongwa kweSahluko sokuPhula
Ukwaphuka kubandakanya ukuhluthwa okanye ukuphela kwethambo. Ukuphuka kwithambo kudlalwa ngenxa yengozi yokulimala, njengokuwa okanye ukuvuthela ehlombe. I-fracture idla ngokuquka i-clavicle okanye intamo (indawo engezantsi ibhola) ye-humerus.
Ukuphulwa kwamagxa okwenzeka emva kokuba ukulimala kakhulu kudla ngokuhambisana nentlungu.
Ngethuba elincinci, kunokubakho ukubomvu kunye nokuqhaqhaza malunga nommandla. Ngamanye amaxesha ukuphuka kubonakala kuba amathambo avela kwindawo. Bobabini ukuxilongwa kunye nobunzima bunokuqinisekiswa ngu-x-ray.
Ukunyangwa kweNqabana yokuThatyathwa
Xa kuvela i-fracture, ugqirha uzama ukuzisa amathambo kwisithuba esiya kukhuthaza ukuphilisa nokubuyisela ukunyakaza kwengalo. Ukuba i-clavicle ichithwe, isiguli kufuneka ukuba kuqala ugqoke umtya kwaye uphonkceze kwisifuba ukugcina i-clavicle ibe khona. Emva kokususa i-strap kunye ne-sling, ugqirha uya kubeka umyalelo wokuqhelanisa i-shoulder kunye nokubuyisela ukunyakaza. Ugqirha lufuneka ngezinye izihlandlo ezithile ze-clavicle .
Ukuqhekeka kwentamo ye-humerus ngokuqhelekileyo kuphathwa ngetyunithi okanye kwi-immobilizer yamagxa. Ukuba amathambo aphelelwe isikhundla, utyando luyomfuneko ukuba ubuyiselwe kwakhona. Ukuzivocavoca nazo ziyingxenye yokubuyisela amandla kunye nehambo.
IArthritis yeNgxowa
I-arthritis isifo esibangelwa ukugqoka kunye nokugqabhuka kwe-cartilage (oko kukuthi, i- osteoarthritis ) okanye ukuvuvukala (okt, i- rheumatoid arthritis ). I-arthritis ayithinti kuphela amajoyina; inokuchaphazela izakhiwo ezixhasayo ezifana:
- imisipha
- iintambo
- ligaments
Iimpawu kunye nokuxilongwa kwe-Arthritis
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zesifo samathambo entlungu ziyaba buhlungu, ngakumbi ngokubambisana kwe-AC kunye nokunciphisa ukunyuswa kwesigxina.
Ugqirha usenokukrokrela ukuba isigulane sine-arthritis xa kukho intlungu kunye nokuvuvukala kwidibeneyo. Ukuxilongwa kungaqinisekiswa ngophando lwangaphandle kunye ne-x-ray. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kunokunceda ukufumanisa i-rheumatoid arthritis, kodwa ezinye iimvavanyo zingafuneka kwakhona. Uhlalutyo lwe-synovial fluid oluhlangeneyo luya kunceda ekuhloleni ezinye iintlobo ze-arthritis. Nangona i-arthroscopy ivumela ukuboniswa ngokuthe ngqo komonakalo kwi-cartilage, i-tendon, kunye ne-ligaments, kwaye inokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, kudlalwa kuphela xa kulungiswa inkqubo yokulungisa.
Unyango lwe-Arthritis
Ngokuqhelekileyo i-osteoarthritis yegxala iphathwa ngokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezichasayo ezingenakuvuthayo, ezifana ne:
- aspirin
- ibuprofen
- I-COX-2 inhibitors
I-rheumatoid arthritis yehlombe ingadinga unyango lomzimba kunye neyeza ezongezelelweyo, ezifana ne- corticosteroids. Xa unyango olungasebenziyo lwe-arthritis yamagxala aluhluleki ukuphucula intlungu okanye ukuphucula umsebenzi, okanye xa kunxiba kakhulu kunye nokukhawuleka kwezinto ezibangela ukuba ukhulule kwaye uphume ngaphandle kwendawo, ukutshintshwa okuhlangeneyo (arthroplasty) kunokubonelela ngeziphumo ezingcono. Kulo msebenzi, ugqirha ugqithisela inxalenye yefayili kunye nebhola yokufakelwa ngenkunzi ye-humerus kunye ne-cap (glenoid) ye-scapula.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamagxa okuqatha (apho omnye umntu ehambisa ingalo ukuze ajikeleze umxhelo wegxala) aqaliswa kungekudala emva kokuhlinzwa. Izigulisi ziqala ukuzisebenzisa ngokwabo malunga neeveki ezi-3 ukuya kwe-6 emva kokuhlinzwa. Ekugqibeleni, ukuzibandakanya okulula kunye nokomeleza kuba yinxalenye enkulu yeprogram yokuvuselela. Impumelelo yomsebenzi idla ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yexilongo ye-rotator phambi kokuhlinzwa kunye nesantya apho isigulane silandela inkqubo yovavanyo.
Imithombo:
I-NIH Yokupapashwa uNombolo 14-4865, Imibuzo neempendulo malunga neengxaki zeentloko. Epreli 2014. (ihlelwe)