Ukunyamezeka kwabantwana kuye kwenyuka eUnited States iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi, kwaye, ngokutsho kwe-American Heart Association (AHA), malunga nabantwana abathathu nabaselula banokugqithisa okanye baninzi kakhulu.
Njengoko i-AHA ibona, eli nqanaba liphantse ngokuphindwe kathathu oko kwakunjalo ngo-1963. Enyanisweni, ukukhuluphala komntwana kuye kwasongela kakhulu kwaye kuyingozi kakhulu kwimpilo yabantwana ukuba i-American Academy ye-Pediatrics (AAP) inayo yonke iwebhusayithi ezinikele ekuthintelo kwayo kunye no unyango.
Kodwa ithemba alilahlekanga. Abazali yonke indawo baya kuvuya ukuba bayazi ukuba imimandla eyahlukeneyo, ngaphezu kwe-AHA ne-AAP, kunye ne-World Health Organisation (WHO), baye bajoyina kulwaphulo lokuphelisa ukukhuluphala komntwana.
Ukubandakanya ukulwa nokukhuluphala komntwana kufuna ukuqonda iingcaciso, izizathu, unyango kunye namathuba okukhusela.
Ukunyaniseka Kwabantwana Kuchazwe Njani?
Kubantwana abaneminyaka engama-2 ukuya kwe-19 ubudala, ukukhuluphala kuchazwa ngokusebenzisa i-index mass mass (BMI). I-BMI okanye ngaphezulu kwe-95 percentile yabantwana abaneminyaka efanayo kunye nesondo ihlelwa njengobunzima. I-BMI okanye ngaphezulu kwe- 85c percentile kodwa ngaphantsi kwe-95 th percentile ithathwa njengesiqhelo esiphezulu.
Kubantwana abancinane kuneeminyaka emibili ubudala, ngoku akukho nconywa kazwelonke kunye nokuvunyelwana kwayo.
Ziziphi iingozi zempilo zobuninzi bezingane?
Kukho iingozi zempilo ezininzi ezinzulu ezinxulumene nokunyanya kwabantwana, zombini kunye nexesha elide.
Abantwana abagqithiseleyo banako ukufumana uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (umfutho wegazi ophezulu) kunye ne-high cholesterol yegazi, zombini yimiba yengozi yeesifo se-cardiovascular (isifo senhliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi, kuquka nemithambo yegazi ehambisa ingqondo).
Kwesifundo esithile, umzekelo, ubuninzi beepesenti ezingama-70 zabantwana abagqithisileyo babone ukuba ubunobungozi obuncinane besifo se-cardiovascular disease.
Abantwana abagqithiseleyo nabo banomngcipheko omkhulu wokuphuhlisa isifo sikashukela se-2 . Enyanisweni, ukunyuka kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela kubantwana kubangele ukukhathazeka kakhulu phakathi kwezonyango kuluntu, njengoko "isifo sikashukela sobuntwaneni" esasetyenziswa ukuba kubonakale nje kuphela njengesifo sikashukela se-1.
Ngoku, ngokunyuka kokukhula komntwana, kukho ukuqhuma okwenene kwiimeko zesifo sikashukela ebantwaneni. Ngenxa yokuba isifo sikashukela sinesifo esinobungozi besifo se-cardiovascular disease, oku kukunye ukugula kunye neengcungcutheko zexesha elide.
Ukongezelela, abantwana abanomdla kakhulu banokuba neengxaki zokuphefumula, ezifana ne- asthma kunye nokuphazamiseka kokuphazamiseka kokulala . Aba bantwana nabo banakho amathuba okuba neengxaki ezidibeneyo kunye nezifo zesibindi ezinamafutha ezinxulumene ne-cirrhosis kunye nomhlaza wesibindi emva kwexesha.
Ekugqibeleni, ezininzi iingcali ziqaphele ukuba, ukukhuluphala okanye ukugqithisa kakhulu kubuntwaneni kubangelwa ukukhuluphala ekukhuleni.
Yintoni Ebangelwa Ubunzima Bantwana?
Akunakwenzeka ukubonisa esinye sezizathu zobunzima bokugula komntwana. Kunoko, iindidi kunye nokudibanisa kwezinto zidlala.
Izifundo ezininzi ziye zaphanda izizathu zezinga eliphezulu eliphezulu lokunyanyisa kwabantwana-kunye nezinye izifundo eziqhubekayo. Ukuphila ubomi obuninzi kakhulu kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba kuxhaphake ezininzi kwizifundo.
Kwaye uphando lubonise ukuba abantwana ababukela ithelevishini ixesha elide ngaphezu kweyure nganye ngosuku banokuthi babe ne-index ye-mass mass (BMI) kunye nokunyuswa kwengcinezelo yegazi. Abaphandi bacebise ukuba ixesha elithile elichithwe phambi komabonwakude lidibaniswa nokukhetha okungenamsoco okukhokelela ekugqithiseni nokukhuluphala, kwaye kwandisa ingozi ye-cardiovascular.
Ukuhla kweeprogram zemfundo yenyama kunye nexesha elibekelwe umsebenzi wokwenza umsebenzi ngexesha lomyinge wesikolo eliqhelekileyo nalo liye lachaphazeleka ekukhuphukeni kwabantwana kunye nobutshanje obuselula. Ukongezelela ukukhuluphala ngokwabo, zikho izizathu ezininzi zokuthi ukuncipha kwezenzo zomzimba kubaluleke kakhulu; Amanqanaba athile omzimba omzimba afana nokwandisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo.
Ukukhetha okunesondlo sokondla kwe-calorie-dense foods nakho kwaxhunyaniswa nokukhuluphala komntwana. Izifundo ezininzi ziye zafumana ubudlelwane phakathi kweziphathamandla ezithile zokutya-ezifana nokudla iziphuzo ziselo-kunye nokunyanya. Ukutywala kweziphuzo ezinxilisayo kuye kwafumana ingqwalasela eninzi kwaye uphando luye lwabonisa ngokugqithiseleyo umbutho phakathi kokungena kunye nokukhuluphala, kokubili kubantwana nakubantu abadala. Ukongezelela, ezininzi iiklinikhi ziyabona ukuba xa abantwana banamafutha kwaye bekhuluphele belandela iziphakamiso zabo zokunciphisa okanye ukuphepha ukuthatha isiphuzo soshukela, bathemba ngokunyaniseka.
Hlalani nikhumbule ukuba uluhlu lwesiselo esiphunga ziquka zombini iziphuzo eziphathekayo kunye neziqhamo kunye neziphuzo zerisi, ezihlala zineziphuzo ezininzi ezongezelelweyo. Enyanisweni, ukungenisa iziphuzo zesoyiki kuye kwabonakala kuyingozi kakhulu kwimpilo yabantwana kunye nesona sizathu esibangela ukunyanya, ukuba izixeko ezininzi ziye zafaka iirhafu ezingaphezulu okanye izibhengezo zetyala .
Kukho nemfuza yokudlala ekuphuhliseni ukunyanya komntwana, ezininzi zazo ziphandwa ngoku okanye zifunyenwe. Ngokomzekelo, izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba i- FTO ifufti inokukwenza ukutyekela ukutya kunye nokuphuhliswa kokukhuluphala kwintsholongwane.
Ukulawula Ubunzima Bantwana
Ukuba nomntwana ufumana ukuxilongwa kokunyanya kunzima kunoma yimuphi umzali. Ukuba ukhathazekile ukuba umntwana wakho unokugqithisa okanye ukhuluphele, qiniseka ukuba uxoxe ngeenkxalabo zakho kunye nomntwana wengane yakho kwaye ucele uncedo. Baya kunika izicwangciso ezinokukhokelela ekulahlekeni kwesisindo kwaye ezifanele umntwana wakho kunye nemeko yakho.
Ukuba umntwana wakho unikwe ukuxilongwa kokunyanya, ungasebenzisana naye ngendlela enhle yokwenza umsebenzi wemihla ngemihla ube mnandi-ngakumbi xa engenawo umgangatho wemfundo esikolweni-nokukhuthaza ukutya okunempilo imikhwa. (Oku kuquka ukuthabatha amanyathelo okukhuthaza imikhuba enempilo kwieholide eziqhelekileyo ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kweswekile, njengeHalloween kunye nePasika, kwaye yenza kube yinto ephambili yokutya ekhaya rhoqo.)
Musa ukunciphisa amandla okutya ukutya okuphekwe ekhaya ngokujikeleza kwitheyibhile yentsapho. Akukuphela nje oku kukukhuthaza ixesha elihle kunye nabantwana bakho, kodwa izifundo zibonise ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba zininzi iinzuzo zezempilo ezifunyanwa ngokutya ekhaya.
Ngokomzekelo, kwiphononongo evezwe kwintlanganiso ye-AHA ye-2015 e-Orlando, abaphandi abakhokelwa yiGeng Zong, i-PhD, abanye abaphanda kwi-Harvard TH Chan School yezeMpilo kaRhulumente eBoston, bafumanisa ukuba abantu abadla ukutya abaphakathi kweminyaka eyi-11 kuya kwe-14 Iidlo ezilungiselelwe ekhaya nganye ngeveki zineengcipheko eziphantsi kwe-13 ezikhuselekileyo zokukhula ukunyanya nokunyusa i-2 yesifo sikashukela xa kuthelekiswa nalabo badla i-zero ukuya ezintandathu zenyanga ezilungiselelwe ikhaya kunye nezidlo.
Ezinye izifundo ziye zaxhuma ukutya ngaphandle kwendlu, ngokukodwa ukutya okukhawuleza, ukugqithisa nokugqithisa kwabantwana kunye nabantu abadala. Ngokweengxelo ezikhishwe ngamaziko e-US for Control and Prevention (CDC) ye-US, ngokusekelwe kwidatha evela kwi-National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), ngaphezu kwengxenye yesithathu yabantwana kunye nabaselula bayadla ukutya okukhawulezayo kunanoma yimaphi na imini.
Njengoko i-CDC iphawula, "Ukusetyenziswa kokutya okukhawulezayo kuye kwaxhunyaniswa nokuzuza ubunzima kubantu abadala." Ukukhetha okungondleki kokutya kunye ne-calorie-dense foods nakho kudibene nokukhuluphala komntwana. Ukongezelela, ukutya okukhawulezayo kuyaziwa ngokuba neoli ephezulu ye-sodium neyozaliswayo, engakhokelela kwingcinezelo ephezulu yegazi kunye nesifo senhliziyo emva kwexesha.
Ngokwahlukileyo, ukutya okuphekwe ekhaya kusoloko kunomgangatho ophezulu wokutya kunye namafutha amaninzi amaninzi kunye namafutha. Uhlalutyo olulodwa lwabathathi-nxaxheba abangaba ngu-10 000 kwi-NHANES ukususela ngo-2007 ukuya ku-2010, abaphandi baphetha ngelithi "ukupheka ukutya rhoqo ekhaya kukudibanisa nokusetyenziswa kokutya okunempilo nokuba akukho mntu uzama ukunciphisa umzimba."
Uninzi lwezonyango lufumaneka ngoku ukukhuluphala. Ukongeza kwiinguqu zendlela yokuphila, ezi ziquka imishanguzo yokuphuza ukugqithisa kunye ne-bariatric (ukunyuka kwe-weight loss). Nangona ukuguquka kwendlela yokuphila, njengokutya nokuzivocavoca, kukho unyango lokuqala kumntu wonke, oku kubaluleke kakhulu kubantwana. Abantwana banokufumana iimiphumo ezinkulu ezivela kumachiza okanye kunyango olongezelelweyo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngawo onke amathuba kunye nezindlela ezingcono kakhulu kumntwana wakho kunye nezingane zabo.
ILizwi
Hlalani nikhumbula ukuba ukunyamezeka kuyaphathiswa kwaye, xa kunikwa inani labantwana kwilizwe lonke nakwihlabathi eliye lafunyaniswa ukuba likhulu kunene okanye ukukhuluphala, ngokuqinisekileyo awukho yedwa ekulwa kwakho.
Nangona kuya kuthatha ukuzinikezela kunye nomonde ukubeka indawo kwaye unamathele kwisicwangciso sokunceda umntwana wakho abhekane naye kwaye ekugqibeleni anqobe ukukhuluphala, uya kuhlawula kakhulu ixesha elide, ukubeka ikhosi yexesha elizayo, elifanelekileyo lempilo yengane yakho.
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