Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kuyingozi enkulu yokwenza isifo, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kudibaniswa nokubethelwa kwabaselula abangenazo iingxaki zempilo eziqhelekileyo ezibangela ukubetha. Kodwa akubona zonke iziyobisi ezinempembelelo efanayo nangengozi yokuphazamiseka, kwaye iziyobisi ezahlukeneyo zichaphazela umzimba ngokwahlukileyo.
Ezinye iziyobisi zingabangela ukubetha ngokuzenzekelayo imithwalo yegazi kwingqondo xa abanye bebangela ukuphazamiseka ngokungathanga ngqo, ngokuphazamisa ezinye izitho zomzimba - njengeentliziyo, iintso okanye isibindi.
Iziyobisi eziqhelekileyo zokusetyenziswa gadalala ezaziwa ngokunyusa umngcipheko wokubetha ziquka utywala, i-cocaine, i-amphetamines kunye ne-heroin.
Utywala
Nangona iwayini elibomvu kwixabiso elilinganayo lingakukhusela ekubeni unomdla , ukuxiliswa kotywala okunzima kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba unxephezelo.
Ukusetyenziswa kotywala kakhulu ixesha elide kunokunyusa umngcipheko wesifo. Umphumo obalaseleyo wokusetyenziswa kotywala obunzima ngumngcipheko ophakamileyo ophakanyisiweyo wokushaya isifo esiqhekezayo , esiluhlobo olunobungozi oluthile olubhekiselele ekuphumeni kwegazi kwingqondo.
Umngcipheko ophezulu wokuba uhlangothi oluthi unxulumene nokudakwa ngokweqile kubonakala kubangelwa ukudibanisa kwengcinezelo yegazi kunye nokukhubazeka kwamandla omzimba omzimba. Enye yeendlela utywala obuphazamisa ngayo ukunqandwa kwegazi kukulimaza isibindi. Isibindi senza iiprotheni eziyimfuneko zokuthintela ukuphuma kwegazi. Xa isibindi singenako ngokwaneleyo ukwenza ezi proteins ezibalulekileyo, ukuphuma kwegazi ngokugqithisileyo kunokwenzeka naphi na apho emzimbeni, kubandakanya ingqondo.
ICocaine
Kukho ubudlelwane phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwe-cocaine kunye nesifo. I-Cocaine ingabangela ukubetha ngokukhawuleza ngexesha okanye emva nje kokusetyenziswa. Ukongezelela, ukusebenzisa ixesha elide ukusetyenziswa kwe-cocaine kunokudala isifo se-cerebrovascular over time, kwandisa kakhulu umngcipheko we-stroke, kwanabanye abatsha abasempilo abangenayo eminye imiba yengozi.
Iindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu ekusebenziseni i-cocaine kwandisa umngcipheko wokubetha kubandakanya oku kulandelayo:
- Ngokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza nokunyuka kwengcinezelo yegazi kwaye kubangele ukuphuma kwegazi kwingqondo
- Ngokubangela ukugqithisa okanye ngokukhawuleza kwemida yegazi kwingqondo
- Ukuba isetyenziswe kwifomu yayo ebizwa ngokuba yi-crack cocaine, yandisa umngcipheko wezilwanyana ezinzulu kwiintsimbi zentliziyo. Olu hlobo lweentsholongwane zentliziyo, olubizwa ngokuba yi-endocarditis, luphakathi kweemeko ezininzi zeentliziyo ezingakhokelela ekubetheni.
Heroin
IHerin isigxina somlutha esetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo. Ngokufana ne-cocaine e-intravenous, i-heroin ene-intravenous yandisa umngcipheko we-endocarditis , imeko apho ibhaktheriya ingena egazini kwaye ikhule phezu kweentsimbi zeentliziyo. Iziqu ezincinci zale bhaktheriya, ezibizwa ngokuba yi- septic emboli, zingashiya intliziyo, zihambe ukuya kwingqondo kwaye zivimba umkhumbi wegazi kwingqondo, ezibangela ukubetha. Ngenxa yokuba i-heroin ijojowe, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwandisa ingozi yezifo ezingenakwenzeka ngokukwabelana ngezilingo ezifana ne-HIV kunye nesifo se-hepatitis C.
I-heroin overdose inokubangela ukuphefumula okungonelanelekanga, ukuthintela oksijini ngokwaneleyo ekufikeleleni emzimbeni. Ngexesha le-oksijeni ephantsi kakhulu, umntu unokufumana ubunzima bokungabikho kwimoya ye-oxygen engqondweni , nangona ukuba uvuselelekile kwaye uphila ngokugqithiseleyo.
Amphetamines
Kukho iingxelo ezininzi ezibhalisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-amphetamine kwiiyure ngaphambi kokuba kuqhutywe i-stroke enkulu, kwanababantu abancinci abasempilo ngaphandle kweengxaki zobungozi.
Ama-Amphetamines afana ne-methamphetamine anakho amandla amakhulu okuvelisa ingcinezelo ephezulu ngokukhawuleza kunye negazi. Njengokuba uxinzelelo lwegazi luyinani elilodwa lomngcipheko wokubetha, akumangalisi ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-amphetamine kunokunyusa umngcipheko womntu wokuhlaselwa. Njengoko i-cocaine, ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide le-methamphetamine kwandisa ingozi yokuphazamiseka ngokubangela ukusebenza okungavumelekanga kwimithambo yegazi yengqondo, ngelixa liphazamisa umzimba wonke.
Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elifutshane le-methamphetamine kunokubangela ukuphazamiseka ngokukhawuleza ngexesha okanye emva kokusetyenziswa, ngokuyininzi ngenxa yenguqu ephawuleza kwingcinezelo yegazi kunye nomsebenzi wentliziyo owenziwe yi-methamphetamine emzimbeni.
Ezinye iziyobisi eziye zaxhamla kwiintonga
- I-Phencyclidine (i-PCP): eli liza liyaziwa nangokuthi uthuli lengelosi
- I-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
- Herbal viagra
- Marijuana
- Cigarettes
- Ezinye iziphuzo zamandla - xa zithengwa kwixabiso eliphezulu kakhulu
ILizwi
I-stroke ibangelwa yimingxaki yexesha elide lempilo eyakhayo phezu kwexesha, eyonakalisa imithana yegazi kunye nokwandisa amathuba okuba negazi legazi okanye igalelo engqondweni. Iziyobisi zokuzonwabisa zokuxhaphaza zingavelisa iziphumo ezizenzekelayo kwaye zibuhlungu emzimbeni, kubangele imiphumo eyahlukileyo yempilo. I-stroke enye yemiphumo.
Ukubuyiswa kwintlungu ebangelwa ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa kuyafana nenkqubo yokubuyiselwa kwintlungu ebangelwa nayiphi na esinye isifo-oku kuquka ukuvuselelwa nokunciphisa ingozi ye-stroke. Xa ukubetha kubangelwa ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokubangela umngcipheko kugxininise ekupheliseni ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye nokubuyisela umlutha, ophumelele kwaye uhlala ixesha elide kwisimo sobugcisa. Ulutsha luyakwazi ukufumana isifo esiqhathaniswa nokusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa, kwaye ukubuyiswa kunokuba luhle kakhulu ngenxa yempilo ebanzi yabaninzi abasindayo.
> Ukufunda okuqhubekayo:
Ukuphononongwa ngokuchanekileyo kweziganeko ezimbi ezivela ekusebenziseni i-cannabinoids yokudibanisa kunye nonyango lwabo oluhambelanayo, u-Tait RJ, uCaldicott D, iNtaba D, i-Hill SL, uLenton S, i-Toxicol Clinic (Phila). 2016; 54 (1)
> I-stroke kunye ne-methamphetamine esebenzayo kubantu abadala: ukuhlaziywa, i-Lappin JM, iDarke S, Farrell M, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Ngo-2017 Dec; 88 (12): 1079-1091. i-doi: 10.1136 / jnnp-2017-316071. Epub 2017 Aug 23.