Njengoko izinga lokusasaza umdlavuza liphucula, imiphumo emfutshane yonyango lomhlaza iya kuba ibaluleke kakhulu. Ezi zimpawu, okungenani enye yazo ikhona ngaphezu kwesigamu sabasindileyo bomhlaza, baye bafumana ingqwalasela engaphantsi kwangoko, njengoko kugxininiswe ekunyangeni, kwaye sinethemba lokunyanga, kwesi sifo. Le miqathango ingaphikelela kunye / okanye iphakanyiswe iinyanga, iminyaka, kunye nangamashumi eminyaka emva kokunyanga, kwaye ingancipha kakhulu umgangatho wobomi kubantu abaye basinda kumhlaza.
Ukususela ngowe-1970 kuye kwanda ukunyuka kwama-3 kwinani labasindile bomdlavuza abahlala eUnited States, balinganiselwa kuma-13 500,000 abasindileyo e-United States ngo-2012, kunye nabangama-30 abasinda kwihlabathi jikelele. EUnited States, iipesenti ezi-3 zabantu abadala baye basinda kumhlaza iminyaka emihlanu okanye ngaphezulu.
Ukuba uyazibuza ukuba uyayifumana inkcazo yomdlavuza osindayo, umntu osindayo uchazwa njengomntu oye wafumanisa ukuba unomdlavuza ukususela ngosuku lokuxilongwa nokuqhubeka ngokuqhubekayo kobomi babo. Ziziphi ezinye zezi mpawu kunye neemeko, kwaye luncedo luni olukhoyo?
Isifo sentliziyo
Isifo senhliziyo sisisusa esibangeleyo sokugula nokufa phakathi kwabasindileyo bomhlaza. Eli nqaku lijolise kubantu abadala abaphathwe ngumhlaza, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba abantu baphathwa ngumhlaza njengabantwana okanye abaselula banamaxesha angama-8 ukuba banesifo senhliziyo kunabantu abaneminyaka engatshatanga.
Amanyango amaninzi emdlavuza angadlulela kwisifo senhliziyo, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo abantu abanomdlavuza bafumana ezimbalwa zezi zonyango zidibeneyo. Ezinye zezizathu eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya:
- Iziyobisi ze-Chemotherapy, ngakumbi iziyobisi ezifana ne- Adriamycin (doxorubicin).
- Ukuphuza imitha kwisifuba-umzekelo ngomhlaza wamaphaphu, umdlavuza webele we-left side kunye ne-lymphomas.
- Ulwaphulo olulindelekileyo olunjenge-antibodies ezisetyenziselwa ngumhlaza wesisu njengoHerceptin.
Ionyango zonyango zingathintela intliziyo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kwaye zibangele kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye zezi ziquka:
I-Cardiomyopathy - I-Cardiomyopathy (ubuthathaka bentliziyo yesisu) ekhokelela ekusileleni kwintliziyo yinto echaphazelekayo yempembelelo yomzimba yonyango lomhlaza . Imithi ye-Chemotherapy, ngokukodwa iziyobisi ezifana ne-Adriamycin (doxorubicin) kunye ne-Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide) aziqhelaniseki ngokungaqhelekanga nentliziyo. Ukuba uphathwe ngamachiza kulezi zigaba, i-oncologist yakho inokuyalela i- echocardiogram ukuba ihlolwe iqhekeza lakho le- cardiac ejection ngaphambi kokuqala i-chemotherapy.
Umsila kwisifuba, umzekelo wesifo sikaHodgkin, umhlaza wesifuba esisekhohlo, okanye umdlavuza wamaphaphu, esinye isizathu esibalulekileyo sesifo senhliziyo. Uphando olupapashwe ngo-2007 lucebise ukuba iipesenti ezi-10 ukuya kwe-30 zabantu abaphathwa ngeemeko zesibindi ziyakwazi ukufumana isifo senhliziyo kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo. Olu phofu ludinga ukutolika ngokulumkisa, nangona kunjalo, njengendlela yamathambo emitsha (iindlela zokwehliswa kwentliziyo) ezinciphisa i-radiation entliziyweni ziye zaphuhliswa ukususela ngelo xesha.
Oko kwathiwa, ukuhluleka kwentliziyo kunokuqala ngokubonakalisa iimpawu ezingacacanga ezifana nokukhathala, ukwehla ngokunyamezela, ukuvuvukala emilenzeni, okanye ukuphefumula okufutshane kunye nomsebenzi.
Ukuba ufumene la mayeza okanye ufumane unyango lwe-radiation esifubeni sakho, cela i-oncologist yakho ukuba ingacebisa unxibelelwano lwenhliziyo. Amanye amaziko omhlaza ngoku anenkqubo ye-cardio-oncology ukujongana nale nkxalabo, ngakumbi ukuba unembali yentsapho okanye yentsapho yesifo senhliziyo, okanye ezinye izifo zentliziyo yesifo sikashukela. Kwaye, nokuba ucinga ukuba iimpawu zakho azikho nto, kuhlale kukulungele ukukhuseleka kunokuba uxolo xa kufike entliziyweni yakho.
I-Coronary artery disease - Ezinye izifo zonyango zingonakalisa umbane weenqanawa zentliziyo ezenza isifo senhliziyo esingafiki. Njengoko kuphawuliwe ngasentla, oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kubantwana, abaselula kunye nabasindileyo abasakhulayo.
IArrhythmias - Ionyango zonyango zingonakalisa "inkqubo yombane" yentliziyo eyenza iinqununu zentliziyo ezingavamile (i- arrhythmias ). Ukuba ufumana ubunwele obukhanyayo, iipilpitations, okanye uzive ngathi intliziyo yakho ibetha ngokukhawuleza okanye endaweni yokugijima, qiniseka ukuba ugqirha ugqirha wakho.
Ukukhathala
Nangona kungekhona njengentsholongwane efana nesifo senhliziyo, ukukhathala komhlaza yinto ebonakalayo yinto echaphazelekayo echaphazela uninzi lwabalondolozo bomhlaza. Ukongeza kwimiba yobomi, ukukhathala kungabangela umngcipheko wokuphila okuphantsi. Ukukhathala komhlaza kunzima ukuqonda ukuba awuzange uzibonele; akusilo uhlobo lokukhathala okungaxinwa ngobusuku obuhle bokuphumla okanye indebe yekhofi. Ukuxhatshazwa nabathandekayo kunokuhlakulela njengoko abahlobo kunye nosapho bakho balindela ukuba ubuyele kumntu ongaphambi komhlaza emva kokunyanga. Ukuba ufumanisa oku kuphazamisayo, awuyedwa. Hlola ezi ngcebiso zokujongana nokukhathala okuhlobene nomhlaza , kwaye bhetele, phrinta le nqaku uze uyinike kwiintsapho kunye nabahlobo "abangayifumani."
Kodwa kuqala, ncokola kakuhle nodokotela wakho. Kukho izizathu ezibangela ukukhathala okubangelwa unyango lomhlaza onokunyangwa. Omnye umzekelo ukukhulelwa kwexesha elide emva kwekhemotherapy . Omnye umzekelo utshintsho lwe-hormone. Ukunyanga kwamayeza kwintloko nentamo kungabangela izinga eliphantsi le-hormone ye-thyroid ( hypothyroidism ) engabangela okanye igalelo ekukhathala ngaphezu kokubangela ezinye iimpawu. Ngokuchasene ne-hypothyroidism, i-chemotherapy ingakhokelela ekubeni i- hyperthyroidism (i-thyroid engasebenzi kakhulu) enokubangela ukulahleka kwesisindo, ukuxhalabisa nokuxhalabisa okunokuba nzima.
Kukho ezinye ezininzi izizathu zokukhathala emva kwonyango lomhlaza, ezinye zonyango, ezinye ezingekho, kodwa ugqirha uya kukwazi ukuba akuhlolisise kwaye ahlele imvavanyo efunekayo ukuba uthetha. Ukuba unomnqweno omkhulu wokugubungela intloko yakho ngomlotho xa i-alarm yakho ivakalisa ekuseni, xela ugqirha wakho.
Ukungabikho
Ukuqhaqhaqhaqhaqhelo kuyaxhaphaka phakathi kwabasindileyo bomhlaza kwaye kaninzi kuqhubeka iminyaka engaphezulu kweyeza. Nangona le ngxaki ibonakala iyincinci kwabanye, ukungapheliyo okungapheliyo kunokunciphisa kuphela umgangatho wobomi kodwa kuphakamisa umngcipheko weengxaki ezingokwenyama nezingokwengqondo. Uphando lufumene ukuba unyango lokuziphatha ngokungahambi kakuhle (CBTI) lunokuphucula kakhulu le mpawu kubantu abaninzi abanomdlavuza.
I-Peripheral Neuropathy
I-peripheral neuropathy- isisindo seentsholongwane ezikhokelela kwiingalo nasemilenzeni esoloko ihlala isigxina-yinto ephazamisayo kakhulu yempembelelo yonyango lomhlaza. Le meko ichaphazela malunga nesithathu sabantu abanomhlaza, kwaye iziganeko zayo ziyanda. Iimpawu zingabandakanya ukuphazamiseka, ukubetha, "izikhonkwane kunye neenaliti" ubuhlungu kunye nokunyanzelana okubandayo kufumaneke kwi-"stocking-and-glove" distribution. Ukuvakala kokunciphisa kwezandla kunye neenyawo kunokuphazamisa imisebenzi elula njengengqamlezo, okanye ubunzima bokubeka iinyawo zakho, okubangelwa ukuwa. Uninzi lwamachiza e-chemotherapy lunokubangela i-neuropathy, kodwa ixhaphaka ngokuqhelekileyo ngezilwanyana ezinjengePlatinol (cisplatin) kunye ne-Taxol (paclitaxel). Uphulo luhlala luquka ukusetyenziswa kwamachiza anjengeengqungquthela ze-gels, izidakamizwa ze-antiepileptic, imishanguzo yokuxhatshazwa kwamanye amayeza, kunye namaxesha amachiza amayeza enkathazo. Ezinye iindlela zokwelapha, ezifana nokusilalisa umzimba , ukukhupha umzimba , kunye nomfanekiso okhokelwayo unokubonelela ngokukhululeka kwabanye abantu. Uphando luqhubeka lukhangele iindlela zokuthintela i-neuropathy ukuba yenzeke ngexesha le-chemotherapy.
Ukungabikho kwengqondo
Ngokugqithiseleyo baqulethe "i- chemobrain ," imingeni engqondweni yokulandela i-chemotherapy iye yaqwalaselwa kwiminyaka yamuva. Iimpawu ezinjengobunzima bokuxubusha ezininzi kunye nobunzima bokugxininisa kungaqala ngexesha le-chemotherapy kwaye liqhubeke iminyaka okanye iminyaka. Ukunyanga kwamayeza emakhanda nasentanyeni kwimisamo yomhlaza kunye nentamo, izicubu zeengqondo, i-metastases yengqondo kunye ne- prophylactic irradiation irradiation (i-PCI) (esetyenziselwa abanye abantu abane-cancer). Kwabanye abantu, ukuzama ukugxila kumsebenzi omnye ngexesha, ukugcina uluhlu lokuhlawula izikhalazo zeememori, nokwenza "ubuchopho bokuzivocavoca" njengokuba i-sudoku ingaba luncedo. Kwabanye, ukubonisana ne-neurologist okanye i-psychologist kunokucetyiswa xa iimpawu ziphazamisa ubomi bemihla ngemihla.
Uxinzelelo lwengqondo emva koxinzelelo
Ingxaki yokuxinwa kwengxaki emveni kokugulisa izigulane ngumhlaza omnye umqathango osandul Lo mqathango, owaziwa ngokugqithiseleyo njengokuba kwenzeka phakathi kwalabo abaye babhalwa yimfazwe, okanye amaxhoba okudlwengulwa, umzekelo, ukholelwa ukuba ukhona kwi-35 pesenti yezigulane ezilandelayo unyango. Unyango lwe-PTSD lunokubandakanya iindlela ezininzi, kodwa inyathelo elibaluleke kakhulu kukukuqonda le meko imeko engaphaya kwayo.
Ukuxhalabisa
Ngoxa uxinezeleko aluqhelekanga kubantu abasinda kumdlavuza kunabo abangazange bafumane umhlaza, ukuxhalaba yingxaki ebalulekileyo. Olunye uphando olujongene nabasindileyo abangama-50 000 lomdlavuza lufumene ukuba iipesenti ezili-18 zala bantu zixhalabile emva kokugqitywa kwonyango. Le nkxalabo ayizange ibonakale iyancipha ngexesha, yaye, ngokwenene, abo babeneminyaka eli-10 okanye ngaphezulu ekunyanga babenomlinganiselo ophezulu wokuxhalabisa. Ukwesaba ukuphindaphindwa komhlaza yindlela enye yokuxhalaba eninzi kakhulu, ukuba akunjalo bonke abasinda kumhlaza abanamava ngamaxesha ngamaxesha.
Ukuba ufumanisa ukuba uxhalaba luya kukukhathaza, xela nodokotela wakho. Le mpawu ayithethi ukuba uyayifuna imithi yonyango, kwaye ngokuchaseneyo, ezinye iindlela zokwelapha ezinjenge-acupuncture, massage, ukuphefumula, kunye nekiso ekhokelwayo, kunokukunceda ukuba ujamelane nale mpawu ngelixa uzuzisa wena ngokubanzi.
Ukungenzi lutho
Ukukhathazeka malunga nokuzala kungabonakala xa kuqhathaniswa nokuxilongwa komhlaza kodwa kukhathazeka ngokwenene kubantu abaselula abanomdlavuza. Ezi nqaku zixoxa ngendlela unyango lomhlaza olunokuchaphazela ngayo ukwanda kwamadoda nabasetyhini.
Osteoporosis
Uninzi lwe-chemotherapy kunye nokunyanga kwama-hormonal lungakhokelela ekulahlekeni kwethambo. Oku, kungakhokelela ekuveleni. Kubalulekile ukuthetha nodokotela wakho malunga nokulinganisa ubukhulu beethambo xa le nto ingazange yenziwe, kunye nokujonga izinga lakho levithamini D, njengokuba u- vitamin D ukusilela kunokukhokelela ekutheni u-osteoporosis kunye nezinye iimeko. Ukongezelela, uphando oluthile luchaza ukuba kwezinye i-cancer zengozi yokuphindaphinda ingancipha kubantu abanevithamini D.
Ukungasebenzi kwezesondo
Ukungasebenzi kakubi ngokwesondo kuyinto eqhelekileyo, kunye neengxaki ezilinganayo kubantu abaye basinda kumhlaza. I-Cancer ingabangela utshintsho olwenziwe ngokomzimba kunye ne-hormonal oluye lunqanda umdlalo wesondo, kwaye ngokwenene, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo edlala kulezi zinguqu zenyama. Eli nqaku ekukhuthazeni ubulili bakho ngexesha lotyando lomhlaza lixoxa ngezinye zezizathu, kunye neengcebiso zokuphucula ubulili bakho emva kokunyanga ongeke uwele ingqondo yakho.
Cancer
Uninzi lwemithi yomhlaza lusetyenziswe ukulimaza i-DNA yamaseli ukwenzela ukuba kubangele ukufa kweeseli zomhlaza. Ngelishwa, iiseli eziqhelekileyo zihlala zichaphazelekayo kwinkqubo, enokubangela ukuphuhliswa komhlaza iminyaka kunye namashumi eminyaka kamva. I-Chemotherapy, ngokukodwa iziyobisi ezifana ne-alkylating agents, umzekelo, i-Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide,), i-topoisomerase inhibitors (umzekelo, i-Etoposide) kunye ne-anthracycline agents (umzekelo, i-Adriamycin (doxorubicin) ingaba yingozi enkulu yeekliniki zesibini. Kubalulekile ukuba ugcine ingqalelo ukuba umngcipheko wale mdlavuza udla ngokuthelekiswa kunye neenzuzo zonyango ekwelapheni umdlavuza oyintloko.
Ezinye iziphumo eziPhambili
Ionyango zonyango zingathintela phantse nawuphi na ummandla okanye inxalenye yomzimba emzimbeni. I-Lymphedema , umonakalo wezintso, i-pulmonary fibrosis, ukubola kwezinyo, ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe, kunye ne-cataracts, ukubiza nje izinto ezimbalwa ezixhalabileyo, zixhaphake kakhulu kulabo abaye basinda komhlaza kunabo bonke abantu.
Ukuba ngummeli emva kokuba unyango
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba i-oncologists kunye namagqirha okunyamekela okuphambili asebenzisane kunye nokwenza utshintsho olugqithiseleyo lwabasindisi bomhlaza. Abaninzi be-oncologists basebenza nezigulane zabo ukugqiba "isicwangciso sokunyamekela" esichazela ulwazi olulandelelweyo, iimpawu zokubukela, kunye nolunye ulwazi lwabasindayo abaya phambili. Ukuba awunaso isicwangciso sokunakekelwa kwabasindileyo, cela i-oncologist yakho ukuba isebenze nawe ukugqiba enye. Nasi umzekelo wethemplate yecwangciso lokunyamekela eliphuhliswe yi-Minnesota Care Alliance , ayikwazi ukugxininiswa ngokwaneleyo ukuba kubaluleke kangakanani ukuba kukho iikopi zerekodi zonyango esandleni sakho ukuba uhambe nawe.
Ekubeni umxholo "wokusinda komhlaza" usanda kutsha, abaninzi abasindwa ngumhlaza bafumana bewela phakathi kweentluko emva kokunyanga. Ngaphezulu kweyodwa ndivile ukuba umntu wayexothwa yi-oncologist, ewashiya enomvakalelo wokuba bafanele bababonge ukuba basinda. Kodwa njengoko kuphawuliwe ngasentla, uninzi lwabantu abaye basinda kumdlavuza banemivuzo engapheliyo. Kubalulekile ukuba nayiphi na imiba oye yajongiswa nayo, kodwa indlela yodwa abaqeqeshi bezokwelapha bayazi malunga nenkxalabo yakho ukuba uthetha.
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