Ukuxolelwa ngokusemthethweni komhlaza kuchazwa nje ngokuba ukuxolelwa komhlaza ngaphandle kwonyango, okanye unyango olungenakulindelwa ukuba lube negalelo ekunciphiseni. Ukuxolelwa ngokukhawuleza kunokuthatha inxenye okanye kupheleleyo kwaye kunokuthi ibe yesikhashana okanye isigxina.
Eyaziwa nangokuthi "i-tumor Steregrine's tumor," umdlavuza uye wachazwa ngamanye amaxesha ngokungafihlakeleyo ngokugqithisileyo kangangeminyaka emininzi.
UPergrine uLaziozi wayengumbingeleli wenkulungwane yeshumi elinesine nomdlavuza (mhlawumbi ithambo lomzimba wakhe we-tibia) owayengumdlavuza wanyamalala emva kokuba wayecwangciselwe ukutshatyalaliswa komlenze onalo isisu. Umhlaza wawunqabile-kwakungabikho mqondiso wesifo.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, i-misdiagnosis inokuba yenziwe ngekhulu le-13, kodwa ngekhulu lama-21, sinokungqina okungaqinisekiyo ukuba ukuxazulula ngokukhawuleza kwenzeka ngezinye izikhathi.
Ziba Zihlandlo Kangakanani
Nangona siye saqhawula ngokucacileyo amatyala okudandatheka, kulukhuni ukwazi ukuba le nto ibonakala ngayo. Siyazi ukuba ayinqabile, kunye nezifundo ezingaphezu kwewaka kwiincwadi. Ukongezelela kwezo zifundo ezibonisa umhlaza ohamba ngaphandle kwonyango, akucaci ukuba kaninzi umhlaza usenza njani ngaphandle kwonyango okanye ubuncinci behlise ngobukhulu nangona unyango.
Abanye baye baqikelela ukuba iziganeko zibe zi-1 kwabangama-100,000 abantu, kodwa kunzima ukwazi ukuba le nombolo ikhona kwi-ballpark.
Kubonakala ngathi ixhaphake kunye nezinye izicubu kunokuba abanye, kunye nokunyanzeliswa ngokukhawuleza kweengcingo ezinxulumene negazi ezifana ne-lymphoma, kunye neengcingo zesikhumba ezinjenge-melanoma ezixelwa ngokuqhelekileyo.
Nangona uphando oluninzi lokuxoxwa ngokukhawuleza lubheka emva kwexesha ukuzama ukucaca ukuba kutheni umdlavuza usuke uhambe, uphando olulindeleke ngo-2008 luye lwaphakamisa ukuba ukuxolelwa ngokukhawuleza kufana kakhulu kunokuba sicinga.
Kule sifundo ekhangele ukujonga i-mammography, kwafunyaniswa ukuba ezinye iintsholongwane zentsholongwane ezingabonakaliyo zifunyenwe yi-mammogram ngokukhawuleza. Olu pho nonongo lupapashwe kwi- Archives of Internal Medicine lucatshangelwe ukuba iipesenti ezingama-22 zeengxube zengxube ezingenayo zihamba ngaphandle kwonyango. Ekubeni ezi zihlamba zazingabonakali-abafazi babengazange bazive-bebengenayo nayiphi na indlela yokuba bazi ukuba banomdlavuza ongenawo umonakalo. Ekubeni kuninzi umdlavuza ongasenayo iindlela zokucoca, kungenzeka ukuba umhlaza wesifo sangaphambili usenokuvela-kwaye uyahamba phambi kokuba uhlolwe-ngokuqhelekileyo kunokuba sicinga.
Izizathu
Asiqinisekanga ngokupheleleyo ukuba yintoni i-molecular isonto phantsi kohlengahlengiso lomhlaza. Iingcamango zishicilelwe eziye zafaka iindidi ngezizathu zokomoya ezibangelwa zizifo. Oko kwathiwa, i-immunologic basis inokuqonda.
I-Infection & System Immune System
Ukujonga abantu abaye baxolelwa ngokukhawuleza kweekhansela zabo, ngokukhawuleza baqaphele ukuba uninzi lwezi rejista zidibaniswa nokusuleleka kwintsholongwane. Izifo zivame ukuphumela ekubeni ngumkhuhlane kunye nokuvuselelwa kwe-immune system.
Siyazi ukuba amajoni ethu omzimba anokukwazi ukulwa nomhlaza.
Oko kukuthi, ngokwenene, ingcamango emva kwe-immunotherapy. Imithi ye-Immunotherapy , ngelixa isesisebuntwaneni, ibangele ukukhutshwa komdlavuza kubantu abathile, kwinqanaba eliphambili lomhlaza. Ezi zi yobisi zisebenza ngezindlela ezahlukeneyo, kodwa umxholo oqhelekileyo kukuba ziyakuthuthukisa amandla ethu omzimba wokulwa nomdlavuza.
Izifo eziye zahlanganiswa nokuxolelwa ngokukhawuleza ziquka i-diphtheria, imasel, i-hepatitis, i-gonorrhea, i-malaria, i-smallpox, i-syphilis, nesifo sofuba.
Iimpawu zoMonde
Okumangalisa kukuba, nangona uphando lwamaxesha angamawaka eencwadi, alukho uphando oluninzi olubhekisele kwizinto ezibangelwa ukuxolelwa ngaphandle ngaphandle kokubambisana nosulelo.
Okokuthi, ngaphandle kwe-oncologist eyodwa kunye nomfundi waseHarvard owapapasha incwadi ethi "Ukuxoshwa ngokukhawuleza: Ukusinda kwiCancer Against All Odds , " ekhangele abantu abanomdlavuza abanemiphumo engcono kunokuba babeza kuxelwa.
Impendulo yintoni eyenza isiguli esisodwa asilula. Azikho amanyathelo acacileyo, umzekelo, ukuba abantu banokuyilandela. Kwaye akubonakali ukuba iboshwe ekuzameni unyango olutsha lwamanyathelo. Into engamangalisiyo yintoni enye yolu cwaningo efunyenwe-iimpawu zabantu abaye baxolelwa ngokukhawuleza.
Esinye isiqalo esisisiseko sinxulumene-into efunyenwe ngokucacileyo yokwenza umehluko kumgangatho wobomi, ubuncinci, kwabo banomdlavuza. Oku kwakuquka ukudibanisa kuThixo (okanye amandla angaphezulu), ngokwabo, entsapho kunye nabahlobo, oogqirha kunye nabahlengikazi, kunye nezinye izigulane. Ngokuqinisekileyo ukuthatha inxaxheba kwingingqi yokuxhaswa ngumhlaza kuye kwabanceda abantu abaninzi ukuba bajamelane nemibandela yemoya kunye nokwahlukana kokuphila nomhlaza. Akukho nto ifana nokuthetha nomntu oye wahlala khona. Kukho uphando oluninzi olubonisa ukuba nokuphila kubhetele kulabo baxhomekeke kakuhle kwiintsapho kunye nabahlobo.
Kanti esinye isimo esingaqhelekanga sabantu abaye bafumana ukuxolelwa ngokukhawuleza kukuba kukukhuthaza. Ngentuthuko yophando lwezokwelapha oluchaphazela umdlavuza, okunzima kunoma yimuphi ugqirha ukuba ahlale phezulu, ukuba ngummeli wakho okanye ukukhuthaza abathandekayo bakho ngomhlaza ngumqondo omuhle ukuqala, kwaye unokuphucula iziphumo.
Ingxelo yeNgxelo
Ingxelo ka-2010 kwiNtsholongwane namhlanje ikhuphe oko abanye bakufumene kwixesha elidlulileyo, kwaye oko kuthethwa kakuhle ngokukhupha okuvela kumdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Intombazana eneminyaka engama-69 ifunyenwe ibe ne- adenocarcinoma yemiphunga , uhlobo lwe -cell non-small cell cancer . Umhlaza wakhe wawusasazelele kwiimpawu ze-adrenal-adréal- adrenal metastase- kwaye ngoko ke, yayibhalwe njengesigaba se-IV esingekho encinci yesifo somhlaza wamaphaphu . Umhlaza wesifo somhlaza wesigaba se-IV ngowona nqanaba elibi kakhulu lesi sifo kunye nesantya sokusinda kakhulu.
Ngenye inyanga emva kokuxilongwa kwakhe, kwaye ngaphambi kokufumana unyango, kokubili isisu emaphaphini kunye ne-metastasis kwi-adrenal gland yayo yayeka kakhulu kwi-CT scan kunye ne- PET scan . (Uvavanyo lwePET luvavanyo lokusebenzisa i-radioactive glucose, kwaye luvumela oogqirha ukuba bafumane uvavanyo oluchanekileyo lomsebenzi wesisu kunokuba kwi-CT okanye i-MRI kuphela.) Wabe esetyenzwa ngumhlaza wesifo samaphaphu kwaye wayesenza kakuhle emva kweenyanga ezili-14.
Yintoni esinokuyifunda?
Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuxolelwa ngokukhawuleza akuqhelekanga, kwaye bekuza kubakho ithemba elingamanga lokuchitha ixesha elininzi ngokuqwalasela oku kwenzeka. Sekunjalo ukuthetha ngokufumanisa okuqhelekileyo kokuxoxwa ngokukhawuleza kugxininisa into ebalulekileyo kubo bonke abaphila nomhlaza. Izibalo zibalo. Basitshela indlela "umyinge" owenze ngayo ngexesha elidlulileyo ngexesha lokunyanga. Abanamathembeki kangako ekuqikeleleni ukuba umntu oza kutshatyalaliswa njani, okanye ukuba ubani oya kuphendula ngoku ukuba unyango olutsha nolungcono lunokufumaneka.
Ukujonga ezinye zeziganeko ze "zigulane ezikhethekileyo" nomhlaza zingasinika izikhombisi-ndlela zokuphakamisa iingxaki zethu. Ekubeni ukuxhamla kunye noluntu kubalulekile, qwa lasela ukujoyina inxaxheba yoluntu ngenkxaso yoluntu . Cela kwaye uzimisele ukufumana uncedo nenkxaso evela kwintsapho kunye nabahlobo. Yaye ufunde indlela yokuzixhasa njengesigulane somhlaza .
Ukuqwalasela ukuxolelwa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye le meko yomntu onomdlavuza wamaphaphu "walala ngokungafihlakeleyo" kusikhumbuza ukuba sinokufunda okuninzi kwaye sinethemba lokuba olo lwazi luya kusikhokela kwindlela entsha kunye neyona ndlela efanelekileyo ekunakekeleni abantu abanomdlavuza ngelixa elizayo.
> Imithombo:
> Engebretson, J., Peterson, N., noMn. Frenkel. Izigulane ezingabonakaliyo: Iinkcukacha zoNxibelelwano. Unonophelo loNcedo kunye nokuNcedisa . 12 (4): 29-276.
> Frenke, M., Lev Ari, S., Engebretson, J. et al. Ukusebenzisana Phakathi kwezigulane eziqhelekileyo ezineCarcer. Unonophelo loNcedo kwiCancer . 2011. 19 (8): 1125-1132.
> Haruki, T., Makamura, H., Tanaguchi, Y. et al. Ukunyanzeliswa ngokukhawuleza kwe-Lung Adenocarcinoma: Ingxelo yeTyala. Ugqirha Namhlanje . 2010. 40 (12): 1155-8.
> UJessy, T. Unomsolo ngenxa yokungazinzi: Ukunyanzeliswa ngokuthe ngqo komhlaza. Umbhalo weNzululwazi yeNzululwazi, i-Biology, kunye neMicrothe . 2011. 2 (1): 43-49.
> Zahl, P., Maehlen, J., no H. Welch. Imbali Yendalo Yomdlavuza Wamathambo Osabalalisiweyo Ofunyenwe yi-Screening Mammography. IiNcwadi zoLondolozo lwangaphakathi . 2008. 168 (21): 2311-6.